MKG 310 Ch3

The behaviors considered appropriate for males and females in a given society are known as _____.

D. Gender roles

Which of the following is a current American value?

B. active

The percentage of U.S. men who are the primary grocery shopper for their home is _____.

C. 51 percent

A(n) _____ is based on an attribute over which the individual has little or no control.

C. ascribed role

Which of the following is one of the defining characteristics of American society?

C. individualism

A shift away from a competition oriented society would most likely affect _____.

C. the use of comparative advertising

A woman who is married with the husband assuming the responsibility for providing for the family and the wife running the house and taking care of the children would be classified as _____.

C. traditional

Which term is used to refer to whether a person is biologically a male or female?

D. a and b *68

When did Americans begin to place increased emphasis on leisure, immediate gratification, and sensual gratification?

D. after the end of World War II

While women are vital members of the workforce in the U.S., they are still considered the primary care givers of the children in a family. This represents women's _____ in American society.

D. gender role

Which of the following is NOT an other-oriented value?

D. tradition/change

The "Green Guides" provide examples of acceptable and unacceptable practices dealing with advertising and package claims relating to such areas as the environment, in general, as well those relating specifically to

E. all of the above *47

Environmental concerns don't guarantee purchase of green products. Negative perceptions are on the rise due to beliefs that green products are ___________.

E. all of the above *49

Gay consumers, like heterosexuals, vary in terms of _____.

E. all of the above *63

Which of the following is a segment of female consumers?

E. all of the above *78

Since women are quite diverse as a group, what other factors must marketers also consider when designing marketing communications?

E. all of the above *81

Gertrude expresses deeply felt environmental concerns and tailors everything she does and purchases to these beliefs. Which segment of environmental activism best describes Gertrude?

A. Eco-Centrists

Which group of consumers doubts the sincerity or effectiveness of cause-related marketing programs?

A. Skeptic

According to the authors, American culture increasingly values _____.

A. diversity

Mickey is not concerned about the environment. He has no problem with the pollution coming from his 1965 Chevy, and he refuses to recycle. To which environmental activism segment would Mickey belong?

B. Eco-Villains

Which segment of environmental activists is highly dismissive of environmental concerns and doesn't believe global warming exists?

B. Eco-Villains

Which of the following is a challenge facing marketers who implement cause-related marketing programs?

D. Consumer skepticism and apathy are demonstrated.

Which of the following is true regarding changes in American cultural values?

D. There is substantial variance in values across individuals and groups.

The voluntary simplicity movement in America represents a shift in which value?

D. material/nonmaterial

Which of the following factors had a significant impact on Americans' emphasis on security?

E. a, b, and c *28

Consumers higher in individualism are more likely to _____ when faced with poor service performance.

E. a, b, and c *37

Men are more involved than ever in the grocery shopping task because of _____:

E. all of the above *1

Which of the following is a traditional American value?

E. all of the above *15

Marketers have responded to Americans' increasing concern for the environment with an approach called _____.

A. green marketing

What percentage of American adults exercise regularly?

A. less than 50%

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Americans' environment-oriented values?

B. Americans traditionally have not been very receptive to change.

Which of the following is a segment used to describe consumers with respect to their environmental activism?

B. Eco-Centrists

The value that Americans place on youth has _____.

B. shown a slow reversal toward more value being placed on age in recent years

John doubts the sincerity of marketers who claim that they will donate to a cause if he purchases their product. He doesn't believe that they will make a difference because he thinks that marketers are only concerned with profits and probably only donate a small portion of their profits to the stated cause. John is best described as belonging to which group of consumers?

A. Skeptic

Target stores give one percent of a customer's purchase to a school of their choice if they use a Target Visa credit card to pay for their purchases. Target will also donate one-half percent of all other purchases made on that card. This is an example of _____.

A. cause-related marketing

Which type of marketing ties a company and its products to an issue or cause with the goal of improving sales or corporate image while providing benefits to the cause?

A. cause-related marketing

Which index is published by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation and measures how equitably a company treats its GLBT (Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender) employees, customers, and investors?

A. corporate equality index (CEI)

Which is a product or service that often needs modification when targeting gay consumers?

A. financial services

Which of the following provides an accurate description of the organic food market?

A. foods which meet USDA standards so that they are certified organic enhance consumer trust

Health Valley is a brand of food, such as breakfast cereals, that uses all natural and organic ingredients. Moreover, they only purchase grain from organic farms. They state on their packages that "organic farming helps keep our food pure and protects our land and water from harmful substances. By supporting dozens of small organic farms, Health Valley helps protect a way of life for these family farmers, and helps ensure a safer and healthier Earth for you and your children." This is an example of _____.

A. green marketing

Which of the following has NOT been found to be a top motive for organic purchases?

A. lower cost

Which is NOT a reason why Americans work long hours?

A. minimum wage is higher the more hours worked

Those who work in such professions as architecture, science, engineering, and health care and business who generate new ideas and technologies for a living or engage in complex problem solving are referred to as _____.

A. the creative class

Which changing American value has been blamed for the fact that people age 18 to 40 are most likely to admit that they are spending beyond their comfort range?

A. the shift toward immediate gratification

The gay market has been estimated to comprise _____ of the adult U.S. population.

B. 7 percent

_____ are based on performance criteria over which the individual has some degree of control.

B. Achievement roles

Karen believes in cause-related programs, but she doesn't always act accordingly. That is, she likes to patronize retailers that claim to donate a portion of her purchases to charity, but she only shops there when it is convenient for her to do so. Which consumer group would Karen belong?

B. Balancer

____ are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable.

B. Cultural values

Which of the following is NOT a segment used to describe consumers with respect to their environmental activism?

B. New Green Mainstream

Which of the following statements is true regarding Americans' other-oriented values?

B. Since World War II, Americans have increasingly valued diversity.

_____ is done to enhance the welfare of individuals or society without direct benefit to a firm

B. Social marketing

A shift back to an emphasis on postponed gratification in America would most likely _____.

B. decrease the use of credit

Mitch buys organic food and does not eat any foods containing pesticides, herbicides or antibiotics. He based this lifestyle decision on his belief that food grown without the use of chemicals keeps them out of our bodies directly (we don't consume them in our food) and indirectly (they don't end up in our drinking water through run-off). On which motive did Mitch base his decision?

B. health and environment factors

What has been found to improve the results of cause-related marketing programs?

B. the fit between the company and the cause

A shift from a focus on sensual gratification to abstinence in America would most likely affect _____.

B. the types of advertising themes used

Which of the following is an example of cause-related marketing (CRM)?

C. A company donates $1 to Diabetes research for every purchase of its product by consumers.

Which of the following is a reason why women are an important target market?

C. A high percentage of women work outside the home.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the religious/secular value in American society?

C. America is basically a religious society.

Carl likes to support marketers that support causes or charities that are important to him. However, he is concerned about a marketer's motive behind cause-related marketing programs and uses good judgment on which ones to support. Carl is best described as belonging to which group of consumers?

C. Attribution-oriented

_____ refers to the traits of femininity and masculinity.

C. Gender identity

As green claims increased in number and scope, the FTC developed the _____ to help alleviate concern over the potential for marketers to mislead consumers.

C. Green Guides

Lisa is a single mother of two and works two jobs to provide for her family and derives little or no satisfaction from employment. To which market segment would Lisa belong?

C. Trapped working woman

_____ is consumers' efforts to reduce their reliance on consumption and material possessions.

C. Voluntary simplicity

Which of the following is an emerging American value?

C. admiring nature

Lakeisha is an architect, and her husband, Timothy, is an engineer. Both are in their early 30s. They represent a growing percentage of the workforce along with others who generate new ideas and technologies for a living or engage in complex problem solving. Lakeisha and Timothy are part of the _____.

C. creative class

The practice whereby a firm promotes environmental benefits that are unsubstantiated and on which they don't deliver is known as ________.

C. greenwashing

Which of the following is NOT generally involved in green marketing?

C. pricing products lower than the competition

Catherine is married and a mother of two children. She has decided to forego her own career to stay home with her children until they are grown and on their own. Both she and her husband have decided that it is best for their family for him to assume the responsibility for providing financial security for them while she takes care of the home and family. Catherine would be classified as which type of woman?

C. traditional

Heather and Jeff live on a farm in Iowa with their three children. They are concerned about the environment because of the high cost of heating their home in winter. Which environmental activism segment best describes Heather and her family?

D. Proud Traditionalists

Maria will go out of her way to purchase a brand or patronize a store that claims to support a charity if she purchases their brand or shops in their store. Even though she knows that marketers develop these programs to help themselves as well as the cause, she doesn't really care about that. She's just driven by the desire to help. To which group of consumers does Maria belong?

D. Socially concerned

Which consumer group is driven by a desire to help with respect to cause-related marketing programs?

D. Socially concerned

Which term is used to refer to the application of marketing principles and tactics to advance a cause such as a charity, an ideology, or an activity?

D. a and b *50

Laurie purchased an entertainment armoire from a national chain furniture retailer. Unfortunately, one of the doors did not operate properly, so she called the retailer to complain. A service representative was sent out to adjust the door, but just a few weeks later, the problem reoccurred, so Laurie called again and asked for a new armoire. The store manager said that another service rep would have to come out to determine if it was due to a manufacturer's defect before it could be replaced. Because the service representative failed to show up, the manager decided to offer Laurie a new armoire. Unfortunately the replacement had the same problem and Laurie demanded her money back. Now she tells everyone she knows the problems she's had with this retailer. Which value most likely underlies Laurie's complaining behavior?

D. individualism

Which of the following is a self-oriented value?

D. material/nonmaterial

A woman that is married where both she and her husband work and share homemaking and child care responsibilities is classified as _____ with respect to gender orientation.

D. modern

Rayna is married and a mother of four children. Both she and her husband share homemaking and child-rearing responsibilities. Rayna would be classified as a _____ gender orientation.

D. modern

What is typically absolutely necessary of any firm that desires to capture the loyalty of the gay community?

D. must have internal policies that do not discriminate against gay employees

Erica and her family decided that it was just too much strain on them for Erica to work outside the home. Even though she was a successful attorney and they enjoyed the good things in life, her family made a conscious decision to reduce their reliance on consumption and material possessions. This behavior has been termed _____.

D. voluntary simplicity

Leigh is working on a research project for her marketing class, and her assignment is to study how Americans' values with respect to sensual gratification and abstinence have changed in the past 50 years. Which of the following would give her the best insight into these changes?

E. a, b, and c *9

Individualism affects which of the following?

E. all of the above *36

Which of the following is NOT an environment-oriented value?

E. all of the above are environment-oriented values