MKT 305 - Final exam

Manuel still remembers the impact of his first college class in the United States. As a new immigrant, he was sincere in his desire to learn about the American culture that he had chosen to adopt. His college professor taught Manuel many things about the American culture. In doing so, the professor was acting as a(n) ________.

acculturation agent

Consumers who refuse to sacrifice style, but achieve it on a budget are called ________.

frugalistas

As a relationship grows and progresses, gift giving tends to become more ________.

altruistic

Advertising to teens typically depicts ________.

"in" teens using the product

Pavel is an inventor. He read that there were several million people who could not sleep at night until they looked under the bed. He invented a light that could be put under the bed and went on automatically when someone looked there. Pavel's product is designed to help people perform a ________.

ritual

A ________ is defined as a group whose members share beliefs and common experiences that set them apart from others.

subculture

A member of ________ has recently gained personal wealth and may experience status anxiety. Such individuals may try to display symbols of their success to make up for an internal lack of assurance about the "correct" way to behave.

the nouveau riche

Fashion refers to ________.

the process of social diffusion by which style is adopted by consumers

Gen Y'ers are at home in ________, which communicates by texting and IMing.

thumb culture

Grooming rituals express two kinds of binary opposition: private/public and ________.

work/leisure

Japan is a very tightly knit culture with rich history and social identification. In this culture, people tend to infer meanings that go beyond the spoken word. This classifies Japan as a ________ culture.

high-context culture

A nuclear family consists of ________.

a mother, a father, and at least one child

A tendency for people to marry in a social class similar to their own is called ________.

homogamy

Products are winnowed out as they make their way down the path from conception to consumption, a process called ________.

cultural selection

A ________ is an economy that is driven by a fairly small group of rich people.

plutonomy

A ________ is a very short-lived fashion.

fad

Blue-collar workers with relatively high-prestige jobs consider themselves as ________.

working class lower middle

Raymond Chandler wrote classic American detective stories. By always using certain roles for his characters and props that were appropriate to the genre, Chandler's novels followed a(n) ________.

cultural formula

In the cultural production process, the people who control the flow of information between producers and customers are called ________.

cultural gatekeepers

Brands that we closely link to our rituals are called ________ brands; once they become imbedded in our rituals we are unlikely to replace them.

fortress

All of the following are important components of social class except for ________.

gender

An age cohort that describes kids who were born in the late 1990s to early 2000s is ________.

generation Z

China's economic boom has created 130 million people in what social class?

lower-middle class

An extended family unit is characterized by ________ living together.

three generations

Jui-Jui has a need to achieve independence. He dreams daily of leaving home and getting his own apartment; however, because he lives in a neighborhood full of houses, he would have to go some distance to find an apartment that he could afford. This move would mean that he would distance himself from his friends. This example is a common dilemma for many teens. Which of the following conflicts that most teens face is most applicable to Jui-Jui's situation?

Autonomy vs. belonging

Although teenagers do not have the income of older consumers, they are still an attractive marked based on income. Why?

Teenagers don't have the income of adults, but it's almost all discretionary, meaning that they can spend it as they see fit.

Consumers who buy everything in sight are called ________.

spendthrifts

A middle class person with an income at least 15 percent lower than the median middle class income, would be considered a(n) ________ consumer.

underprivileged

Jason is a marketing researcher working for a client who believes that social class will be an important segmenting device. Jason decides to find social class categories by simply asking respondents to pick their own category. Which of the following best supports Jason's approach?

American consumers generally have little difficulty accurately placing themselves in the lower-middle class or middle class.

Marketers must know the needs and wants of their customers. Which of the following presents the most accurate picture of the typical elderly consumer today?

Most are active, interested in what life has to offer, and are enthusiastic consumers with the means and willingness to buy many goods and services.

In the process of ________, new immigrants adopt products, habits, and values they identify with the mainstream culture.

assimilation

A person who receives rewards and status because of his hard work is said to have ________ status.

achieved

Maria Gomez is thrilled to be in the United States. After spending her childhood years in Mexico, she is looking forward to the freedom given to teenage girls in the United States. "I can wear shorts, pantsuits, and even halter tops and no one will think badly of me," says Maria. Maria is in the process of ________.

adaptation

Anna is a millionaire but she is constantly stressed and unhappy despite her wealth, Anna is experiencing ________.

affluenza

Jim Smith, Don Carson, and Jeff Sweeney are all 54 years old, so they can be sorted into ________.

an age cohort

Fred Johnson has worked hard all of his life to make a decent living for himself and his family. However, in recent years he has become obsessed with a fear of being ruined, either because of losing his job or losing all of his savings. According to clinical psychologists, Fred Johnson's fear of being ruined is equated to ________.

atephobia

Items such as Swiffer, Keurig, and Dove target ________.

baby boomers

An age ________ consists of people of similar ages who have undergone similar experiences.

cohort

Harry was the lead singer in a band that hit it big. For his birthday, Harry had two hundred friends flown by chartered jets to a private island in the South Pacific. They ate the most expensive food, and every morning the bungalows were burned to the ground and rebuilt for the next night. Harry's party is a good example of ________.

conspicuous consumption

It is quite common for mainstream culture to modify symbols identified with "cutting edge" subcultures and present these to a larger audience. Such cultural products undergo a process of ________, by which their original meanings are transformed by outsiders.

cooptation

Evan was an aggressive, rich, and determined businessman originally from a working class family. He had become wealthier than he had ever imagined by buying and selling other businesses. Evan seemingly could do anything until he tried a hostile takeover of an established bank owned by several prestigious families. When his bid failed, Evan said "I always knew there was an elite, but up to now I thought I was part of it." What type of capital was Evan lacking?

cultural

Fred has been a farmer all his life. He inherited the family farm when he was 35, but that was twenty years ago. Due to the economy, Fred has lost the farm and has taken a manual labor job in the city to support his family. What form of mobility best describes Fred's position?

downword mobility

Gen Y individuals are also included as ________.

echo boomers and millenials

Gen enjoys owning a micro-refrigerator, which is small enough to fit almost anywhere. Gen believes that the efficient use of space is one of the characteristics that any good product should have. With respect to the functional areas of a cultural system, Gen is focusing on ________ as a variable in selecting products.

ecology

According to Pierre Bourdieu, people's taste regarding entertainment and the arts serves as a status-making force or ________ that causes consumption preferences to cluster together.

habitus

All of the following are subsystems in a culture production system EXCEPT a ________ subsystem.

marketing

Hundreds of millions of consumers around the world have the purchasing power to afford higher quality products. This consumer group, known as the ________, tend to buy affordable cars rather than luxury cars.

mass class

A church that serves 2000 or more congregants per week is called a ________.

megachurch

A story containing symbolic elements that express the shared emotions and ideals of a culture is called a ________.

myth

If a member of the upper class wore shredded Levi's jeans to a formal party, the person would be exhibiting a sophisticated form of conspicuous consumption known as ________.

parody display

A special ritual marking a person's transition from one role to another is called a ________.

rite of passage

A set of multiple symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and tend to be repeated is called a ________.

ritual

Immigrants to the United States who exhibit ________ tend to live and shop in places separated from mainstream Anglo consumers.

segregation

Amos always felt that it was unfair that society created artificial divisions that discouraged him from having friends from different social structures. Which of the following terms describes the process that Amos is having difficulty with?

social stratification