MKT204 - MC

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12) Market capitalism is an economic system in which: A) individuals and firms allocate resources that are privately owned. B) the state has broad powers to serve the public interest as it sees fit. C) market resource allocation is commanded by both private and state ownership. D) there is no correlation between economic freedom and a nation's economy. E) market-oriented economies function in an identical manner.

28) Low-income countries have a GNI per capita of $1,045 or less. The general characteristics shared by countries at this income level include all of the following except: A) high literacy rates. B) high birth rates. C) heavy reliance on foreign aid. D) political unrest. E) high agricultural population.

33) Coke's worldwide success is based on: A) adaptation of the marketing mix. B) standardization of the marketing mix. C) selected elements of the marketing mix. D) using local sales force and vending machines. E) using existing local infrastructure.

34) McDonald's restaurants in France do not look like McDonald's elsewhere. This is an example of: A) think locally and act globally. B) think globally and act locally. C) diversification. D) standardization E) adaptation

40) Upper-middle-income countries are also known as: A) Industrializing countries. B) BRIC countries. C) Stabilized countries. D) Manufacturing countries. E) Agricultural countries.

41) McDonald's serves McAloo Tikki Burger in India, McRice Burger in Malaysia, McOZ Burger in Australia, Kiwi Burger in New Zealand, and McHuevo Burger in Uruguay and McSamurai Burger in Thailand. These menu variations are examples of a: A) combination of global and local marketing mix elements. B) reflection of failure of U.S. menu items in those countries. C) deviation from successful marketing practices. D) replacement of standard menu names with fancy names. E) selection of menu items that can be sold eventually in U.S. markets.

49) ________ is the phrase global marketers use to describe ads with common design elements into which localized elements are inserted for individual country markets. A) "Pattern advertising" B) "Template advertising" C) "Cookie-cutter advertising" D) "Model advertising" E) "Stereotype advertising"

53) According to data published by Advertising Age (2009), which of the following is the largest global advertising organization? A) WPP Group B) Interpublic Group C) Omnicom Group D) Dentsu Inc. E) Havas

54) The largest single market in the world in terms of national income is the United States representing roughly ________ of the total world market for all products and services. A) 25% B) 35% C) 55% D) 65% E) 75%

59) In advertising, a(n) ________ is an agency "creative" who chooses graphics, pictures, type styles, and other visual elements and has general responsibility for the overall look of an advertisement. A) art director B) copywriter C) IMC manager D) PR practitioner E) stylist

6) Walmart exited from the German market due to the fact that Germans A) could find lower prices at discount stores. B) preferred shopping in larger malls. C) did not care for American businesses. D) preferred "all-in-one" store. E) preferred only European businesses.

60) According to recent research on advertising appeals in global marketing, which of the following countries rank high in both "think" and "feel" dimensions? A) Austria, Canada, Germany, United States, Korea B) Belgium, the Netherlands, India C) Argentina, Brazil, Italy D) Denmark, France, Hong Kong, Japan E) Spain, Sweden, Taiwan

61) According to a research study, a TV advertisement that presents a rational appeal by means of an argument-type execution would be well suited to: A) monochronic cultures with low power distance, high uncertainty avoidance, and a good supply of marketing professionals. B) collectivist cultures with high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance. C) collectivist cultures with high power distance, high advertising expenditures, and strict government control. D) high power distance, high advertising expenditures, and a limited supply of advertising professionals. E) none of the above

61) Ethnocentric orientation is sometimes associated with all of the following attitudes except: A) national arrogance. B) assumption of national superiority. C) indifference to marketing opportunities. D) selecting a standardized approach. E) selecting an adaptation approach.

63) A person who assumes that his or her home country is superior to the rest of the world is said to have: A) ethnocentric orientation. B) polycentric orientation. C) regiocentric orientation. D) geocentric orientation. E) none of the above

64) Nissan's earlier vehicles were difficult to start in many parts of the United States during the cold winter months. In northern Japan, it was customary for many car owners to put blankets over the hoods of their cars during winter months. Nissan's assumption was that Americans would do the same thing. This is an example of: A) ethnocentric orientation. B) polycentric orientation. C) regiocentric orientation. D) geocentric orientation. E) geopolitic orientation.

69) A type of advantage that a global company possesses by virtue of the fact that it has experience in more than one country is referred to as: A) Leverage. B) Transferability. C) Flexibility. D) Capability. E) Accountability.

71) Measuring elevator populations in countries measured as units installed per thousand people gives an estimate of the market for elevators. That China has about one-half an elevator per thousand people is indicative of: A) low product saturation level. B) high product saturation level. C) high population level. D) high technological level. E) low technological level.

73) When a country like China is experiencing rapid economic growth, policymakers are likely to: A) look more favorably on outsiders. B) look less favorably on outsiders. C) experience more resistance toward outsiders. D) feel threatened by outsiders. E) none of the above

74) Recently, some of the biggest advertising holding companies have acquired leading public relations agencies. The best explanation for this trend is: A) a growing realization of the importance of IMC (Integrated Marketing Communications). B) increasing client demands for localized PR campaigns. C) stepped-up efforts by large companies to combat anti-globalization activists. D) declining demand for global public relations means agencies have to agree to be acquired or risk going out of business. E) increasing demand by global public for transparency.

80) To the extent that a country sells more goods and services abroad than it buys, there will be: A) a greater demand for its currency. B) a surplus production of goods and services. C) a scarcity of goods and services within the country. D) a need for revaluation of its currency. E) time for fluctuating its currency.

81) The top global merchandise exporter is: A) China. B) Germany. C) the United States. D) Japan. E) Korea.

85) Anheuser-Busch, the brewer of Budweiser beer, lost its independence after years of focusing primarily on the domestic U.S. market. This is most likely a result of: A) management myopia. B) national controls. C) opposition to globalization. D) newcomers from emerging markets. E) organizational culture.

1) The best-selling smartphone in China is marketed by: A) Samsung. B) Xiaomi. C) Apple. D) Mitsubishi. E) Android.

14) The essence of marketing worldwide is to surpass the competition in creating perceived value, which can be represented as: A) Value = Price/Benefits. B) Value = Benefits/Price. C) Value = Benefits × Price. D) Value = Benefits - Price. E) Value = Benefits + Price.

15) The marketing mix is integral to the value equation which is represented by: A) Value = Price/Benefits. B) Value = Benefits/Price. C) Value = Benefits × Price. D) Value = Benefits - Price. E) Value = Benefits + Price.

29) The dimensions of global marketing strategy include all of the following except: A) Concentration of marketing activities B) Development of cultural activities C) Coordination of marketing activities D) Integration of competitive moves E) Integration of marketing mix

32) Burberry's global marketing strategy of offering "affordable luxury" to customers in the United States, with a value proposition of being more expensive than Coach and less expensive than Prada represents a focus on: A) product. B) price. C) promotion. D) position. E) place.

36) The success of Uniqlo's retail stores can be attributed to it's decision to: A) remain in Japan. B) locate in high population density areas. C) locate in low population density areas. D) manufacture most of their products in Japan. E) become the world's number one apparel retailer.

37) Prahalad and Hammond have identified several assumptions and misconceptions about the "bottom of the pyramid" (BOP) that need to be corrected. All of the following mistaken assumptions are correct except: A) The poor are too concerned with fulfilling basic needs to "waste" money on nonessential goods. B) The goods sold in developing markets are so expensive that there is no room for a new market entrant to make a profit. C) The poor have no money. D) People in BOP markets cannot use advanced technology. E) Global companies that target BOP markets will be criticized for exploiting the poor.

38) Global marketers should take note of the fact that almost half of the world's population is located in: A) low-income countries. B) lower-middle-income countries. C) upper-middle-income countries. D) high-income countries. E) higher-middle-income countries.

41) As companies recognize and embrace new concepts such as the globalization of coffee culture, the potential for effective global advertising: A) decreases. B) increases. C) remains the same. D) becomes evident. E) is ignored.

42) In the 1950s, which company used transistor technology licensed from Bell Labs to develop the transistor radio? A) Nokia B) Sony C) Panasonic D) RCA E) Sanyo

43) Examples of effective global marketing by McDonald's include both standardized and localized marketing mix elements. Which of the following does not represent a localized element? A) It serves McAloo tikki potato burger in India. B) It uses the advertising slogan "I'm lovin' it." C) It operates themed dining cars on the Swiss national rail system. D) It has home delivery service in India. E) It has slang nicknames such as MakDo in the Philippines and McDo in France.

46) Which two companies are sourcing product components from small-scale enterprises, which in turn are helping preserve old-growth forests as well as economic opportunities in Brazil? A) Ford Motor Company and Armani B) Daimler AG and Hermes C) General Motors and Hugo Boss D) Volkswagen and Coach E) Coca-Cola and Nestlé

47) ________ is the term that refers to the merging of different industries such as computers, photography, and motion pictures. A) Value networks B) Convergence C) Disruptive technology D) Telematics E) Agnostic marketing

48) Which country was upgraded from "emerging" to "developed" status by the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) in 2009? A) United States B) South Korea C) Britain D) Italy E) Malaysia

5) A fundamental difference between regular marketing and global marketing is the: A) lack of marketing mix. B) scope of activities. C) lack of strategic planning. D) focus on resources. E) lack of communication.

52) Which of the following is true about the Triad? A) Triad countries account for approximately one-third of world income and one-third of world population. B) Triad countries account for approximately 75% of world income as measured by GNP. C) Triad countries are those in which consumer products, industrial products, and the services sector each contribute one-third to GDP. D) Triad countries account for approximately 25% of world income as measured by GNP. E) Triad countries account for approximately 50% of world income as measured by the World Bank.

54) When it is time to choose one or more advertising agencies, a company with a decentralized structure and a polycentric organization will: A) make the decisions at headquarters. B) leave the decision to local country managers. C) automatically go with a home-country agency. D) be most concerned with economies of scale. E) make the decisions on a regional basis.

57) In many parts of the world, McDonald's utilizes TV advertising that shows parents interacting with their happy children. Such advertising utilizes: A) rational appeals. B) emotional appeals. C) SRC appeals. D) melodramatic appeals. E) localized appeal.

58) Which of the following best describes Apple Computer's iTunes Music Store at the time of its launch in 2003? A) domestic audience/information and support services B) domestic audience/transactions C) global audience/ information and support services D) global audience/ transactions E) none of the above

62) The cell phone division of Toshiba prospered by doing business in the domestic market. When handset sales slowed, Atsutoshi Nishida, president of Toshiba noted, "We were thinking only about Japan. We really missed our chance." This statement is indicative of ________ orientation. A) polycentric B) ethnocentric C) geocentric D) technocentric. E) regiocentric

64) Digitas and SBI.Razorfish are: A) popular Internet auction sites in Japan. B) leading interactive media agencies. C) European companies with highly rated Web sites. D) competing standards for wireless connectivity. E) popular digital media products

65) At Procter & Gamble, one of the problems they were facing was that 80-plus country teams were all acting independently. Pampers Europe was not collaborating with Pampers North America. This example illustrates the differences due to their: A) geocentric orientation. B) regiocentric orientation. C) polycentric orientation. D) ethnocentric orientation. E) poor globalization orientation.

66) Unilever, the Anglo-Dutch consumer products company, at one time had 30 different package designs and 48 different formulations for its Rexona deodorant brand. This is an example of: A) ethnocentric orientation. B) polycentric orientation. C) regiocentric orientation. D) geocentric orientation. E) transnational orientation.

7) Starbucks entered India via an alliance with the Tata Group. They are sourcing coffee beans in India and marketing them at Starbucks stores throughout the world. This is an example of: A) Market Penetration. B) Market Development. C) Market Diversification. D) Product Development. E) Regular Marketing.

70) The "balance of payments" is a record of all economic transactions between the residents of a country and the rest of the world. It is divided into the current and capital accounts. Current accounts include all of the following except: A) balance on goods. B) portfolio investments. C) balance on services. D) goods imports. E) goods exports.

70) Which of the following constitutes a major threat to Microsoft? A) convergence B) freeopen source software C) Bluetooth D) short message service (SMS) E) Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP

72) In their book, Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw wrote "Governments are getting out of businesses by disposing of what amounts to trillions of dollars of assets. Everything is going-from steel plants and phone companies . . . to hotels, restaurants, and nightclubs." This is an indication of: A) the fact that governments can make more money by selling assets. B) privatization is becoming a driving force for global marketing. C) these businesses are considered as closed markets. D) foreign companies are competing with governments. E) there is less demand for these type of companies.

75) Which of the following most accurately describes the state of global public relations (PR) today? A) Expenditures on PR are dropping. B) Expenditures on PR are increasing. C) PR practices are standardized worldwide. D) PR is not important in emerging markets like India. E) Foreign investments are increasing.

77) ________ -commerce is one of the significant marketing opportunities made possible by the digital revolution. A) Multinational B) Mobile C) Multisegment D) Marginal-cost E) Multilingual

78) China's ongoing trade-related friction with the United States highlights the need for: A) a better distribution system. B) a better PR effort. C) sales promotion. D) a better transportation system. E) pattern advertising.

84) If an American tourist in Tokyo pays more in dollars for the same amount of yen that she bought last week, then: A) a Japanese tourist in San Francisco pays more in yen for the same amount of dollars that she bought the week before. B) the dollar has depreciated relative to the yen. C) the yen has depreciated relative to the dollar. D) the dollar has appreciated relative to the yen. E) the dollar and yen both remained same in value.

Difficulty: 2: Moderate 32) Upper-middle-income countries, also known as industrializing or developing countries are those with GNI per capita ranging from: A) $996 to $ 4,125. B) $4,126 to $12,475. C) $12,475 or higher. D) less than $995. E) none of the above

13) Key characteristics of the Anglo Saxon model market system consists of private ownership and: A) "social partners" orientation. B) inflexible employment policies. C) free enterprise economy. D) mix of state ownership. E) generous social safety net.

14) For decades, the economies of China, the former Soviet Union, and India functioned according to the tenets of: A) market capitalism. B) market socialism. C) centrally planned socialism. D) centrally planned capitalism. E) market capitalism and socialistic capitalism.

15) The Swedish government has significant holdings in key business sectors and has a hybrid economic system that incorporates: A) market capitalism and centrally planned socialism. B) centrally planned socialism and market socialism. C) centrally planned socialism and capitalism. D) market socialism and market capitalism. E) market capitalism and socialistic capitalism.

16) The Washington, D.C.-based Heritage Foundation survey consists of over 178 countries ranked by degree of economic freedom. The key economic variables considered for this ranking include all of the following except: A) taxation policy. B) government consumption of economic output. C) percent foreign ownership. D) banking policy. E) wage and price control.

17) The only two countries where Coca-Cola is not available through authorized channels are: A) India and China. B) North Korea and South Korea. C) Cuba and North Korea. D) Cuba and Venezuela. E) Singapore and Indonesia.

29) Myanmar is considered as one of the emerging markets open for business. All of the following facts pertain to Myanmar except: A) Myanmar is a low-income country in Southeast Asia. B) Myanmar has a population of 65 million people. C) Myanmar is one of the countries considered as "Stans." D) Myanmar's citizens elected a president. E) Only one quarter of Myanmar's population has access to electricity.

3) Starbucks dropped the word "Coffee" from its logo. This is an example of: A) Standardization. B) Adaptation. C) Diversification. D) Automation. E) Modernization.

3) The demise of communism as an economic and political system can be explained by all of the following facts except: A) communism is not an effective economic system. B) relatively superior performance of the world's market economies. C) communism works when the currency exchange rate is weak. D) difficult to manage national economies with a single central plan. E) increased public participation in matters of state.

30) The former chairman of Nestlé recently told an interviewer: "We are food and beverages. We are not running bicycle shops. Even in food, we are not in all fields. There are certain areas we do not touch. Also, we have no soft drinks because I have said we either buy Coca-Cola or we leave it alone." What strategic marketing principle does the chairman's comment emphasize most specifically? A) customer value B) competitive advantage C) focus D) myopia E) policy of dealing only with Swiss businesses

30) The majority of the world's population is included in the following economic category: A) high-income countries. B) upper-middle-income countries. C) lower-middle-income countries. D) low-income countries. E) lower-upper-income countries.

31) Nike recently adopted the slogan "Here I am" for its pan-European clothing advertising targeting women. The decision to drop the famous "Just do it" tag line was based on the research indicating that: A) the famous slogan did not have accurate translation in European languages. B) Europeans do not like tag lines that portray American thinking. C) college-age women in Europe are not as competitive about sports as men are. D) the old slogan conveys superiority of men over women. E) European women want to differentiate themselves from men.

31) With a 2013 GNI per capital of $1,570, India has transitioned out from the former category and now is classified as a(n): A) low-income country. B) upper-middle-income country. C) lower-middle-income country. D) upper-income country. E) lower-upper-income country.

35) Harley-Davidson's competitive advantage is based, in part, on it's A) shifting production outside of the United States. B) new production facility in China. C) "Made in the USA" positioning. D) simultaneous production of Buell Motorcycles. E) acquiring MV Augusta, an Italian motorcycle manufacturer.

37) A company that succeeds in global marketing: A) pursues a "one size fits all" strategy by creating identical products for homogeneous markets. B) customizes special products for each world country or region. C) creates both standardized and localized products. D) nurtures an ethnocentric management orientation. E) uses localized products only.

38) An important managerial task in global marketing is learning to recognize the extent to which it is possible to extend marketing plans as well as the extent to which adaptation is desired. The way a company addresses this task is a reflection of the company's: A) market penetration. B) market diversification. C) global marketing strategy. D) product development. E) product standardization.

39) Companies that fail to formulate adequate responses to the challenges and opportunities of globalization will face all of the following consequences except: A) getting absorbed by visionary enterprises. B) getting absorbed by dynamic enterprises. C) becoming locally profitable enterprises. D) undergoing wrenching transformations. E) simply disappearing from the business horizon

40) Statements that illustrate the success of global marketing include all of the following except: A) the Coca-Cola Company supports its Coke brand by utilizing global and local marketing mix. B) Apple is synonymous with cutting-edge innovation and high-tech design. C) Italy's Benetton utilizes marketing as a knee-jerk reaction to world marketing needs. D) the backbone of Caterpillar's global success is its network of dealers. E) Germany's reputation for engineering and manufacturing provides a competitive advantage.

41) Publishers of newspapers and magazines are facing downturns in readership and some are going bankrupt as people spend more time online. A device that may help lure subscribers back is: A) VoIP. B) GPS. C) Kindle. D) Napster. E) SMS.

42) A ________ company is one that targets customers worldwide or sources products worldwide, standardizing some marketing mix elements and adapting others. A) domestic B) local C) global D) international E) multinational

42) Which one of the following nations fall in the lower-middle-income category? A) Burundi B) Bangladesh C) Egypt D) Venezuela E) none of the above

43) Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry are pioneers in the digital revolution. What contribution did they make? A) They invented the transistor. B) They invented the spreadsheet. C) They invented the first digital computer. D) They invented the silicon chip. E) They invented the Internet.

43) Which of the following product category/company pairings best illustrates the concept of "product cultures?" A) earth-moving equipment/Caterpillar B) personal hygiene/Procter & Gamble C) coffee bars/Starbucks D) batteries/Duracell E) automobiles/Ford

45) Which of the following digital revolution pioneers created a "network of networks" that is now known as the Internet? A) Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby B) Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry C) Vint Serf and Bob Kahn D) Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak E) Tim Berners-Lee

47) Product and market opportunities in a postindustrial society are more heavily dependent upon new products and innovations than in industrial societies. An example of this would be: A) Nestlé marketing Bono brand cookies in Brazil. B) Coca-Cola Company developing a beverage Vintago in low-income countries. C) New e-commerce markets for interactive forms of electronic communication. D) Hermes creating handbags called Amazonia. E) India's Suzlon Energy using wind-driven turbines.

47) What do Unilever and Procter & Gamble have in common? A) Revenues at both companies have been hurt by regulations concerning tobacco advertising and promotion. B) Both companies utilize extension approaches to advertising. C) Both companies rank high in terms of non-U.S. ad spending. D) Both companies use a great deal of corporate advertising. E) Both companies use the same advertising agency.

48) A key player in the cell phone business who could have been first to market with a cell phone camera is: A) Ericsson. B) Samsung. C) Motorola. D) Sprint. E) AT&T.

49) According to the innovator's dilemma: A) the computing power of a microprocessor doubles every 18 months. B) markets that don't exist can't be analyzed. C) well-managed companies that listen and respond to needs of established customers may miss opportunities to innovate. D) regulation of e-commerce activities will increase at a rate that is directly proportional to the growth of e-commerce revenues. E) innovations are copied soon after they are discovered.

51) When the subheads and body copy of an advertisement is localized, not simply translated, is an example of: A) local advertising. B) global advertising. C) pattern advertising. D) advocacy advertising. E) stereotype advertising.

52) Which of the following principles of disruptive innovation pertains to the notion of agnostic marketing? A) Companies depend on customers for resources. B) Small markets don't satisfy the growth needs of large companies. C) Markets that don't exist can't be analyzed. D) Technology supply may not equal market demand. E) A company's capabilities define its weaknesses

56) The advertising promise that captures the reason that people buy products is known as: A) creative strategy. B) the advertising appeal. C) the selling proposition. D) the creative execution. E) the big idea.

57) Amazon.com, the leading Internet bookseller, allows users to purchase books, CDs, and other products on line. Amazon.com is primarily a ________ site: A) promotion B) content C) transaction D) execution E) cyber

57) As apparent from the 2014 rankings of Fortune magazine's global 500 companies, Volkswagen is trying to unseat ________, the world's most valuable car company. A) GM B) Daimler AG C) Toyota D) Ford E) Chrysler

59) Which of the following best describes the Web site for Godin Guitars? A) domestic audience/information and support services B) domestic audience/transactions C) global audience/ information and support services D) global audience/ transactions E) none of the above

60) The worldview of a company's personnel can be described by all of the following types of orientation except: A) Ethnocentric. B) Geocentric. C) Technocentric. D) Polycentric. E) Regiocentric

62) According to a research study, a TV advertisement that presents an emotional appeal by means of a psychological-type execution would be well suited to: A) monochronic cultures with low power distance, high uncertainty avoidance, and a good supply of marketing professionals. B) collectivist cultures with high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance. C) collectivist cultures with high power distance, high advertising expenditures, and strict government control. D) high power distance, high advertising expenditures, and a limited supply of advertising professionals. E) none of the above

62) Unilever is using the Internet to: A) distribute coupons to consumers. B) sponsor sweepstakes on a global basis. C) allow consumers to watch digitized versions of television ads on their PCs. D) archive its TV ads so local country managers can incorporate existing footage in ads. E) allow consumers to buy products on-line

63) Which of the following is true about advertising expenditures in Germany and Brazil? A) Television is the leading medium in both Germany and Brazil. B) Newspapers are the leading medium in both Germany and Brazil. C) Television is the leading medium in Brazil; newspapers are the leading medium in Germany. D) Television is the leading medium in Germany; newspapers are the leading medium in Brazil. E) Magazines are the leading medium in Brazil and Germany.

65) In which country are global marketers likely to encounter the most restrictions on advertising? A) United States B) Japan C) Saudi Arabia D) Russia E) Germany

66) In which country would a global marketer most likely encounter the need to use print advertisements? A) United States B) Japan C) China D) India E) Germany

67) Generally speaking, a company has little control over media. To compensate for this lack of control many companies utilize: A) image advertising. B) advocacy advertising. C) corporate advertising. D) TV advertising. E) radio advertising.

67) The domain name for Amazon company in Germany is: A) Amazon.co.ge. B) Amazon.co.de. C) Amazon.de. D) Amazon.gy. E) Amazon.gr.

68) Which promotional mix element is most closely associated with activities designed to foster goodwill and understanding with various constituents both inside and outside the company? A) personal selling B) advertising C) public relations D) sales promotion E) publicity

70) What do Ford Motor Company, Coca-Cola, Nike, and McDonald's all have in common? A) They are all consumer packaged-goods companies. B) They all have foreign CEOs. C) They have all received a great deal of negative publicity in recent years. D) They all rely exclusively on TV advertising. E) They spend more in advertising in foreign markets than home markets.

71) Pfizer, Merck, Novartis, and other pharmaceutical companies have little choice but to engage in global marketing since: A) there is little demand for their products in home countries. B) their research centers are located overseas. C) no single market is large enough to recover costs incurred in research. D) there is more demand overseas for their products. E) technology is not available in home countries.

76) The reason why broadband access is slower in the United States compared to South Korea is: A) the language barrier B) the lack of technical know-how C) the population density D) the lack of service providers E) security concerns

78) Wi-Fi, or wireless fidelity, permits laptop and PDA users to establish high-speed wireless connections to the Internet via: A) infrared rays. B) magnetic rays. C) hot spots. D) laptop warriors. E) modem.

79) Bluetooth is gaining popularity in Europe compared to Wi-Fi due to all but one of the following advantages: A) less power consumption. B) well suited to use with cell phones. C) works over shorter distances. D) can be used in automobiles. E) can be incorporated into home appliances

79) PepsiCo undertook an ambitious global program to revamp the packaging of its flagship cola. To raise awareness of its new blue can, Pepsi spent $500 million on advertising and PR; Pepsi leased a Concorde jet and painted it in the new blue color. This is a good use of: A) product packaging that will help a product "sell itself." B) Concorde jet for advertising and promotion. C) IMC ( Integrated Marketing Communications). D) packaging that can be transported in various ways. E) advertising budget.

86) In the United States, some people believe that globalization has depressed the wages of American workers resulting in the loss of both blue-collar and white-collar jobs. This is an example of: A) discrimination. B) domination. C) globaphobia. D) management myopia. E) economic crisis.

86) When countries or regions experience currency and/or economic stress, all of the following events can take place except: A) increased exposure to certain risks. B) new profit opportunities. C) lower local currency financing costs. D) bad debts occur. E) cancellation of aircraft equipment sales.

1) During the past two decades, the world economic environment has become increasingly dynamic. To achieve success, executives and marketers must take into account all of the following realities except: A) capital movements have replaced trade as the driving force of the world economy. B) production has become "uncoupled" from employment. C) the world economy dominates the scene. D) the struggle between capitalism and socialism continues. E) the growth of e-commerce diminishes the importance of national barriers.

16) Renault and its rivals are racing to offer middle-class consumers a new value proposition by selling cars for the equivalent of $10,000 or less. On the heels of Renault's success with Dacia Logan came the $2,500 Nano from India's Tata Motors. This illustrates that: A) consumers are looking for low price irrespective of quality. B) Renault is overcharging for their cars compared to their competitors. C) higher product development costs are a driving force behind globalization. D) market success depends on reaching a threshold of acceptable quality for consumers. E) cars are not very popular in emerging markets like India.

2) In global markets, Starbucks is a good example of simultaneously executing all of the growth strategies except: A) Market penetration. B) Market development. C) Product development. D) Market orientation. E) Diversification.

2) The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a measure of a nation's economic activity, is calculated by all of the following factors except: A) consumer spending. B) investment spending. C) government purchases D) industry purchases. E) net exports.

28) Walmart's exit from the German market was due, in part, to the fact that German shoppers could find lower prices at stores known as: A) All-in-one stores. B) Dollar stores. C) Discount sores. D) Hard discounters. E) Fresh & Easy stores

4) McDonald's developed a vegetarian burger in India. This is an example of: A) Market Penetration. B) Market Development. C) Market Diversification. D) Product Development. E) Global Marketing.

41) Upper-middle-income countries that achieve the highest rates of economic growth are sometimes referred to collectively as: A) LDCs. B) BEMs. C) BRICs. D) NIEs. E) BOPs.

44) Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby are pioneers in the digital revolution. What contribution did they make? A) They invented the transistor. B) They invented the spreadsheet. C) They invented the first digital computer. D) They invented the silicon chip. E) They invented the Internet.

45) Pursuing alternative sources of energy, such as wind and solar power, is important due to the fact that: A) people in developing countries are more conscious about the environment. B) global marketers are more interested in publicizing environmental issues. C) it is easy to develop solar power in many parts of the world. D) heavy reliance on fossil fuels contributes to global warming. E) people worldwide can afford to buy power generated from wind and solar.

45) Which company ranks number one in terms of worldwide ad spending? A) General Motors B) Philip Morris C) Unilever D) Procter & Gamble E) Coca-Cola

46) Which company ranks number one in terms of ad spending in Europe? A) General Motors B) Philip Morris C) Unilever D) Procter & Gamble E) Coca-Cola

51) In every industry, companies are embedded in a(n) ________, which has a cost structure associated with it that dictates the margins needed to achieve profitability. A) innovator's dilemma B) transaction C) URL D) value network E) digital network

53) "Small markets don't solve the growth needs of large companies" and "markets that don't exist can't be analyzed" are two principles of disruptive innovation. These principles are integral to: A) the five forces model. B) the flagship model. C) strategic intent. D) the innovator's dilemma. E) the innovator's dream.

54) ________ booked over the Internet represents the largest e-commerce category. A) Hotels B) Reading materials C) Restaurants D) Travel E) Computers

55) Even though the dollar value of the home market for Japanese companies is the third largest in the world, the market outside Japan is ________ of the world market potential for Japanese companies. A) 40% B) 55% C) 70% D) 90% E) 95%

55) Tobacco companies in Central Europe face the prospect of tougher marketing and advertisement regulations due to the: A) growing concern about health hazards associated with smoking. B) a dislike of global brands crowding out local brands. C) a desire to return to communist-era policies. D) a desire to comply with EU regulations. E) pressure from neighboring countries.

55) Web sites can be classified by purpose as represented by the term: A) matrix sites. B) international sites. C) geographic sites. D) promotion sites. E) regional sites.

56) Web sites that provide news and entertainment and support a company's PR efforts are known as: A) company site. B) transaction sites. C) promotion sites. D) content sites. E) cyber sites.

58) The choice between demonstration, slice-of-life, straight sell, and other advertising forms is a matter of: A) creative strategy. B) the advertising appeal. C) the selling proposition. D) the creative execution. E) the big idea.

60) Online bookseller Amazon.com would best be described as exemplifying which type of Web site? A) domestic focus, provider of information, support, and service B) domestic focus, emphasis on retail transactions C) global focus, provider of information, support, and service D) global focus, emphasis on retail transactions E) none of the above

61) "Shufufufu.com" is Procter & Gamble's online virtual community for women in: A) Singapore. B) China. C) India. D) Japan. E) South Korea.

64) The United States and ________ are the two top-ranked countries in terms of ad spending across all measured media. A) UK B) France C) Canada D) Japan E) Germany

66) The practice of registering a particular domain name for the express purpose of reselling it to the company that should rightfully use it is called: A) gray market. B) piracy. C) copyright violation. D) cybersquatting. E) patent violation.

68) Ideally, each country-specific site should reflect all of the following except: A) local culture. B) language usage. C) customs. D) English translations. E) aesthetic preferences.

69) In developing countries like Malaysia and Thailand, government initiatives are aimed at : A) preventing piracy. B) controlling computer usage. C) promoting Microsoft business. D) putting as many PCs as possible in the hands of ordinary citizens. E) preserve existing organizational culture

69) One task of the ________ department is to generate nonpaid forms of communication to foster goodwill among customers and others. A) sales promotion B) global marketing C) headquarters D) public relations E) advertising

71) Which of the following marketing mix elements was at the heart of the problems Ford Motor Company and Bridgestone/Firestone faced in 2000? A) pricing problems B) distribution problems C) sales promotion problems D) public relations problems E) advertising problems

72) In the summer of 1999, Coca-Cola faced a major marketing problem in Europe. Which of the following was at the heart of the problem? A) pricing problems B) advertising problems C) sales promotion problems D) public relations problems E) distribution problems

72) The United States' growing trade deficit reflects a number of factors which exclude: A) increased imports from China. B) a seemingly insatiable consumer demand for imported goods. C) the enormous cost of military operations in the Middle East. D) the services trade surplus. E) record goods sales to developing countries.

73) Japan's Fuji Photo Film asked its advertising agency to develop an advocacy campaign for the United States targeted to appeal both to Wal-Mart and to its customers. This is an example of ________ advertising. A) local advertising B) pattern advertising C) global advertising D) advocacy advertising E) image advertising

74) Broadband offers companies the telecommunication capability to do all of the following except: A) streaming audio. B) streaming video. C) streaming media. D) streaming sales. E) compressed video

74) ________ refers to some type of advantage that a company enjoys by virtue of the fact that it has experience in more than one country. A) Transferability B) Capability C) Accountability D) Leverage E) Flexibility

76) A company adopting a(n) ________ approach to worldwide PR activities gives the host-country practitioner maximum leeway to incorporate local customs and practices into the PR effort. A) ethnocentric B) regiocentric C) local D) polycentric E) publicity

79) One of the major issues in trade relations between the high- and lower-income countries is trade in: A) automobiles. B) computers. C) textiles. D) services. E) shoes.

82) The Big Mac Index shows that the price of the Big Mac in China converted from the local currency, the yuan, to be $2.18, whereas its price in the United States is $3.73. This shows that: A) the Big Mac is more popular in China than in the United States. B) the Big Mac is less expensive in the United States than in China. C) the Chinese yuan is overvalued when compared to US $. D) the Chinese yuan is undervalued against the US $. E) beef is less expensive in China than in the United States.

83) One Friday a few years ago, the Big Mac Index suggested that the yen was overvalued relative to the dollar by 70%. When currency markets opened on the following Monday, anyone using the Big Mac Index would conclude that the yen was only 20% overvalued relative to the dollar. What is the most likely explanation for this? A) Japan's Central Bank acted to prop up the yen. B) Inflation in Japan suddenly spiked upward. C) McDonald's headquarters stopped hedging. D) McDonald's Japan reduced the yen price of a Big Mac. E) McDonald's Japan increased the yen price of a Big Mac.

87) McDonald's has been in many country markets long enough that a new generation of consumers has grown up with McDonald's and are not aware of the company's U.S. origins. On the basis of this summary, what is the highest stage of corporate development that McDonald's arguably has achieved? A) international B) multinational C) global D) transnational E) myopic

11) Traditionally economists identified main types of economic systems, which include all of the following except: A) market capitalism. B) market socialism. C) centrally planned socialism. D) centrally planned capitalism. E) centrally planned nationalism.

18) Singapore banned the import, manufacture, and sales of chewing gum in the country since wads of gum were making a mess on sidewalks, buses, and subway trains. Violators are subject to severe penalties, and before buying a pack consumers must register their names and addresses. This, according to author William Greider, demonstrates that Singapore's government: A) is harshly autocratic. B) administers a paranoid control over Singaporeans. C) administers a paranoid control over press and politics. D) runs an effective welfare state. E) all of the above

27) The big emerging markets (BEMs), include A) Indonesia, South Korea, & Brazil Mexico. B) Argentina, South Africa, and Turkey. C) China, India, and South Korea. D) Brazil, South Africa, and Turkey. E) Brazil, Russia, and China.

33) Among the upper-middle-income countries, also known as industrializing or developing countries, the following aspects are observed except: A) the CNI capita ranges from $4,126 to $12,475. B) the percentage of the population engaged in agriculture drops sharply. C) people move to the industrial sector. D) the degree of urbanization increases. E) none of the above

34) The general characteristics shared by low-income countries do not include: A) high birth rates. B) low literacy rates. C) concentration in Africa south of the Sahara. D) heavy reliance on foreign aid. E) lack of genuine market opportunities.

35) All of the following facts pertain to Brazil except: A) It is the largest country in Latin America. B) It boasts the richest reserves of natural resources in the hemisphere. C) It's top trading partner is China. D) It's GNI has grown at an average annual rate of 4 percent over the past 8 years. E) It lacks logistics software, horse-drawn carts are still a common sight on many roads.

36) All of the following facts pertain to China except: A) China is in the upper-middle-income category. B) China is the largest single destination for foreign investment in the developing world. C) China is a member of the World Trade Organization. D) China has sprawling bureaucracy. E) China has intellectual property rights.

39) The United Nations designates 50 countries in the bottom ranks of the low-income category named as: A) Low-income countries. B) Lower-middle-income countries. C) BRIC countries. D) Developing countries. E) LDCs (least-developed countries).

42) All of the following correctly states McDonald's approach to standardization and adaptation of the marketing mix except: A) McDonald's standardizes some product elements and adapts others. B) McDonald's standardizes some place elements and adapts others. C) McDonald's standardizes some promotion elements and adapts others. D) McDonald's standardizes some price elements and adapts others. E) McDonald's standardizes all product elements

43) Nike produces only a small portion of its output in China, but when the firm refers to China as a "two-billion-foot market," it is referring to the fact that: A) the Chinese do not wear shoes. B) the Chinese shoe market is very competitive. C) China can develop its own shoe market. D) it will take a long time for China to develop future market. E) China is a potential future market.

44) A company that successfully creates standardized global advertising can reap which potential advantage? A) economies of scale B) improved access to distribution channels C) "first mover" status in uncovering global market D) creative leverage E) all of the above

44) According to the authors of the Harvard Business Review article, "Serving the World's Poor, Profitably," which of the following is a mistaken assumption that global companies might have about the BOP (bottom of the pyramid)? A) The poor have no money. B) The poor are too concerned with fulfilling basic needs to "waste" money on nonessential goods. C) People in BOP markets will be criticized for exploiting the poor. D) People in BOP markets cannot use advanced technology. E) All of the above are mistaken assumptions discussed by the authors.

46) Which of the following pioneers of the digital revolution developed URL, http, and HTML thus paving the way for the World Wide Web? A) Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby B) Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry C) Vint Serf and Bob Kahn D) Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak E) Tim Berners-Lee

48) A company's efforts to effectively communicate with customers may be hindered if the message: A) does not reach the intended recipient. B) reaches the intended recipient but is misunderstood. C) reaches the intended recipient and is understood but the recipient may fail to take action. D) is distorted by noise. E) all of the above

49) The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is comprised of: A) the 34 high-income countries. B) countries that believe in market-allocation economic systems. C) pluralistic democracies. D) countries that demonstrate progress toward economic reform. E) All of the above statements are applicable.

50) In the language of global marketing, ________ is the phrase used to describe advertising that represents a middle ground between 100% standardization and 100% localization: A) "stereotype advertising" B) "template advertising" C) "cookie-cutter advertising" D) "compromise advertising" E) "pattern advertising"

50) The term "Expanded Triad" includes all of the following countries or regions except: A) Japan. B) United States. C) Canada. D) Mexico. E) Russia.

50) Which of the following is one of Clayton Christensen's principles of disruptive innovation? A) Companies depend on customers for resources. B) Small markets don't satisfy the growth needs of large companies. C) Markets that don't exist can't be analyzed. D) Technology supply may not equal market demand. E) all of the above

51) The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has become more focused on global issues, social policy, and labor market regulations as seen by: A) addressing the vexing problem of bribery. B) requiring members to cooperate when pursuing bribery allegations. C) helping members candidly assess their own economic policies. D) member nations working together in committees to review social policies. E) all of the above

52) In selecting an advertising agency, all but one of the following issues should be taken into consideration. A) company organization B) national responsiveness C) area coverage D) buyer perception E) franchise or company owned status

53) Today, the success of Honda and Toyota in world markets is primarily due to: A) exporting cars from factories in Japan. B) reporting cars are made in the USA. C) exporting cars from Japan to European countries. D) assembling cars in Japan and Europe. E) manufacturing cars in the Americas, Asia, and Europe.

53) Which of the following statements is not accurate? A) India's teledensity-a measure of ownership of private telephones-is only 20% of population. B) In China, saturation levels of private motor vehicles and personal computers (PCs) are quite low. C) In 2001, EU had 49 cars per 100 people. D) In Russia, 200 people out of 1,000 own cars. E) In India, 150 people out of 1,000 own cars.

56) According to the Fortune magazine's ranking of the global 500 companies for 2014, the largest corporation based on revenues is: A) Exxon Corporation. B) Toyota Motors. C) Royal Dutch Shell. D) General Electric. E) Walmart stores.

63) Visitors to the Web sites for the following company are not given the opportunity to buy. A) Prada B) Gucci C) Burberry D) Godin E) all of the above

65) Which of the following is a critical issue for a company whose management intends to engage in e-commerce? A) privacy B) credit card fraud in developing countries C) ensuring that logos and other brand identity elements are consistent with local preferences D) ensuring a company's ASCII system supports a particular language E) all of the above

67) Transnational companies, such as Toyota and Honda, have characteristic features that include: A) being in both global markets and utilizing global supply chains. B) characterized by a mind-set of being "stateless." C) using both localized and standardized elements in marketing programs. D) decisions made on the basis of ongoing research. E) all of the above.

68) A key factor that distinguishes transnational companies from international companies is their ________ for the marketing program. A) use of localized elements B) use of extension elements C) needs assessment D) domestic research E) mind-set

70) A number of multilateral trade agreements have accelerated the pace of global integration which include: A) NAFTA. B) GATT. C) WTO. D) EU. E) all of the above

71) Which of the following is not a product or service offered by Microsoft? A) operating systems (OS) B) software applications C) Web browser D) digital media player E) free open source software

72) A broadband communication system is one that has sufficient capacity to carry simultaneously which of the following? A) multiple voice B) data C) video D) music E) all of the above

73) As a result of the digital revolution, a variety of companies in all parts of the world are developing a new generation of products, services, and technologies; which include all of the following except: A) broadband network. B) mobile commerce. C) wireless connectivity. D) smart cell phones. E) land line connectivity.

75) Some globalization strategies do not yield the expected results as evidenced by the: A) acquiring of majority stake in Nissan Motor by Peugeot Citroen. B) leverage resulting from scale economies. C) leverage resulting from manufacturing. D) larger scale improvement of quality. E) unravelling of the DaimlerChrysler merger.

75) Streaming media represents a huge market opportunity for all of the following except: A) video game industry. B) online gaming. C) game publishers. D) Internet portals. E) telematics.

77) Even in the face of such tough and growing competition, Adidas still enjoys high brand loyalty among older Europeans. The company recruits young people and pays them to wear Adidas shoes in public. This is an example of: A) local advertising. B) pattern advertising. C) global advertising. D) advocacy advertising. E) image advertising.

78) The fastest-growing sector of world trade includes: A) travel and entertainment. B) accounting and legal services. C) royalties and license fees. D) engineering services. E) all of the above

80) In developing countries, such as Ghana, the best way to communicate with market segments may be through: A) mass media. B) written word. C) magazine ads. D) TV ads. E) dance, songs, and storytelling.

80) Songs that the caller hears when he or she places a call to another mobile subscriber is referred to as: A) ring tones. B) true tones. C) real tones. D) master tones. E) ring back tones.

85) Porsche relies on currency hedging rather than price increases in order to: A) boost pretax profits on sales of its automobiles. B) balance the relative value of the dollar compared to the euro. C) protect all earnings from foreign-exchange movements. D) generate about 45% of its sales in the United States. E) A, B, and C

10) When one of the parties to a barter transaction is not willing to accept the goods included in the transaction, that party is likely to utilize the services of a: A) switch trader. B) Foreign Trade Organization. C) Foreign Sales Corporation. D) Mittelstand owner. E) broker.

100) Saab markets two luxury car models, both prized by drivers for their "quirkiness." About 30 percent of Saab's sales come from the USA, with most of the rest from Western Europe. Which strategy does Saab appear to be using? A) country concentration/market segment concentration B) country diversification/market segment concentration C) country concentration/market segment diversification D) country diversification/market segment diversification E) none of the above

13) In China, Dell had to find a meaningful interpretation of "direct sales." A literal translation results in zhi xiao which is the Chinese term for "illegal pyramid marketing schemes." To counteract the negative connotation, Dell's sales representatives began using the phrase zhi xiao ding gou, which translates as: A) direct orders. B) direct marketing. C) pyramid orders. D) pyramid scheme. E) direct shipping.

14) A Canadian-built Caterpillar grader tractor imported into Chile would not be subject to duty because: A) Chile and Canada established an FTA. B) tractors made in Canada are more durable. C) tractors made in Canada do not require certification. D) locally made tractors are more expensive in Chile.

15) A global segment is referred to as "global teens" which includes: A) people between the ages of 12 and 19. B) affluent, well-traveled persons. C) young, global travelers. D) technology professionals. E) persons having power.

16) A global segment is referred to as "global teens" which includes: A) people with shared interest in fashions. B) affluent, well-traveled persons. C) movie stars. D) technology professionals. E) persons having power.

2) Suppose you have a friend from India who is a lifelong vegetarian and who does not like McDonald's because the company sells hamburgers in many countries. Which of the following describes your friend? A) "vegetarianism" represents a value, "dislike McDonald's" represents an attitude B) "vegetarianism" represents an attitude, "dislike McDonald's" represents a value C) "vegetarianism" and "dislike McDonald's" both represent an attitude D) "vegetarianism" represents a value, "dislike McDonald's" represents a belief E) "vegetarianism" and "dislike McDonald's" both represent values

23) When Sony introduced the first consumer VCRs in the 1970s, the retail price exceeded $1,000. Within a few years, the price dropped well below $500. This is an example of: A) skimming strategy. B) penetration strategy. C) cost-based strategy. D) price ceiling strategy. E) transfer pricing strategy.

23) ________ is gaining a reputation as a manufacturing center as well as the world's number one producer of flat-screen TV sets. A) Mexico B) Canada C) Brazil D) Panama E) Argentina

24) Custom unions or a common market does not create a free trade area as compared to NAFTA due to: A) no common external tariffs. B) decreased production costs. C) reduced competition. D) ease of exporting commodities. E) creation of a continental demand.

26) What type of international disputes would be taken before the International Court of Justice? A) disputes between two nations B) disputes between two companies C) disputes between a company and a nation D) disputes between a citizen of one country and a company from a different country E) disputes between profit and non-profit organizations

28) Example of a "brand symbol" includes all of the following except: A) date of manufacture on Coca-Cola cans. B) the wave that appears on red Coke cans and bottle labels. C) non-word marks such as the Nike swoosh. D) three-pronged Mercedes star. E) McDonald's golden arches.

3) Any company doing business outside the home country should first carefully study the ________ in the target country. A) political culture B) nationalization C) political risk D) jurisdiction E) sovereignty

30) British entrepreneur Richard Branson has built a global business empire by: A) relying on brand extension. B) being the first to use smart cards in major markets. C) developing local brands. D) avoiding consumer businesses with established leaders. E) restricting the "Virgin" name only to airlines.

30) In West Africa, Burkina Faso, the Ivory Coast and Senegal are former French colonies, while Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Ghana are former British colonies. Based on this information, which of the following would be correct? A) Burkina Faso, the Ivory Coast and Senegal are civil-code countries, while Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Ghana are common-law countries. B) Burkina Faso, the Ivory Coast and Senegal are common-law countries, while Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Ghana are civil-code countries. C) West Africa, the Ivory Coast and Senegal are the only common-law countries. D) All the West African nations mentioned are likely to be civil-code countries. E) All the West African nations mentioned are likely to be common-law countries.

33) Maslow's hierarchy is applicable to global marketing because it can help explain how: A) basic human needs can drive the development of global products. B) "self-actualization" is the highest-order need in Japan as well as Western nations. C) status needs in different countries can only be fulfilled with localized products. D) "luxury badging" is irrelevant to companies marketing in Asia. E) Asians differ from Westerners in their basic physiological needs.

33) Which of the following lists some of the steps in the market research process in the correct order? A) determine information requirement→problem definition→choose unit of analysis→examine data availability→assess value of research B) problem definition→assess value of research→determine information requirement→choose unit of analysis→examine data availability C) examine data availability→problem definition→choose unit of analysis→assess value of research→determine information requirement D) choose unit of analysis→assess value of research→problem definition→determine information requirement→examine data availability E) examine data availability→assess the value of research→problem definition→presentation

35) Comparing the traditional formulation of Maslow's hierarchy with the results of current research on the consumer needs and motivation in Asia, which of the following is correct? A) The lowest two levels of the hierarchy are the same in the traditional and Asian versions. B) The lowest three levels of the hierarchy are the same in the traditional and Asian versions. C) The lowest four levels of the hierarchy are the same in the traditional and Asian versions. D) The five levels in the traditional formulation apply equally in the West and in Asia. E) The highest levels of the hierarchy are the same in the traditional and Asian versions.

36) One of the most exciting projects in the Central American region in 2014 was: A) the enlargement of the Panama Canal. B) Central America's effort to revive its common market. C) the five original members' decision to reestablish the CACM. D) the establishment of Guatemala as region's headquarter. E) the Free Trade Agreement with the United States.

37) The U.S. government's most comprehensive source of world trade data is: A) National Trade Data Base (NTDB). B) Census Bureau. C) Bureau of Economic Analysis. D) Eurostat. E) Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

38) According to the Global Market Research Reports, data for Chinese markets are available for: A) cosmetics. B) online music. C) whiskies. D) luxury goods. E) pharmaceutical.

4) Coca-Cola Company's global marketing leadership position is based in part on its ability to put Coke "within an arm's reach of desire"; in other words, it is the ability to create: A) place utility. B) time utility. C) form utility. D) information utility. E) all of the above

40) In a recent case, Revlon sued United Overseas Limited (UOL) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York for breach of contract. UOL countered by asking the court to dismiss the claim since they are not operating in that area. Revlon cited the presence of a UOL sign above the entrance to the offices of a New York company in which UOL had a 50-percent ownership. The court dismissed UOL's claim. This is an issue related to : A) jurisdiction. B) antitrust. C) dilution of equity. D) bribery and corruption. E) intellectual property.

41) A formal legal document that gives an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, and sell an invention for a specified period of time is known as a: A) patent. B) copyright. C) trademark. D) trade secret. E) trade dress.

42) Engineers at a company in a developing country study an American computer chip design, copy it, and produce identical chips that are then sold to local computer makers. What form of intellectual property has been wrongly appropriated? A) patent B) copyright C) trademark D) trade secrets E) technological

42) Ford and Mazda have market entry and expansion in a relationship known as: A) joint venture. B) licensorship. C) franchising. D) contract manufacturing. E) none of the above

42) Which of the following is not identified by Porter as one of the possible types of barriers to entry in an industry? A) loose bricks B) switching costs C) economies of scale D) product differentiation E) access to distribution channels

43) In the tech world, about 90 percent of the world's nearly one billion PCs run on Microsoft's operating systems and 80 percent use Intel's microprocessors. This represents which aspect of the Porter's five forces model? A) bargaining power of suppliers B) bargaining power of buyers C) threat of substitute products D) rivalry among competitors E) threat of new entrants

44) "Organized retail" is a term used to describe: A) modern chain stores. B) grocery stores. C) local retail chains. D) supermarkets. E) hypermarkets.

44) In 2001, Compaq Computer CEO Michael Capellas announced that his company would concentrate on selling software and services instead of hardware. Suppose WorldCorp passes up the chance to buy software from Compaq because it has been a long time customer of IBM. As described here, WorldCorp's decision is based on: A) economies of scale. B) switching costs. C) loose bricks. D) access to distribution channels. E) product differentiations.

44) Which promotional technique is best suited to a situation in which a company wants consumers to actually try its product or service at no cost? A) sampling B) sweepstakes C) couponing D) free-standing inserts E) personal selling

45) "Nakumatt" is a supermarket chain in: A) Kenya. B) India. C) Japan. D) Korea. E) Indonesia.

45) Insisting on competitive bidding can cause complications in: A) low-context cultures B) high-context cultures. C) low and high context cultures. D) Korean cultures. E) Japanese cultures.

45) Jaguar produced so few cars that it couldn't get volume discounts from components suppliers. Jaguar managers sometimes could not even determine the "fair" price for a particular part. In terms of Porter's competitive forces framework, Jaguar's strategic disadvantage stemmed from low: A) buyer power. B) supplier power. C) threat of new entrants. D) threat of substitute products. E) access to distribution channels.

46) A box of Crest toothpaste contains a coupon entitling the buyer to save 50 cents when purchasing a Crest toothbrush. What type of sales promotion does this represent? A) cross coupon B) product placement coupon C) trade promotion coupon D) free-standing coupon E) on-line coupon

46) Lawyers are more important in: A) low-context cultures. B) high-context cultures. C) Indian cultures. D) Korean cultures. E) Japanese cultures.

46) The decision by Toyota executives to introduce the Sienna minivan in the U.S. market was based on their study of a(n) ________ market. A) existing B) latent C) parallel D) incipient E) global

46) The sale of merchandise in export markets at unfair prices is known as: A) dumping. B) countervailing. C) tariff. D) ad valorem. E) transaction.

46) Wal-Mart refuses to stock CDs bearing parental advisory stickers for explicit lyrics or violent imagery. Recording artists who want their recordings available at Wal-Mart have the option of altering lyrics and song titles or deleting offending tracks. Likewise, artists are sometimes asked to change album cover art if Wal-Mart deems it offensive. Considering the elements of the five forces model this is an example of: A) buyer power. B) supplier power. C) threat of new entrants. D) threat of substitute products. E) access to distribution channels.

47) Consumers in the United States redeem approximately what percentage of coupons issued each year? A) less than 5 percent B) 10-15 percent C) 25-30 percent D) 45-50 percent E) more than 60 percent

47) Suppose you are a sales representative for Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) in Japan. You are trying to convince Toshiba to buy your company's superfast Opteron microprocessor for its new laptop computer. Toshiba's representative seems interested, but finally does not place an order. Confidentially, the representative tells you that he is afraid that Intel will withhold shipments of its Pentium 4 if he does business with AMD. Thinking about Intel's role in this scenario, which of the following element of the five forces model is evident here? A) barriers to entry B) bargaining power of suppliers C) bargaining power of buyers D) threat of substitute products E) threat of new entrants

47) When the seller has agreed to deliver the goods to the buyer at the place the buyer names in the country of import, with all costs, including duties paid is referred to as: A) DDP. B) FCA. C) FAS. D) FOB. E) CIF.

47) Which of the following does not qualify as a "category killer?" A) Victoria's Secret B) IKEA C) Home Depot D) Circuit City E) Toys "R" Us

49) Companies such as Caterpillar have been unable to protect critical innovations in Japan because:. A) products very similar to those made by U.S. companies can be patented without fear of infringement. B) the Japanese government enforces strict control over infringement rights for security reasons. C) inventions that are based on software can be easily downloaded. D) U.S. patent laws now harmonize with those in the EU as well as Japan. E) patents in Japan are broader than those in the United States.

49) Francisco Martínez is CFO of Comercial Mexicana SA, a retail chain in Mexico. Commenting on Wal-Mart's entry into Mexico, Mr. Martínez notes, "I buy 20,000 plastic toys, and Wal-Mart buys 20 million. Who do you think gets them cheaper?" Which strategic principles are evident in this comment? A) Wal-Mart's buyer power and cost leadership B) Wal-Mart's barriers to entry and differentiation C) Wal-Mart's loose bricks and switching costs D) Wal-Mart's focused differentiation and supplier power E) Wal-Mart's discount policies for customers

5) Coca-Cola's distinctive contour bottle, which is sold in many countries, illustrates the point that packaging: A) strategies can vary by country and region. B) helps in storing large sizes in refrigerators. C) strategies do not change by country and region. D) appeals only to Asian consumers. E) helps in brand identification.

5) Global marketing authority, Theodore Levitt, has noted that many ethnic and regional foods-sushi, for example-are enjoying popularity in many countries of the world. This observation is known as the: A) pluralization of consumption. B) ethnicitization of consumption. C) democratization of consumption. D) sophistication of consumption. E) domestication of consumption.

5) The direct exchange of goods or services between parties in lieu of monetary payment is known as: A) barter. B) switch trading. C) offset. D) compensation trading. E) counterpurchase.

51) When a trained person is recording the items selected in a grocery cart or basket, the research method is known as: A) observation. B) survey research. C) focus study. D) secondary data collection. E) personal interviews.

51) Which of the following is not a step in the strategic/consultative selling model? A) develop a marketing mix B) develop a personal selling philosophy C) develop a product strategy D) develop a relationship strategy E) develop a presentation strategy

52) According to Hofstede, a cultural dimension which describes a society in which the social roles of men and women overlap, with neither gender exhibiting overly ambitious or competitive behavior is known as: A) nurturing B) individualistic C) collectivistic D) power distance E) achievement

52) Building a prospect base is typically part of which step of the strategic/consultative selling model? A) development of a customer strategy B) development of a personal selling philosophy C) development of a product strategy D) development of a relationship strategy E) development of a presentation strategy

52) Which one of the ASEAN members has the World's second-largest container port? A) Singapore B) Thailand C) India D) Philippines E) Brunei

54) In July 2001, the euro's value relative to the dollar was about €1.00 = $0.85. By November 2009, the euro had strengthened to €1.00 = $1.48. In February 2012, one euro was equal to $1.33 and in August 2015 €1.00 = $0.99 All other things being equal, if a European-based global company wants to preserve margins for goods exported to the U.S. market, the company should: A) raise prices in dollars. B) switch to cost-based pricing. C) adopt a policy of market penetration pricing. D) reduce prices in dollars. E) use skimming pricing.

54) When the Coca-Cola Company convened focus groups in Europe and Asia to assess potential market acceptance of a contoured aluminum soft drink can, it was attempting to collect ________ data. A) primary B) secondary C) incipient D) quantitative E) MIS

55) A company with a polycentric orientation is likely to employ host-country nationals in all but which of the following selling situations? A) selling high-tech products in developed countries B) selling high-tech products in less-developed countries C) selling low-tech products in developed countries D) selling low-tech products in less-developed countries E) none of the above

55) Which of the following statements is correct? A) The Paris Convention protects patents, the Berne Convention protects copyrights. B) The Paris Convention protects copyrights, the Berne Convention protects patents. C) The Berne Convention and Paris Convention are different names for the same thing. D) Neither the Berne Convention nor the Paris Convention is concerned with intellectual property. E) The International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Property is different from the Berne Convention.

56) An example of a trap that marketers can set for themselves while targeting a foreign market is to: A) overstate the size and short-term attractiveness of individual country markets. B) realize that short-term profit and revenue growth objectives may be hard to achieve. C) restrain from being persistent to enter a country market. D) ignore shareholders' or competitors' pressure not to "miss out" on a strategic opportunity. E) enter a market based on time-consuming rigorous market analysis.

56) Which of the following correctly characterizes the retailing strategy of Benetton, IKEA, and Gap? A) few product categories, own-label focus B) few product categories, manufacturer brand focus C) many product categories, own-label focus D) many product categories, manufacturer brand focus E) none of the above

56) Which type of sales person is best suited to selling technologically-sophisticated products in developed countries? A) expatriates B) third-country nationals C) host-country nationals D) agents of any nationality E) none of the above

57) In Mexico City, only 55-60% of the population owns a telephone. The number drops to less than 50% in Guadalajara and Monterey, and 35% or lower in other cities. This will complicate the task of market researchers hoping to use a telephone survey to obtain a ________ of the Mexican population. A) probability sample B) convenience sample C) secondary sample D) focus group sample E) quota sample

57) Where in the axis that differentiates between retailers does IKEA fall? A) quadrant A B) quadrant B C) quadrant C D) quadrant D E) quadrant E

57) Which of the following is an advantage of using an expatriate sales force? A) superior product and company knowledge B) headquarters can maintain greater control C) those achieving success abroad gain valuable experience that can enhance promotion prospects D) can be trained for promotion E) all of the above are advantages

58) The key to maintaining competitive advantage, according to Dr. W.E. Deming as well as your textbook authors, is: A) being committed to constant improvement. B) being first to market with all products. C) outsourcing key components. D) challenging all market leaders. E) stressing low price advantage in all areas.

58) When a company must decide on the composition of its foreign sales force, which alternative is generally the most expensive? A) expatriates B) third-country nationals C) host-country nationals D) agents of any nationality E) agents of host-country

6) Considering Hofstede's notion of culture as "the collective programming of the mind," then attitudes can be defined as: A) a learned tendency to respond in a consistent way to a given object or entity. B) an organized pattern of knowledge that an individual holds to be true about the world. C) an enduring belief or feeling of a specific mode of conduct. D) a personally or socially preferable mode of conduct. E) the deepest level of a culture present in the majority of the members of a particular culture.

6) The marketers of Corona beer achieved great success in the U.S. market by: A) retaining the bottle design originally used in Mexico. B) hiring Hispanic movie stars as endorsers. C) distributing Corona in returnable bottles. D) changing the brewing recipe to conform to American palates. E) having the label in Spanish.

6) Which of the following forms of countertrade does not require use of money or credit between parties? A) barter B) switch trading C) offset D) compensation trading E) none of the above

6) Which of the following most accurately describes the relative length of consumer and industrial distribution channels? A) Consumer channels tend to be longer (consist of more intermediaries) than industrial channels. B) Industrial channels tend to be longer (consist of more intermediaries) than consumer channels. C) Both consumer and industrial channels tend to be long (consist of several intermediaries). D) Both consumer and industrial channels tend to be short (consist of few intermediaries). E) Consumer channels tend to be shorter (consist of few intermediaries) than the industrial channels.

60) A proposed merger between two Swiss-based global pharmaceutical companies, Ciba-Geigy AG and Sandoz AG, would be subject to review by regulators from which of the following? A) European Commission B) UN Conference on International Trade Law C) International Chamber of Commerce D) International Court of Justice E) none of the above

60) When British entrepreneur Richard Branson established the first Virgin Megastore in France, he invested a great deal of money to develop a retail space on the famous Champs-Elysées. Judging by the approach Branson used, he and his management team must have viewed France as: A) culturally close and easy to enter. B) culturally distant and easy to enter. C) culturally close and difficult to enter. D) culturally distant and difficult to enter. E) culturally difficult and easy to enter.

60) Which of the following could hinder the success of products labeled "Made in Bangladesh" or "Made in Thailand" in export markets? A) negative country-of-origin bias B) no possible quality/price positioning C) low acceptance of private brands D) lack of promotion in global markets E) high product saturation levels in global markets

62) Which of the following is not characteristic of direct marketing? A) A marketer relinquishes control of product when it is turned over to channel intermediaries. B) Advertising serves to generate an immediate inquiry or purchase. C) Repetition is used in individual advertisements. D) The customer experiences high perceived risk. E) Direct response advertising is used.

63) OPEC can be considered as a "cartel" which is a group of separate companies that collectively: A) sets prices, controls output, or takes other actions to maximize profits. B) dictates how other countries should use their products. C) produces more products in order to beat the competition. D) conducts activities that are considered illegal in the United States. E) works on forming a union against management of other companies.

63) Saks Fifth Avenue has ________ stores in the Middle East. A) licensed B) organic C) franchise D) joint venture E) own-label focus

63) Which of the following is not characteristic of mass marketing? A) Product benefits do not typically include home delivery. B) Advertising is used to generate an immediate inquiry or purchase. C) Repetition of ads is the key to awareness and remembering. D) The customer perceives relatively little risk. E) Purchase action is deferred.

64) A variety of environmental factors have combined to push retailers out of their home markets in search of opportunities around the globe. All of the following reasons are responsible for such a move except: A) saturation of the home-country market. B) a recession in the home-country. C) strict regulation on store development. D) high operating costs. E) high population growth.

65) An approach to competitive advantage that exploits weaknesses in competitors' narrow-focus strategies is called a ________ strategy. A) loose bricks B) collaboration C) layers of advantage D) supplier power E) generic

66) Suppose a company selling in various country markets makes statements such as "we know what the customer wants, and he or she will have to pay for it." This is an indication of a(n) ________ approach to setting prices. A) ethnocentric B) polycentric C) regiocentric D) geocentric E) adaptation

66) The introduction of the euro by EU resulted in multifaceted advantages which include: A) elimination of costs associated with currency conversion. B) fixed exchange rate worldwide. C) elimination of paper currency and coins. D) withdrawal of French Francs from circulation. E) a choice for using local or European currency.

66) Which country or region offers direct marketers the advantage of a well-developed mailing list industry? A) United States B) Japan C) Western Europe D) Latin America E) South Korea

67) All of the listed advantages are for "extension or ethnocentric" pricing strategy except: A) it does not respond to the competitive and market conditions of each national market. B) it calls for the per-unit price of an item to be the same all over the world. C) it is extremely simple since it does not require information on market condition. D) it does not require competitive conditions for implementation. E) the importer must absorb freight and import duties.

68) If company managers decide to set the export price for a particular product at an amount equivalent to the home-country price (Mức giá tương đương), they would be using which approach to pricing? A) ethnocentric B) polycentric C) regiocentric D) geocentric E) extension pricing

68) Which of the following can be referred to as a "buyer for export" or an "export commission house" and operates on behalf of a buyer from a foreign country? A) foreign purchasing agent B) export broker C) export merchant D) export management company E) freight forwarder

69) In the 1950s, Sony licensed the technology for the transistor from Bell Labs and proceeded to become the world's leading manufacturer of portable radios. Which strategy was Sony using to gain competitive advantage? A) collaboration B) layers of advantage C) changing the rules D) loose bricks E) engagement

70) According to Michael Porter's research on the competitive advantage of nations, human, physical, knowledge, capital, and infrastructure resources are all components of a country's: A) factor conditions. B) demand conditions. C) strategy, structure, and rivalry. D) related and supporting industries. E) global conditions

73) To speed adoption of a new product, a marketing team should: A) ensure that features and benefits can be communicated or demonstrated. B) design the maximum amount of complexity into the product. C) discourage limited use on a "trial" basis. D) attempt to make a clean break with existing customer values. E) rely heavily on word-of-mouth marketing.

74) Interactive television (ITV) allows viewers to see the ad in its entirety by pressing a remote button; to order products from home-shopping channels; or choose different camera angles, such as in sports events. Comments by James Pennefather, brand manager for Smirnoff, UK, based on comparison of traditional TV ads to ITV features included all of the following except: A) "it is an innovation of the century." B) "it is a lot more unproven." C) "it needs further testing." D) "it is a calculated risk." E) "it may or may not succeed."

75) In the global watch industry, the success of the Swatch brand resulted in a manufacturing renaissance for Switzerland. In the strategic framework known as hypercompetition, Swatch's success is an example of interactions in which arena: A) cost/quality. B) timing and know how. C) entry barriers. D) deep pockets. E) sporting events.

76) "Successful GSPs create win-win situations, where participants pursue objectives on the basis of mutual advantage." When applied to global strategic partnerships, this statement indicates the importance of which factor? A) mission B) strategy C) governance D) culture E) organization

76) Together, innovators and early adopters make up about ________ of the potential market for a new product. A) 16% B) 26% C) 34% D) 46% E) 12%

77) According to a 1991 report by McKinsey & Co., problems of alliances between Western and Japanese firms were related to all of the following factors except: A) objective levels of performance. B) a feeling of mutual disillusionment. C) difference in expectations. D) balance between partners. E) frictional loss.

77) According to strategy expert Richard D'Aveni, the actions taken by Swatch in the global watch industry illustrate hypercompetitive dynamic maneuvering in which arena? A) cost/quality B) timing and know-how C) entry barriers D) deep pockets E) olympics

82) Which of the following offers a company the best assurance of being paid for exported goods? A) a letter of credit B) a "piggyback" arrangement C) a swap D) an in-house export organization E) a certified check

83) The international standard by which letters of credit (L/Cs) are interpreted is known as the ________ 500. A) UCP B) NTR C) FSC D) NTB E) HTS

84) Which of the following documents represents title to goods in an export transaction? A) bill of lading B) invoice C) packing list D) certificate of origin E) insurance certificates

85) Which of the following is arranged starting with the highest level of environmental sensitivity and ending with the lowest level? A) food→computers→integrated circuits B) integrated circuits→food→computers C) integrated circuits→computers→food D) computers→food→integrated circuits E) none of the above

86) The ________ the level of environmental sensitivity for a given product, the ________ the need for managers to address country-specific economic, regulatory, technological, social, and cultural environmental conditions. A) greater; greater B) lower; greater C) greater; lower D) lower; lower E) stronger; greater

9) One challenge of using CRM is: A) integrating data into customer relationship. B) knowing amount paid by consumers in different countries. C) understanding which customers are most valuable. D) assessing the use of credit cards for payment. E) knowing the use of laptop computers by customers.

90) Italy recently introduced the Reguzzoni-Versace Law which is intended to regulate trade in textiles, leather, and footwear. All of the following statements pertaining to the law are correct except: A) at least four stages of production should occur in Italy for the product to be labeled as "Made in Italy." B) the countries in which the remaining production stages took place must be identified. C) Brussels objected on grounds that the law conflicts with restrictions provided by the European Union. D) EU regulators view the law as "protectionist." E) the law is more stringent than the existing laws where only one production stage has to occur in the country of origin.

91) "Containerization" refers to a company's: A) designing attractive product packaging that will help a product "sell itself." B) use of computer technology to keep a lid on ("contain") distribution costs. C) use of refrigerated warehouses for perishable products. D) use of standard-sized shipping boxes that can be transported in various ways. E) method of shipment by using oval size steel containers to fit different commodities.

91) When introduced in the late 1970s, the VCR created new patterns of consumer behavior. For example, assuming the user could learn to set the timer, he or she could tape programs to watch at a later time. DVD, a playback only video system, was introduced in the late 1990s. DVD discs contain full-length movies with digital sound in a format that resembles conventional music compact discs. Which of the following most accurately describes the respective degree of newness of these two global products? A) The VCR is a discontinuous innovation; the DVD is a dynamically continuous innovation. B) The VCR is a dynamically continuous innovation; the DVD is a discontinuous innovation. C) The VCR and DVD are both dynamically continuous innovations. D) The VCR and DVD are both discontinuous innovations. E) The VCR and DVD are both continuous innovations.

93) A French winery packs its wine in a 40-foot container that is trucked to a port and then loaded onto an ocean-going vessel. This is an example of: A) intermodal transportation. B) inventory control. C) hypermarketing. D) "cherry picking" a product. E) containerization.

93) Which of the following is true about Japanese keiretsu? A) Toyota is a vertical keiretsu, Mitsubishi is a horizontal keiretsu. B) Toyota is a horizontal keiretsu, Mitsubishi is a vertical keiretsu. C) Toyota and Mitsubishi are both horizontal keiretsu. D) Toyota and Mitsubishi are both vertical keiretsu. E) none of the above

94) A freighter loaded with 40-foot shipping containers leaves a port in Europe and sails to New York, where the containers are transferred to railroad cars and transported to the west coast. At the port of San Francisco, the containers are loaded onto another freighter bound for Japan. The term that best describes this situation is: A) intermodal transportation. B) inventory management. C) greenfield investment. D) hypermarketing. E) containerization.

94) Some of Body Shop's recent advertising has emphasized the difference between the company's principles and those of "mainstream" cosmetics companies on such issues as animal testing. As described here, Body Shop's ads illustrate positioning by: A) competition. B) niche. C) quality/price. D) attribute/benefit. E) culture.

94) ________ is derived from the price required to be competitive in the global marketplace. A) Market-based transfer price B) Cost-based transfer price C) Negotiated transfer price D) Horizontal price E) Vertical price

95) Procter & Gamble recently introduced Pampers Rash Guard. Rash Guard does not represent a new product per se; rather, the diapers are being marketed as an alternative to regular Pampers. What type of innovation do Pampers Rash Guard diapers represent? A) a continuous innovation B) a dynamically continuous innovation C) a discontinuous innovation D) a platform-based innovation E) none of the above

96) Consumers shopping for high-touch products, such as fine perfume, are generally energized by ________ motives. A) emotional B) rational C) both emotional and rational D) neither emotional nor rational E) high-tech

1) Which of the following companies would be most likely to use some form of countertrade when selling its products in developing countries? A) Procter & Gamble B) Bell Helicopter Textron C) Nokia D) Mercedes-Benz E) Coca-Cola

10) After Fidel Castro took power in Cuba in 1959, his government seized control of American property without paying compensation. Coca-Cola, DuPont, Texaco, and dozens of other American companies have filed claims against Cuba seeking financial settlements. Which of the following terms most specifically describes the action Castro took against these companies? A) nationalization B) confiscation C) expropriation D) internationalization E) deportation

10) Packaging aesthetics are particularly important to the ________ consumer. A) Indian B) Japanese C) French D) German E) American

10) Tupperware is considered as an aspirational brand that represents "moving up" in life in: A) Romania. B) Indonesia. C) China. D) Russia. E) India.

100) The strategy that identifies a brand as a symbol of a particular global segment is known as: A) foreign consumer culture positioning. B) global consumer culture positioning. C) local consumer culture positioning. D) global market positioning. E) demographic market positioning.

102) Governmental actions that discourage imports and block markets include all of the following except: A) tariffs. B) free trade zones C) subsidies. D) tax incentives. E) duties.

104) In an effort to attract assembly operations, Brazil allows certain product components to be imported at reduced tariff rates. This is an example of: A) offsets. B) preferential tariffs. C) the effect of the Customs Valuation Code. D) an EMC. E) discriminatory procurement.

108) Officially, the EU tariffs on Chinese and Vietnamese shoe imports are known as: A) countervailing duties. B) antidumping duties. C) specific duties. D) ad valorem duties. E) temporary surcharges.

11) A global segment is referred to as "global elite," which includes: A) people between the ages of 12 and 19. B) affluent, well-traveled persons. C) the graying population. D) technology professionals. E) persons having power.

11) Anheuser-Busch and Miller Brewing both experienced market failures in the United Kingdom when they used the phrase "light beer" which was misinterpreted as: A) being low in calories. B) having reduced alcohol levels. C) having light color. D) having less quality. E) having less quantity.

11) Despite the high expenses associated with operating elegant stores and purchasing advertising space in upscale magazines, the premium retail prices that luxury goods like Louis Vuitton command translate into handsome profits. The Louis Vuitton brand alone accounts for 60% of LVMH's operating profit. On the other hand, Louis Vuitton spends $10 million annually battling: A) EU regulations. B) counterfeiters in countries such as Turkey, South Korea, & Italy. C) competitors in European countries. D) suppliers of needed materials. E) export freight and taxes.

12) In less-developed countries the most important channel of distribution is: A) door to door. B) public marketplaces. C) wholesale marketplaces. D) pyramid schemes. E) retail stores.

12) The agreements that allow McDonald's franchisees around the globe to use McDonald's trademarked name and menu items represent, in essence, which form of market entry? A) joint ventures B) franchising C) 100% ownership D) exporting E) acquisition

13) What solution did Andersen Consulting provide to the Moscow Bread Company to solve the problem of stale bread? A) Deliver the bread frozen. B) Package the bread in plastic bags. C) Convert to a paperless office to cut red tape. D) Deliver the bread sliced rather than in whole loaf form. E) Use paper packaging for bread.

14) Colgate discovered that in Spanish colgate is a verb form that means "go hang yourself." Whirlpool found that consumers in Italy, France, and Germany had trouble pronouncing the name. These are examples which show the importance of ________ in global marketing. A) syntax and morphology B) phonology and morphology C) syntax and semantics D) semantics and phonology E) semantics and morphology

2) Despite the positive publicity, the phrases used to describe the arbitrary exercise of state power in Russia include all of the following except: A) state capitalism. B) political culture. C) renationalization. D) kleptocracy. E) managed democracy.

2) For Walt Disney Company, the best mode for going global is by: A) joint ventures. B) licensing. C) 100-percent ownership. D) exporting. E) franchising.

2) Many American car buyers perceive Korean cars as: A) durable. B) cheap. C) reliable. D) of high quality. E) good investment.

2) Marketing channels exist to create utility for customers. The major categories of channel utility include all of the following except: A) place utility. B) price utility. C) information utility. D) form utility. E) time utility.

2) The World Trade Organization, which came into existence on January 1, 1995, is the successor of another organization with the abbreviation: A) DSB. B) GATT. C) FTAA. D) NAFTA. E) ASEAN.

20) For years, Mercedes-Benz utilized a ________ pricing strategy; however, this created an opportunity for Toyota to introduce its luxury Lexus line and undercut Mercedes. A) gray market B) skimming C) penetration D) market holding E) cost-based

20) ________ is the most important aspect of a company's international orientation. A) Experience B) Commitment C) Dynamism D) Confidence

21) If the manufacturer of a sophisticated new consumer electronics product determines that many target consumers qualify as "innovators" and "early adopters" with relatively inelastic demand curves, the company should use the ________ pricing strategy. A) gray market B) skimming C) penetration D) market holding E) cost-based

24) As outlined by branding expert Kevin Keller, the benefits of strong brand equity include all of the following except: A) greater loyalty. B) more vulnerability to marketing actions. C) less vulnerability to marketing crises. D) more inelastic consumer response to price increases. E) more elastic consumer response to price decreases.

24) Historically, many companies that used the ________ for pricing were located in the Pacific Rim. A) skimming strategy B) penetration strategy C) cost-based strategy D) price ceiling strategy E) transfer pricing strategy

24) The top ranked country among those exporting to the United States is: A) Taiwan. B) China. C) Mexico. D) India. E) Honduras.

25) Representatives of the apparel, footwear, furniture, and textile industries in many countries are deeply concerned about the impact that increased trade with ________ will have on these sectors. A) Hong Kong B) China C) Italy D) India E) Bangladesh

26) Blackberry (formerly known as Research in Motion), the smartphone marketer, is based in: A) Mexico. B) Canada. C) Brazil. D) Argentina. E) The Netherlands.

26) The so-called "China Triangle" includes: A) Hong Kong, Republic of China, and Singapore B) Republic of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong C) Republic of China, Taiwan, and South Korea D) Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Republic of China E) Singapore, China, and Republic of China

27) NAFTA creates a free trade area, as opposed to a customs union or a common market, due to the fact that: A) the agreement does not leave the door open for discretionary protectionism. B) the governments of all three nations decided to eliminate tariffs. C) the issue of illegal immigration from Mexico to the United States is resolved. D) restrictions are imposed on the use of goods, services, and investments. E) restrictions are imposed on labor movements among members.

28) Mexican customers generally carry small coins. To keep prices of shampoo and detergent below 11 or 12 pesos, Procter & Gamble is using which method of pricing? A) price bundling B) target costing C) cost-plus approach D) export price costing E) cost-based pricing

29) Around the world, various brands of personal computers are sold with Pentium processors. This fact is often used as a selling point, with advertising that proclaims "Intel Inside." Which branding concept does such advertising reflect? A) brand equity B) co-branding C) brand image D) brand extension E) tiered branding

29) Diageo PLC, V&S Vin & Spirit AB, and Seagram and other marketers know that Russians consume a great deal of vodka. This type of market segmentation can be classified as: A) demographic. B) behavioral. C) psychographic. D) occupational. E) benefit.

3) One of the advantages of licensing is: A) licensees have limited control. B) licensees have considerable autonomy. C) license agreements have short life. D) licensees can develop similar products. E) licensees have considerable leverage.

3) One of the key advantages of an EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) system is: A) it allows easy access to all company data to vendors. B) its transaction formats are universal. C) it allows third-party transmission connections to company data. D) it saves both time and money by using different languages. E) vendors receive orders by voice mail.

30) The allure of the Latin American market has been its: A) lack of inflation. B) considerable size. C) rapid economic growth. D) low foreign debt. E) protectionism.

31) Disadvantages of joint venturing can include all of the following except: A) joint venture partners must share rewards as well as risks. B) joint ventures allow partners to achieve synergy. C) joint ventures can have the potential for conflict between partners. D) a dynamic joint venture partner can evolve into a strong competitor. E) a company incurs very significant costs by joint venturing.

31) In response to increasing worldwide concerns about obesity, diabetes, and other food-related health issues, some of the world's largest food companies are developing new products. Nestlé and Groupe Danone SA have developed several health-foods which include all of the following except: A) Souvenaid. B) Activa. C) NutriChoice. D) Nutraceuticals. E) Medical Foods.

31) The first step in formulating and conducting research is to: A) define the problem. B) collect information. C) select unit of analysis. D) examine data availability. E) design research.

33) A distributor with good contacts may appear to be the obvious choice in terms of generating quick sales and revenues but may not be the best one. Which of the guidelines for companies selecting independent distributors is this statement referring to? A) Select distributors; don't let them select you. B) Look for distributors capable of developing markets. C) Give local distributors control over marketing strategy. D) Treat local distributors as long-term partners. E) From the start maintain control.

33) Developed under the auspices of the Custom Cooperation Council (now the World Customs Organization) the system which took effect is referred to as: A) preferential tariffs. B) harmonized tariff. C) BTN duty. D) specialized tariff. E) antidumping duty.

34) After the aftermath of the tragedy involving fire in garment factories in Bangladesh, it was found that the buildings were inspected by: A) Dhaka's building-safety authority. B) Business Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI). C) Walmart's approved contractors. D) Worker Rights Consortium. E) Interfaith Center for Corporate Responsibility.

35) The president of a Mexican company recently remarked, "Business in Mexico is done on a consensus basis, very genteel and sometimes slow by U.S. standards." A few months later, the Mexican company and its U.S. joint venture partner parted company. Judging by the president's remark, one important reason for the "divorce" was: A) failure of one partner to live up to the terms of the contract. B) cultural differences. C) the cancellation of NAFTA. D) the U.S. government's insistence on quick negotiations. E) the language barrier.

37) The country that withdrew from the original members of the Andean Community is: A) Bolivia. B) Chile. C) Ecuador. D) Peru. E) Venezuela.

38) A global product meets the wants and needs of a global market, including the Triad which includes the following countries: A) Brazil, Russia, and China. B) Japan, Western Europe, and the United States. C) China, the United States, and Europe. D) China, India, and Brazil. E) Japan, China, and Western Europe.

38) Argentina was allowed to break from the CET and raise duties on consumer goods. This crisis had a silver lining, which is evident from all of the following points except: A) Argentina's wine exports to the United States were worth four times more when dollar revenues were converted into pesos. B) Argentina became known for the world's most expensive wines. C) the currency devaluation made Argentine vineyard property cheaper for foreign buyers. D) low prices for land, inexpensive labor, and ideal growing conditions for the Malbec grape have combined to make Argentina's wine industry a major player in world markets. E) Argentina can make better wine locally for less money than anywhere in the world.

38) In a joint venture with Russian manufacturer AvtoVAZ, GM executives were planning to have a stripped-down reengineered car based on its Opel model. However, the market research revealed that a "Made-in-Russia" car would only be acceptable if: A) it has a German name. B) it sported a very low sticker price. C) it has an American name. D) it has a very high sticker price. E) it has a Russian name.

39) The "Common Market of the South" in Latin America is used to describe: A) SICA. B) Mercosur. C) Andean Community. D) CARICOM. E) FTAA.

39) The Russian market for imported premium vehicles is exploding as the number of households that can afford luxury products exhibit rapid growth. The luxury cars include all of the following except: A) Porsche. B) Lexus. C) BMW. D) Rolls-Royce. E) Infiniti.

4) Categories of political risk listed by EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit) include all of the following except: A) war. B) political turmoil. C) bureaucracy. D) corruption. E) crime.

4) One of the highest profile companies, PepsiCo, which has done business in the Soviet and post-Soviet market for decades, has used this form of countertrade: A) switch trading. B) barter. C) offset. D) compensation trading. E) counterpurchase.

4) Packaging is an important consideration for products that are shipped to markets worldwide. Which of the following statements related to packaging is not true? A) Nestlé's worldwide network of packaging teams provide improvement suggestions on a quarterly basis. B) The Japanese prefer plain soft colors on their packages. C) The Aquafresh Ultimate tube was designed to stand vertically. D) Coca-Cola had contour bottles in both glass and plastic versions in many countries. E) Nestlé asked suppliers to find a glue to make the clicking sound louder when a tube of Smarties brand chocolate candies are unwrapped.

40) Argentina provides a good example of how a country can emerge from an economic crisis as a stronger global competitor as per the following statement: A) Argentina reduced the duties on consumer goods. B) Argentina devalued its currency for exports and capital transactions. C) Argentina added tariffs on imported wines. D) Argentina adopted the U.S. dollar as official currency. E) Argentina added tariffs on wine produced within the country.

41) A marketer of fine French cognac offers fancy cigar ashtrays as prizes to consumers who correctly solve a crossword puzzle. Which of the following most accurately describes this offer? A) price promotion B) non-price promotion C) trade sales promotion D) sweepstakes promotion E) sampling

41) According to Porter, the nature of the interaction between potential industry entrants, buyers, substitute products, suppliers, and rival firms determines: A) whether or not the government will launch an antitrust investigation. B) the industry's profit potential in terms of long-run return on invested capital. C) whether a country can generate a balance of payments surplus. D) whether a country can create a comparative advantage in the production of differentiated products. E) whether a country can generate income by innovation

41) Which of the following is not true of secondary data about global markets? A) It was not gathered specifically for the research project at hand. B) It is often so expensive that small companies can't afford to use it. C) It can be accessed quickly. D) A great deal is available from government agencies. E) It cannot be retrieved online.

42) Harley-Davidson celebrated its 110th anniversary in 2013. The company grew impressively during its century of operations. All of the following mentioned facts regarding the company are true except: A) the company's international success came after years of neglecting overseas markets. B) the company reacted swiftly to a growing threat from Japanese manufacturers. C) early on, the company used an export-selling approach. D) early on, it had an underdeveloped dealer network. E) after the 1980s, they recruited dealers in the important Japanese markets.

43) By definition, ________ feature a narrow but deep merchandise mix and high levels of service. A) department stores B) specialty retailers C) supermarkets D) convenience stores E) discount stores

43) Which of the following currently owns a 70 percent stake in Skoda, the Czech automaker? A) GM B) Volkswagen C) Ford D) DaimlerChrysler E) Renault

44) In high-context cultures, time is: A) monochronic. B) polychronic. C) linear. D) short. E) common.

45) A duty that represents a certain percentage of the value of a particular product is a(n): A) specific duty. B) ad valorem duty. C) BTN duty. D) "schedule B" duty. E) antidumping duty.

45) In many parts of the world, sales of unauthorized videos of Hollywood movies cost the movie studios billions of dollars. When illegal copies of movies are made, what form of intellectual property has been wrongly appropriated? A) patent B) copyright C) trademark D) trade secrets E) down loading

47) The international marketing manager of an office furniture company ordered a research report on global telecommunications equipment sales. The report noted that, in the early 1990s, AT&T was awarded a $4 billion contract to provide communication network products and services in Saudi Arabia. The manager took this as a cue to put Saudi Arabia on her information agenda, reasoning that office furniture sales would increase as the country's telephone system was improved. As described here, the marketing manager is viewing Saudi Arabia as a(n): A) latent market. B) incipient market. C) cluster market. D) existing market. E) primary market.

47) Which of the following types of duties would be imposed on a company whose home-country government provides export subsidies? A) ad valorem duty B) countervailing duty C) antidumping duty D) specific duty E) customs duty

48) The company receiving the most U.S. patents in 2013 was: A) Samsung Electronics. B) IBM. C) Microsoft. D) Canon. E) Panasonic.

48) Which of the following is described as the three R's of global business: rules, rate schedules, and regulations? A) quotas B) tariffs C) NTBs D) NTR E) duties

49) Departmentalized, single-story retail establishments that offer food and nonfood items, mostly on a self-service basis are called: A) Specialty retailers. B) Supermarkets. C) Convenience stores. D) Discount retailers. E) Hyper markets.

50) Gillette markets its flagship MACH3 razor in more than 100 countries around the world. The MACH3 is available virtually everywhere that consumers shop for personal-care products; because of its advanced 3-blade design, the MACH3 typically costs more than other wet-shaving systems. Which generic strategy is evident in Gillette's global marketing effort of MACH3? A) cost leadership B) differentiation C) cost focus D) focused differentiation E) consumer focus

50) Research in Motion (RIM), a Canadian company which markets BlackBerry Messenger, is very popular with politicians and business people because it offers advance encryption that provides data security. This can be a disadvantage for some countries because: A) it is too complex to understand. B) governments use strict control for security reasons. C) the software can be easily downloaded. D) the accessibility is very poor. E) there is competition from local manufacturers.

50) The United States has given Normal Trade Relations (NTR) status to some 180 countries. In actuality only four countries are excluded from this status which includes all of the following countries except: A) North Korea. B) Iraq. C) Iran. D) Cuba. E) Libya.

51) Consumers pay a premium for an iPod digital music player from Apple Computer. The iPod is characterized by distinctive styling and superior ease of use; Apple currently commands about 80 percent of the market for digital music players. Which of Porter's generic strategies best describes Apple's approach with its iPod? A) cost leadership B) differentiation C) cost focus D) focused differentiation E) consumer focus

51) Uber's rapid growth is an example that the ________ is gaining traction. A) digital technology B) collaborative consumption C) ride sharing D) transport convenience E) tourism

53) Which of the following correctly characterizes the retailing strategy shared by Toys "R" Us and Virgin Megastores? A) few product categories, own-label focus B) few product categories, manufacturer brand focus C) many product categories, own-label focus D) many product categories, manufacturer brand focus E) none of the above

53) Which of the following is true about efforts by automakers to target the Hispanic segment in the United States? A) Honda, Toyota, Ford, and GM all began targeting the segment years ago. B) Honda and Toyota began targeting the segment years ago; Ford and GM launched their efforts more recently. C) Ford and GM began targeting the segment years ago; Honda and Toyota launched their efforts more recently. D) Only Ford and GM are targeting the Hispanic segment. E) none of the above

54) Harley-Davidson has applied for federal protection of an unusual form of intellectual property; the "soul-pleasing rumble" produced by its motorcycles. What type of protection is Harley-Davidson seeking? A) copyright B) trademark C) license D) patent E) trade dress

54) The power distance dimension reflects the degree of trust among members of society. Thus, the higher the power distance (PDI) the: A) greater is uncertainty avoidance. B) lower is the level of trust. C) higher is tolerance for ambiguity. D) greater is male dominance. E) lower is the harmony.

55) Danes generally are not afraid of taking chances; they are comfortable doing things that are not carefully thought out or planned. Denmark's "flexicurity" policy combines free labor markets with adjustable welfare benefits. This is an example of the application of Hofstede's typology under the values which highlight: A) Future Orientation. B) Uncertainty Avoidance. C) Gender Differentiation. D) Power Distance. E) Individualism/Collectivism.

55) If a company's home currency strengthens, it is: A) a favorable turn of events for the typical exporter. B) an unfavorable turn of events for the typical exporter. C) a favorable turn of events since the revenues increase in home currency. D) an unfavorable turn of events for exporter's home country. E) neither favorable nor unfavorable turn of events for the typical exporter.

58) As part of their alliance relationship, Northwest Airlines and KLM Royal Dutch set air fare prices jointly and coordinate flight schedules. Normally, such behavior would be considered harmful to competition, but the U.S. government has granted the two airlines special exemptions from laws concerning: A) intellectual property. B) antitrust. C) jurisdiction. D) licensing. E) arbitration.

59) Building layers of advantage, searching for loose bricks, changing the rules of competitive engagement, and collaborating are elements of the competitive advantage framework developed by: A) W.E. Deming. B) Hamel and Prahalad. C) Porter. D) Drucker. E) D'Aveni

6) Which of the following is an IT tool designed specifically to help retailers work more closely with vendors on stock replenishment? A) BOLD B) ECR C) data warehouse D) projection E) EDI

6) ________ provides technical specifications to a subcontractor or local manufacturer, who then oversees production. A) A joint venture B) Contract manufacturing C) Licensing D) Exporting E) A Global strategic alliance

61) Intel's focus on designing complex, expensive microprocessors for PCs enabled competitors to develop cheaper chip sets for non-PC electronics devices. In the strategic intent model of competitive advantage, this is an example of: A) building layers of advantage. B) loose bricks. C) changing the rules of engagement. D) collaborating. E) none of the above

63) Which of the following best sums up the experience of Walt Disney Company executives when creating Disney's theme park in Paris? A) They were guided by the "think global, act local" principle. B) They fell victim to the self-reference criterion. C) They exhibited a geocentric management orientation. D) They miscalculated the rate of diffusion of innovations in Europe. E) They had an unbiased perception of existing culture in Europe.

65) The Maastricht Treaty called for: A) the creation of an Asia Free Trade Area (AFTA). B) the creation of an economic and monetary union in Europe. C) Chile's acceptance into Mercosur. D) the purchase of CDs and tapes from distributors in Europe. E) the creation of the seven-nation European Free Trade Association (EFTA).

65) When Walt Disney Company's executives were planning to build a theme park in France, they firmly believed that the success of McDonald's and Coke as well as their own success in Tokyo ensured the runaway success of their plans. Disney policies prohibit sale or consumption of alcohol inside their theme parks which they also implemented in France. This proved to be a failure since consuming wine with the midday meal is a long-established custom in France. This is most likely a classical example of: A) the "think global, act local" principle. B) being victim to the self-reference criterion. C) a geocentric management orientation. D) miscalculation of the rate of diffusion of innovations in Europe. E) an unbiased perception of existing culture in Europe.

67) Dry soup mixes that have long been popular in Europe are marketed as sauces or dips in the United States. This is an example of the ________ strategy. A) product-communications extension B) product extension-communications adaptation C) product adaptation-communications extension D) dual adaptation E) product invention

67) When company management decides that it is unwilling to follow the "conventional wisdom" and instead finds a new way to gain competitive advantage, it might be said to be: A) searching for loose bricks. B) changing the rules of engagement. C) collaborating. D) building layers of advantage. E) innovating.

68) Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. and other Japanese companies manufacture airplanes under license to U.S. firms and also work as subcontractors for aircraft parts and systems. This type of effort is known as: A) searching for loose bricks. B) collaborating. C) building of layers of advantage. D) changing the rules of engagement. E) innovating.

68) Targeting the 300 million farmers in India who still use plows harnessed to oxen, John Deere engineers created a line of relatively inexpensive, no-frills tractors. The Deere team then realized that the same equipment could be marketed to hobby farmers and acreage owners in the United States, a segment that they had previously overlooked. This is an example of ________ strategy. A) product-communications extension B) product extension-communications adaptation C) product adaptation-communications extension D) dual adaptation E) product invention

68) The new country which joined the EU at the beginning of 2015 is: A) Slovakia. B) Lithuania. C) Latvia. D) Slovenia. E) Cyprus.

68) Thomas Burke, an executive at Saatchi & Saatchi, is quoted as saying _________ are "the most powerful form of advertising ever created." A) corporate advocacy ads B) infomercials C) banner ads on the Internet D) direct mail campaigns E) catalog sales

69) Which of the following receives a fee for bringing together an exporter and a buyer in another country? A) foreign purchasing agent B) export broker C) export merchant D) export management company E) freight forwarder

7) Peer-to-peer (p-to-p) marketing uses distribution channels through: A) business-to-consumers. B) electronic commerce. C) business-to-business. D) door-to-door. E) manufacturer-to-wholesalers.

7) The process of global market segmentation begins with the choice of one or more variables to use as a basis for grouping customers. All of the following are variables that are commonly used except: A) demographics. B) polycentrics. C) behavioral characteristics. D) benefits sought. E) psychographics.

7) Which of the following can be defined as a business philosophy that values two-way communication between a company and individual customers? A) ECR B) CRM C) EDI D) EPOS E) BOLD

70) According to a recent study of European industrial exporters, companies that utilized independent distributors would be most likely to utilize: A) ethnocentric pricing. B) polycentric pricing. C) regiocentric pricing. D) geocentric pricing. E) extension pricing.

70) Before Ben & Jerry's launched their ice cream in the United Kingdom, the company conducted extensive research to determine whether the package design was appropriate. The research indicated that British consumers perceived the colors differently than U.S. consumers. The package design was changed accordingly. This type of strategy can be defined as: A) product-communications extension. B) product extension-communications adaptation. C) product adaptation-communications extension. D) product-communication adaptation. E) product invention.

71) Traditional support media include: A) indoor posters. B) billboards. C) newspapers. D) magazines. E) catalogs.

72) To promote its Centrino wireless chip, Intel launched a global ad campaign that features different combinations of celebrities. These celebrities were chosen because they are widely recognized in the key world markets. This type of strategy is referred to as: A) product-communications extension. B) product extension-communications adaptation. C) product adaptation-communications extension. D) product-communication adaptation. E) product invention.

72) When consumers have difficulty in verbalizing their perceptions, and there are different alternative brands of toothpaste, what is the best method of judging them in terms of similarity? A) cluster analysis B) MDS C) dependence techniques D) factor loading E) focus group

74) "Corporate amnesia" in global partnership is a term which refers to: A) achieving world leadership by differentiation. B) short-term goals with no memory on how to compete. C) a relationship which is short lived. D) discontinuation of a partnership due to personal chemistry. E) losing national identity and ideology.

75) In Chinese markets, Nike had a problem using the "Just Do It" attitude which was found not to be appropriate. Finally, Nike decided to use Chinese athletes in their promotion. This type of adaptation was needed due to: A) the Chinese do not wear running shoes. B) ingrained Chinese values which respect authority. C) Chinese athletes use Nike shoes. D) "Just do it" in Chinese has a negative connotation. E) parents do not want their children to see such ads.

75) The sales of the Apple watch increased when customers were informed about various functions of the watch. This change in sales reflects which of the following characteristics of innovation? A) relative advantage B) communicability C) compatibility D) complexity E) divisibility

76) Parallel importing occurs when companies employ a(n) ________ multinational pricing policy that calls for setting different prices in different country markets. A) ethnocentric B) polycentric C) regiocentric D) geocentric E) extension

76) Sony's PlayStation 3 (PS3) has a powerful chip that provides new levels of realism; PS3 also contains a Blu-Ray DVD player. However, the less complex, less expensive Nintendo Wii has been outselling Sony's game system by a margin of 3-to-1. Based on D'Aveni's model this is reflective of: A) cost/quality. B) timing and know how. C) entry barriers. D) loose bricks. E) deep pockets.

77) Product placement has reached the world of live theater and opera. The difference between product placement and other forms of promotion is: A) ethical concerns are not taken into account. B) viewers are being marketed to subliminally without their consent. C) products are focused showing different angles. D) prominent personalities add a message about the product. E) sponsors are recognized for their contribution.

78) A few years ago, Philips Electronics developed a new consumer electronics product called the Digital Compact Cassette player. DCC did more than allow users to record and playback in a new digital format; DCC was also designed to play the older, analog cassette tapes that many people own. However, die-hard audio buffs were the only ones to buy DCC and Philips ultimately discontinued the product. Which of the following statements based on adopter categories describes this? A) early adopters bought, but innovators didn't B) innovators bought, but early adopters didn't C) innovators bought, and everyone else was a laggard D) early majority bought, but late majority didn't E) DCC was a laggard

79) According to the hypercompetition model of competitive advantage, which of the following allows the firm to create an entirely new product or market? A) know-how advantage B) timing advantage C) outflanking D) switching costs E) countermoves

79) Adopter categories are classifications of individuals within a market on the basis of their innovativeness. When Apple introduced the Apple watch people waited in long lines before the doors opened. According to experts, those people can be categorized as: A) early adopters. B) innovators. C) early majority. D) late majority. E) laggards.

8) As cultural differences become less relevant and disposable incomes become high, a trend towards greater consumption of the following type of foods is predicted. A) French artistic foods B) American fast foods C) Chinese retail foods D) Indian spicy foods E) Mexican spicy foods

8) What do value added taxes (VAT) encourage in countries such as China? A) They make trademarks and copyrights more valuable. B) They result in cross-border shopping and smuggling. C) They make it harder to bribe officials. D) They protect companies from antitrust scrutiny. E) Global companies refrain from offering bribes.

81) A key word(s) in conducting business in the Middle East is: A) Arab Spring. B) connection. C) discrimination. D) male dominance. E) haggling.

81) Comparing and contrasting the diffusion of innovations in Western countries and in Asia, one can say that: A) the process occurs in an identical manner in both regions. B) in Asia, the adoption process begins more slowly but ramps up more rapidly than it does in Western countries. C) in Western countries, the adoption process begins more slowly but ramps up more rapidly than it does in Asia. D) the diffusion of innovation framework is applicable in the West but not in Asia. E) the diffusion of innovation framework is applicable in Asia but not in the West.

83) Marketing that involves creating the same marketing mix for a broad mass market of potential buyers is referred to as: A) differentiated target marketing. B) standardized global marketing. C) concentrated global marketing. D) competitive global marketing. E) target benefit marketing.

83) The United States has more lawyers than any other country in the world and is arguably the most litigious nation on earth. This is a reflection of: A) the lack of class action lawsuits. B) the low-context nature of the American culture. C) the lack of spirit of confrontational competitiveness. D) the fact that lawyers cannot undertake cases on contingency fee basis. E) the fact that conflicts arise more in the United States.

85) An irrevocable letter of credit transfers the payment obligation for an export deal from the buyer to the buyer's: A) in-house export organization. B) bank. C) freight forwarder. D) credit union. E) checking account.

86) Order processing, warehousing, and inventory management are all functions pertaining to: A) a polycentric orientation. B) physical distribution and logistics. C) sales promotion. D) personal selling. E) chain acquisition.

86) Which set of documents generally represents the minimum documentation required to clear a shipment through customs? A) packing list, commercial invoice B) bill of exchange, commercial invoice C) certificate of origin, bill of exchange D) packing list, insurance certificate E) letter of credit, commercial invoice

87) Which of the following is true about "coffee culture" in England? A) Starbucks has been unsuccessful in its attempt to change the Brits' preference for tea. B) American entrepreneurs found success in England with the Seattle Coffee Company which Starbucks later acquired. C) Starbucks succeeded in England only after changing the company's name to Seattle Coffee Company. D) Starbucks-style coffee shops have been a flop because tea culture is too deeply engrained. E) Starbucks has been successful in England since it started selling beer.

88) In order to form a free trade area, South Africa has signed a Trade, Development, and Cooperation Agreement (TDCA) with: A) Swaziland. B) EU. C) Namibia. D) Angola. E) Japan.

88) Which of the following correctly states the role of banks in import/export transactions involving a letter of credit (L/C)? A) The importer's bank is the advising and/or confirming bank; the exporter's bank is the issuing bank. B) The exporter's bank is the advising and/or confirming bank; the importer's bank is the issuing bank. C) The exporter's bank is the advising, confirming, and issuing bank. D) The importer's bank is the advising, confirming, and issuing bank. E) none of the above

89) An important new tool for inventory management is: A) ODW. B) RFID. C) LEGO. D) VUCA. E) EPOS.

89) In which of the following forms of export financing does a bank assume a financial obligation? A) with an L/C but not a documentary collection B) with a documentary collection but not an L/C C) neither an L/C nor a documentary collection requires a bank to assume financial obligation D) with either an L/C or a collection letter E) with both an L/C and a documentary collection

89) Which of the following is true about etic and emic approaches to country analysis? A) The etic and emic approaches are identical. B) An emic approach studies a culture from within; etic analysis is "from the outside." C) An emic approach studies a culture "from the outside"; etic analysis studies a culture from within. D) The emic/etic distinction is not useful in cultural studies. E) The emic/etic approaches cannot be applied to Asian countries.

89) Which of the following statement is not true related to the African Growth and Opportunities Act (AGOA)? A) The theme of the AGOA is "Trade, not Aid." B) It is designed to help African nations that help neighboring countries in need. C) The law is designed to support African nations that make significant progress toward economic liberalization. D) African companies will find it easier to gain access to financing from the U.S. Export-Import Bank. E) AGOA represents a formal step toward a U.S.-Africa free trade area.

9) Which country has the biggest market for Tupperware? A) Romania B) Indonesia C) China D) Russia E) India

90) Which of the following incorrectly states the role of banks in import/export transactions involving a letter of credit (L/C)? A) The exporter's bank is the advising and/or confirming bank. B) The importer's bank is the advising and/or confirming bank. C) The importer's bank is the advising, confirming, and issuing bank. D) The exporter's bank is the advising, confirming, and issuing bank. E) The importer's bank is neither advising nor confirming bank.

92) For years, ads for Volvo automobiles stressed safety features and protection in the event of a crash. Thus, Volvo automobiles developed a reputation based on which positioning strategy? A) use/user B) attribute/benefit C) competition D) high touch E) quality/price

92) When a company uses intermodal or multimodal transportation, it is: A) using multiple channels. B) using land and water shipping. C) shipping via more than one railroad line. D) using the services of both UPS and FedEx. E) using different size containers for shipment.

93) The Advanced Photo System (APS) created by Kodak and its partners combines traditional chemical photo processing with digital technology. One benefit of the system is that shutterbugs can choose three different print sizes. The APS would best be described as a: A) continuous innovation. B) dynamically continuous innovation. C) discontinuous innovation. D) platform-based innovation. E) new and improved innovation.

94) Another perspective on the future of cooperative strategies envisions the emergence of: A) mergers and acquisition. B) virtual corporations. C) franchising. D) joint ventures. E) keiretsu.

94) In the post-September 11 business environment in the United States, imports have come under increased security. One of the initiatives taken in the interest of national security is: A) NAFTA. B) C-TPAT. C) WTO. D) NTB. E) FSC.

96) Motorola's failed Iridium venture was a global satellite telephone network designed to allow users to make or receive calls anywhere on the globe using handsets that are somewhat bigger than typical cellular phones. What type of innovation did Iridium represent? A) a continuous innovation B) a dynamically continuous innovation C) a discontinuous innovation D) a platform-based innovation E) none of the above

96) The scandal about finding horse DNA in frozen beef burgers sold in supermarkets in Ireland became a big issue. However, the fact remains that 60,000 tons of horse meat were sold in Europe in 2012. Other facts about horse meat include all of the following except: A) in Europe, horse meat is available from a variety of suppliers. B) it is legal to produce horse meat in the United States. C) horses are shipped from the United States to Mexico and Canada for slaughter. D) Italy imports 50 million pounds of horse meat annually from Ireland. E) horse meat is lean and high in iron and other nutrients.

1) Generally speaking, which of the following statements is true concerning product attributes? A) Tangible product attributes are more important than intangible ones. B) Intangible product attributes are more important than tangible ones. C) Both tangible and intangible product attributes are important. D) Neither tangible nor intangible product attributes are important. E) A product has more attributes than tangible and intangible ones.

1) While marketers should be secure in their own convictions and traditions, ________ are required to appreciate the integrity and value of other ways of life and points of view. A) standard of living and stage of economic development B) production process and standards of measurement C) open mind and absence of prejudice D) degree of nationalism and economic community membership E) fast food culture and slow food culture

10) Direct sensory perception provides a vital background for the information that comes from human and documentary sources since: A) it provides secondhand information. B) it is easy and the most economical way of collecting data. C) it means firsthand seeing, feeling, hearing, smelling, and tasting. D) it involves reading and reviewing documents. E) top executives are involved in getting firsthand information.

10) Linguists have divided the study of languages into four main areas. The system of word formation is referred to as: A) syntax. B) phonology. C) morphology. D) semantics. E) semiotics.

10) The concentration of income in the high-income and large-population countries means that a company can be "global" by targeting buyers in: A) just 50 countries. B) just 20 countries. C) just 10 or fewer countries. D) just 30 countries. E) none of the above

105) The chief executives of Swiss Swatch Group and Japanese Canon would like to: A) outsource all of the manufacturing units overseas in order to save money. B) outsource a majority of the manufacturing functions overseas. C) retain a majority, if not all, of the manufacturing in their home country. D) establish "call centers" in developing countries in order to save labor costs. E) outsource a full line of new products only.

106) If the dollar, the yen, or the euro becomes seriously overvalued, a company with a production capacity in other locations can achieve competitive advantage by: A) buying different currencies before major fluctuations take place. B) conducting transactions in different currencies of the world. C) shifting production among different sites. D) cutting down production and waiting until the currency rate is reasonable. E) reducing production and labor force simultaneously.

109) The furniture industry has become one of the fastest-growing sectors of China's economy. Furniture imports are flooding into the United States from China. This can be attributed to: A) the quality of furniture is better than that made in Europe. B) American tastes in décor have changed. C) China's low labor rates translate into reasonable prices for consumers. D) China can survive tough competition. E) replacement parts are readily available from China.

11) CRM tools does not help companies in determining: A) warranty of products sold to consumers. B) amount paid by consumers in different countries. C) which customers are very demanding. D) the use of credit cards for payment. E) the use of laptop computers by customers.

11) Sales representatives in which Japanese industry cultivate close, long-term relations with customers by selling door-to-door? A) consumer electronics B) pharmaceuticals C) automobiles D) soft drinks E) groceries

11) The form of economic cooperation that calls for 1) eliminating internal barriers to trade and 2) establishing common external barriers is known as a(n): A) European Union. B) Economic union. C) Customs union. D) Free trade area. E) Common market.

11) The governmental action to dispossess a foreign company or investor is known as: A) compensation. B) confiscation. C) expropriation. D) internationalization. E) nationalization.

11) The specialty retailing industry, as well as the fast-food industry, favors ________ for global growth. A) licensing B) investment C) franchising D) joint ventures E) strategic alliances

12) When the Coca-Cola Company was developing its new Dasani bottled water brand, linguists helped guide the naming process. For example, the recurring "a" was chosen because it has a soothing sound. In linguistics, issues pertaining to letters and sounds are a matter of: A) syntax. B) synonym. C) phonology. D) semiotics. E) semantics.

12) ________ builds upon the elimination of internal tariff barriers, the establishment of common external barriers, and the free flow of factors. A) European Union B) Economic union C) Customs union D) Free trade area E) Common market

15) Giving business cards with the left hand in Malaysia, showing soles of shoes to a host in Saudi Arabia, and winking one eye in India are all considered impolite interpersonal communication due to the fact that: A) in Middle Eastern countries it is customary to take off shoes at the door. B) it is difficult to notice when one winks eyes since there are many people in India. C) people pick up nonverbal cues and understand intuitively without being told. D) these actions distract people from hearing at meetings. E) people are not aware of Western ways of doing business.

15) The retail environment in developing countries presents challenges for marketing nonperishable items. In Mexico, Proctor & Gamble, Unilever, Colgate-Palmolive, and other global consumer product companies use ________ for their products. A) door-to-door selling B) buy-in-bulk selling C) mom-and-pop stores D) franchised stores E) manufacturer-owned stores

16) A vice-president of an American software company introduced himself to a group of Korean partners and added "you may just call me John." Although this verbal cue shows the underlying reality that Americans have a high value on informality and equality, it needs adaptation due to the reason that: A) John is not a very popular name in Korea. B) it is difficult to translate John in Korean language. C) customs, hierarchies, and class structure of Korean culture have to be respected. D) Korean culture requires that first and last name be used in addressing guests. E) it is not appropriate to disclose nicknames in business meetings.

16) Which personal computer company began life as a b-to-b marketer and then began marketing direct to the home PC market? A) Hewlett-Packard B) Compaq C) Dell D) Acer E) Sony

17) Psychographic segmentation involves grouping people in terms of their: A) combined household income. B) age and income. C) attitudes, values, and lifestyle. D) psychological well being. E) gender.

17) To motivate shopkeepers to stock more of P&G's products, the company launched a: A) door-to-door program. B) retail store program. C) golden store program. D) hypermarket program. E) sole distributor program.

18) Porsche AG uses the label "Top Guns" to describe one segment of its customers, namely those who care about power and control and who expect to be noticed. Such a profile would be based on which type of segmentation? A) demographic B) occupational C) psychographic D) behavioral E) gender

19) Research has shown that exporting is essentially a developmental process that proceeds in different stages. Before a firm reaches stage 4, it must do which one of the following activities? A) explore the feasibility of exporting B) commit resources for exporting C) receive unsolicited export orders D) believe in attractiveness of exporting E) build confidence in firm's ability for exporting

19) SRI International developed Values and Lifestyles (VALS). Such a consumer profile would be helpful for which type of segmentation? A) demographic B) occupational C) psychographic D) behavioral E) gender

21) In a study entitled "The Euroconsumer: Marketing Myth or Cultural Certainty?" researchers identified different lifestyle groups. The segment that is concentrated in high-crime, inner-city neighborhoods were classified as: A) Successful Idealists. B) Affluent Materialists. C) Disaffected Survivors. D) Trendy Teens. E) Comfortable Belongers.

22) Two automakers that have joined the race to bring low-cost cars to the emerging Indian market are: A) Mercedes and Lexus. B) Toyota and Ford. C) Tata and Nissan. D) Tata and Toyota. E) Nissan and Toyota.

23) The DMBB (D'arcy Massius Benton & Bowles) agency created a psychographic profile of the Russian market. The categories include all of the following except: A) Kuptsy. B) Cossacks. C) Elites. D) Students. E) Business Executives.

25) A market ________ pricing strategy calls for setting price levels that are low enough to quickly build market share. A) gray B) skimming C) penetration D) holding E) cost-based

25) A vice president of a shoe company was in India to assess the market. He found that many people in the southern part of India were walking bare footed. This can be indicative of either the fact that there is a potential market for shoes or there is no market for shoes in that part of the world. To formally confirm one instinct or the other the vice president should: A) establish an office to start manufacturing shoes in India. B) give free shoe samples to a selected group of customers. C) conduct research to find potential and actual customers. D) find out if that is true for other Asian countries. E) give up the idea of doing business in India.

25) Located in The Hague, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the judicial arm of the: A) United States. B) European Union. C) United Nations. D) Netherlands. E) United Kingdom.

25) The form of economic cooperation that calls for countries to eliminate all internal barriers to trade among themselves even while maintaining independent trade policies vis-à-vis third countries is known as a(n): A) Economic union. B) Customs union. C) Free trade area. D) Common market. E) None of the above

27) Which of the following statements is not an example of local products or brands? A) Coca-Cola developed several branded drink products for Japan. B) Coca-Cola markets Kinely brand bottled water in India. C) BMW uses "the ultimate driving machine" slogan in India. D) Diageo PLC markets Gordon's Edge, a gin-based ready-to-drink beverage in the United Kingdom. E) Coca-Cola developed a noncarbonated, ginseng-flavored beverage for Japan.

28) Agricultural subsidies are particularly controversial because, although they protect the interests of farmers in some countries, they work to the detriment of farmers in countries such as: A) Singapore. B) the United States. C) India. D) Switzerland. E) Japan.

3) An express warranty is a written guarantee that assures the buyer that he or she: A) is getting what he or she desired. B) will be able to get express response if any defects are found. C) is getting what he or she has paid for. D) will be able to contact the manufacturer whenever needed. E) has limited time for filling out information required by the manufacturer.

3) When identifying global market segments, a fundamental guiding principle should be the need to determine: A) shared demographic characteristics. B) similar languages. C) similar needs and buying behavior. D) similar ethnic backgrounds. E) similar geographic regions.

30) Several years ago, the D'arcy Massius Benton & Bowles (DMBB) agency created psychographic profiles for several countries and regions." Which region did the survey specifically focused on? A) Asia B) America C) Europe D) Australia E) Far East

31) All of the following activities must be performed when goods cross international boundaries except: A) obtaining currency permit, if required. B) packaging goods for export. C) using the cost-based pricing method. D) arranging for ocean freight and preparation. E) obtaining marine insurance and certificate of the policy.

31) Which of the following was a major U.S. tax incentive for exporters that the WTO recently ruled was an illegal subsidy? A) NTR B) CVD C) FSC D) NTB E) HTS

32) All of the following basic consideration questions are important for those whose responsibility includes setting prices on goods that cross borders except: A) Does the price reflect the product's quality? B) Is the price competitive given local market conditions? C) Does the local market use target costing? D) Should prices differ with market segment? E) Do the foreign country's dumping laws pose a problem?

32) Any western country doing business in Malaysia or the Middle East should have an understanding of: A) the French Civil Code. B) Anglo-Saxon common law. C) Islamic law. D) the Uniform Commercial Code. E) Roman law and the Napoleonic Code.

32) The strategy to use joint ventures has several advantages which do not include: A) risk sharing. B) reduced financial risk. C) reward sharing. D) achieve synergy. E) the only way to enter a country or region.

32) When Mattel first introduced Barbie in Japan, managers assumed that Japanese girls would find the doll's design just as appealing as American girls did. This may be due to: A) Barbie's physical features such as long legs and blonde hair. B) Barbie being a symbol of American lifestyle. C) the SRC tendency on the part of American managers. D) the SRC tendency on the part of Japanese consumers. E) the limited competition for dolls in Japan.

32) Which of the following is not an appropriate guideline for companies selecting independent distributors in international markets? A) Select distributors; don't let them select you. B) Look for distributors capable of developing markets. C) Give local distributors control over marketing strategy. D) Treat local distributors as long-term partners. E) All of the above are appropriate guidelines.

33) Three Mexican retailers Famso, Grupo Gigante SA, and Grupo Comercial Chedraui SA have opened stores in the United States. This is an indication of: A) U.S. retailers were lagging behind in collecting demographic information. B) the Mexican retailers provide better products than American stores. C) the Hispanic American segments represent a great opportunity for marketers. D) American businesses cannot compete with Mexican retailers. E) the Mexican retailers would like to compete with businesses like Best Buy and Circuit City.

33) Which member of the Central American Integration System has both the largest economy and the largest population? A) El Salvador B) Honduras C) Guatemala D) Nicaragua E) Costa Rica

34) As a general rule, the Chinese government allows foreign companies to participate in its market only if those companies agree to establish operations with local Chinese enterprises. Which market entry mode would be the appropriate choice under these circumstances? A) acquisition B) licensing C) joint venture D) exporting E) franchising

35) After the aftermath of the tragedy involving fire in garment factories in Bangladesh, Walmart implemented a "zero-tolerance policy." The Workers Rights Consortium, the International Labor Organization and other groups monitoring labor issues are stepping up pressure on companies that participate in the global garment supply chain due to the following reasons, except: A) retailers pay lip service to concerns about factory safety. B) retailers continue to focus on low prices. C) those auditing facilities are audited by BSCI's qualified engineers. D) the buyers and consumer are willing to pay more for garments. E) retailers do not provide funds for fire safety training.

35) The Secretariat for Central American Integration is headquartered in: A) El Salvador. B) Honduras. C) Guatemala City. D) Nicaragua. E) Costa Rica.

37) GM executives are looking for a joint venture with AvtoVAZ, the largest carmaker in: A) Germany. B) Lithuania. C) Russia. D) Kazakhstan. E) Turkey.

37) The benefits of strong brands include all of the following except: A) greater loyalty. B) less vulnerability to marketing actions. C) less inelastic consumer response to price increases. D) more elastic consumer response to price decreases. E) larger margins.

39) "Intel inside" campaign promoting both the Intel Corporation and its Pentium-brand processors in conjunction with advertising for various brands of personal computers is an example of: A) brand equity. B) brand symbol. C) co-branding. D) brand extension. E) brand loyalty.

39) Potential markets can be subdivided into: A) latent and parallel markets. B) existing and incipient markets. C) latent and incipient markets. D) existing and latent markets. E) incipient and existing markets.

4) Demographic segmentation is based on measurable characteristics of populations which includes all of the following examples except: A) Asia is home to 500 million consumers aged 16 and younger. B) India has more than half of the population younger than 25. C) Consumers that buy Porsches would like to be noticed. D) The United States is home to 28.4 million foreign-born residents with combined income of $ 233 billion. E) In the EU, the number of consumers aged 16 and under is rapidly approaching consumers aged 60.

4) The use of the color ________ dates back millennia as seen by artisans in ancient Egypt, China, and Mayan civilizations and is now associated with royalty and divinity. A) red B) green C) blue D) orange E) brown

4) Trade ministers representing the WTO member nations meet ________ to work on improving world trade. A) weekly B) monthly C) annually D) biannually E) fortnightly

40) When a corporate name such as Sony is combined with a product brand name such as Walkman, the brand category is referred to as: A) brand equity B) brand symbol C) tiered brand D) co-brand E) brand loyalty

41) The English-speaking CARICOM members in the eastern Caribbean are concerned with defending their privileged trading position with: A) Russia. B) China. C) the United States. D) the United Kingdom. E) Australia.

41) Which automaker currently has a joint venture with Hindustan Motors (India)? A) Volkswagen B) Ford C) GM D) Renault E) Mazda

42) Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using sales promotions? A) provides a tangible incentive to buyers B) provides accountability to marketing managers C) enables company to build its database D) builds long-term brand awareness E) develops relationship with customers

43) A characteristic of a low-context culture which is prevalent in the United States, Switzerland, and Germany is that: A) less information is contained in verbal communication. B) major emphasis is on a person's values and position in society. C) the messages are explicit and specific. D) a person's word is his or her bond. E) negotiations are long and protracted.

43) Counterfeiting is: A) the use of a formal legal document for illegal purposes. B) the ownership of a written, recorded, performed or filmed creative work. C) the unauthorized copying or production of a product. D) the use of a product name that has different meaning than the original brand. E) the use of a distinctive mark of a brand that is no longer producing the original brand.

45) Tata Motors (India) acquired the following auto company: A) Volkswagen AG (Germany). B) Volvo (Sweden). C) Jaguar (UK). D) Toyota (Japan). E) Hyundai (South Korea).

46) Channel decisions are important because: A) commitments are flexible. B) relationships change with time. C) it is expensive to terminate. D) issues can be solved by arbitration. E) local laws do not protect agreements.

47) In accordance with GATT, new U.S. patents are granted for a period of ________ years from the filing date. A) 10 B) 17 C) 20 D) 27 E) 30

48) Two countries that score low in uncertainty avoidance are: A) Austria and Belgium. B) Japan and Hong Kong. C) United States and Switzerland D) Denmark and Finland. E) Ireland and Italy.

48) Unilever hired a promotional marketing firm to pass out Lever2000 hand wipes in food courts and petting zoos. This is an example of: A) point-of-use sampling. B) point-of-sale sampling. C) point-of-dirt sampling. D) point-of-event sampling. E) point-of-work sampling.

48) Which of the following does not contribute to price escalation in global marketing? A) shipping and insurance charges B) value added taxes (VAT) C) different Incoterms as incentives D) duties and tariffs E) fluctuating exchange rates

49) Environmental issues and challenges faced by a company which is in the initial stages of implementing a personal selling strategy include all of the following except: A) political risks. B) regulatory hurdles. C) product innovation. D) currency fluctuations. E) market unknowns.

49) Sweden applies a system to certain categories of imported agricultural products referred to as: A) temporary surcharges. B) ad valorem duty. C) variable import levies. D) specific duty. E) countervailing duty.

5) An ________ is a company's private data network, accessible only by authorized persons inside the organization. A) EDI B) Internet C) intranet D) EPOS E) ECR

5) Bureaucracy is listed as a political risk category by: A) BERI (Business Environment Risk Intelligence). B) PRS Group. C) EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit). D) WTO (World Trade Organization). E) OPIC (Overseas Private Investment Corporation).

5) Cultural influences are also quite apparent in food preparation and consumption patterns and habits. Domino's Pizza, the world's largest pizza-delivery company, pulled out of Italy because: A) its tomato sauce was too bold and competed with Italian products. B) people did not like to eat at home. C) Italians perceived its products to be "too American." D) Italians wanted more toppings on thick crust. E) Italians did not like anyone else to use the name "pizza."

5) Some wine importers insist on shipping their wines in refrigerated containers to protect the wines from being damaged by high temperatures. Such importers are creating which kind of utility? A) place utility B) time utility C) form utility D) information utility E) worker utility

5) The advantages of a market visit include all of the following except: A) confirm market potential. B) contradict market potential. C) gain confidence in firm's ability for exporting. D) gather additional data to reach final decision. E) build confidence in firm's ability for exporting.

5) ________ represents a market entry strategy whereby one company permits a foreign company to make use of its patents, know-how, technology, company name, or other intangible assets in return for a royalty payment. A) A joint venture B) One-hundred-percent ownership C) Licensing D) Exporting E) A Global strategic alliance

50) When Walmart entered the German market, ________ were already entrenched. A) Specialty retailers B) Discount retailers C) Hard discounters D) Hypermarkets E) Supermarkets

51) All of the following stores are categorized as "superstores" except: A) Toys "R" Us. B) Home Depot. C) IKEA. D) Babies "R" Us. E) The Body Shop.

51) The original six members of the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) included all of the following countries except: A) Singapore. B) Thailand. C) India. D) Philippines. E) Brunei.

52) Which of the following statements is not correct? A) Walmart pulled out of Germany and South Korea. B) Best Buy closed several stores in China. C) Home Depot pulled out of China. D) Mattel closed its flagship Barbie store in Shanghai. E) Tesco shut down Fresh & Easy stores in the United States.

53) In 2005, representatives from several wine regions in the United States and the EU signed a Joint Declaration to Protect Wine Place & Origin. In addition, a Wine Accord signed by the United States and EU bans the: A) use of alcohol in public places. B) purchase of wine from country of origin. C) misuse of place names by marketers of wine products that do not originate in those places. D) misuse of labels which does not include the origin of ingredients. E) use of word "champagne" on wine made in the United States.

53) There are barriers in Japan for global marketers in terms of attitudes as well as laws. Barriers include all of the following except: A) any organization wishing to compete in Japan must be committed to providing top-quality products and services. B) repeat visits and extended socialization with distributors. C) goods marketed should have a semblance of western products and services. D) marketers must master the keiretsu system of tightly knit corporate alliances. E) trust has to be built before conducting successful business.

54) A company in which an ethnocentric orientation prevails is likely to utilize primarily _________ in its sales force. A) host-country nationals B) third-country nationals C) expatriates D) agents of any nationality E) agents of host-country

54) For the past 40 years Bhutan, a kingdom of 754,000 people in the Himalaya mountains, has relied on the following measure: A) GNI. B) GDP. C) GNH. D) GNP. E) GTE.

54) Marketers in Gillette's Parker Pen subsidiary focused on upscale shoppers in Malaysia and Singapore. This is an example which coincides with the Maslow's hierarchy related to A) self-esteem B) physiological needs C) security D) self actualization E) social needs

54) Which of the following categories best describes the approach of Britain's Marks & Spencer to global retailing? A) few product categories, own-label focus B) few product categories, manufacturer brand focus C) many product categories, own-label focus D) many product categories, manufacturer brand focus E) none of the above

55) Dollar stores are classified under: A) Convenience stores. B) Specialty retailers. C) Discount retailers. D) Hard discounters. E) Category killers.

55) Manufacturers of Splenda, a low-calorie sugar substitute, wanted to arrange a focus group to find out its use in different markets. Open-ended questions were used in order to secure the unconscious attitudes and biases held by the subjects. This type of technique is known as: A) scaling technique. B) qualitative technique. C) projective technique. D) reactivity technique. E) MDS technique.

55) Rugman and D'Cruz have developed an alternative framework to Porter's five forces model. The framework, based on business networks, is called: A) the differentiation model. B) strategic intent. C) the flagship model. D) the hypercompetition model. E) the Rugman & D'Cruz model.

55) Which of the following ASEAN countries alone accounts for more than one-third of 2014 two-way trade exports with the United States? A) Brunei B) Malaysia C) Singapore D) Thailand E) Vietnam

56) Bhutan has relied on a measure besides economic growth, namely, gross national happiness (GNH). The GNH Index includes all of the following indicators except: A) psychological well-being. B) community vitality. C) economic vitality. D) environmental diversity. E) living standards.

59) The basis for global marketing expert David Arnold's framework for screening intercountry comparisons include: A) demographic data. B) "top-down" segmentation analysis. C) "bottom-up" segmentation analysis. D) income level. E) population data.

59) Which approach to retail expansion is most appropriate when targeting a country that management considers both culturally close and easy to enter? A) organic growth B) chain acquisition C) franchise D) joint venture E) own-label focus

6) A. Coskun Samli had developed a useful approach to global market segmentation that compares and contrasts "conventional" versus "unconventional" wisdom. An example of unconventional wisdom can be identified with one of the following assumptions: A) Since per capita annual income in India is about $1,420, all Indians have low income. B) Consumers in Europe and Latin America are interested in World Cup soccer whereas Americans are not. C) There is a presence of a higher-income, middle-class segment in India. D) The potential customer base for McDonald's in India is greater than in any developed country. E) There is no running water and electricity in India.

60) Building layers of advantage, searching for loose bricks, changing the rules of competitive engagement, and collaborating are elements of Hamel and Prahalad's framework for: A) quality advantage. B) positioning. C) competitive innovation. D) marketing management. E) innovation leadership.

61) Which of the following actions were approved both by the Antitrust Review in the EU as well as in the United States? A) acquisition of Honeywell (U.S.) by GE (U.S.) B) joint venture between music businesses of EMI group (Great Britain) and Time Warner (U.S.) C) merger of Sony Music (Japan) and BMG (Germany) D) merger of WorldCom (U.S.) and MCI (U.S.) E) British Airways (U.K.) and American Airlines (U.S.)

62) The entry global retailing market expansion strategies include all of the following except: A) franchise. B) chain acquisition. C) departmental stores. D) joint ventures. E) organic.

64) The lesson that SRC (Self-Reference Criterion) teaches can be summarized as: A) a person's perception of market needs is framed by others cultural experience. B) the perceptual blockage and distortion about cultures are hard to reduce. C) an unbiased perception is a vital and critical skill in global marketing. D) an unconscious reference to one's cultural values is critical in global marketing. E) the prior success and ethnocentrism can override the SRC.

64) Which of the following best describes the legal basis for protection of trade secrets, patents, and copyrights in the United States? A) Trade secrets, patents, and copyrights are protected by federal statutes. B) Trade secrets, patents, and copyrights are protected by state law. C) Trade secrets are protected by state law, while patents and copyrights are protected by federal statutes. D) Trade secrets are protected by federal statutes, while patents and copyrights are protected by state law. E) Trade secrets, patents, and copyrights are not protected by any laws.

66) Generally speaking, which of the following product categories represents the best potential for extension into international markets without adaptation? A) companion products B) food products C) industrial products D) intangible products E) non-alcoholic drinks

66) In the 1960s, Honda took advantage of Harley-Davidson's focus on the heavyweight segment of the motorcycle market by offering smaller models and, eventually, larger ones. According to the strategic intent model, Honda was using a ________ strategy. A) collaboration B) layers of advantage C) loose bricks D) generic E) supplier power

66) ________ are variously referred to as buyer for export, export commission house, or export confirming house. A) Export brokers B) Export merchants C) Foreign purchasing agents D) Export managers E) Manufacturer's agents

67) The following criminal penalties may be imposed for violations of the FCPA'S (Foreign Corrupt Practices Act) antibribery provisions except: A) corporations are subject to a fine of up to $2,000,000. B) officers, directors, stockholders, employees, and agents are subject to a fine of up to $100,000. C) fines imposed on individuals can be paid by their employer or principal. D) the fines may be much higher, up to twice the benefit sought by the defendant. E) in addition to fines, there may be imprisonment for up to five years.

67) ________ is sometimes called a mother hen, a piggyback exporter, or an export vendor A) Export broker B) Export merchant C) Cooperative exporter D) Export manager E) Manufacturer's agent

69) Chinese direct-response television has learned that there are many obstacles that still need to be overcome, which includes all of the following except: A) consumers' savings rate is very low. B) limited number of private telephones. C) low penetration of credit cards. D) delivery logistics in crowded cities. E) all of the above are correct

7) In order to prevent a licensor-competitor from gaining unilateral benefit, licensing agreements should provide for: A) contract manufacturing. B) franchising. C) cross licensing. D) strategic decision making. E) adaptation for local tastes.

7) Which type of countertrade arrangement is required by governments seeking to reduce the budgetary impact of expenditures for defense or telecommunications? A) barter B) switch trading C) offset D) compensation trading E) none of the above

7) While some food preferences remain deeply embedded in culture, there is plenty of evidence that global dietary preferences are converging. Examples of such a change can be predicted from the: A) popularity of Domino's Pizza in Italy. B) preference for local hamburgers from a local chain, Jollibee's, in the Philippines. C) growing number of McDonald's restaurants globally. D) increased sales of soups and noodles in Thailand. E) popularity of Chinese foods in Taiwan.

70) Industry observers expect the popularity of home shopping to increase during the next few years due to: A) the formation of European Union. B) the economic development in India. C) the introduction of interactive television. D) the introduction of iPhone. E) the introduction of TV shops.

70) Suppose Apple has collected extensive survey data about its new iPhone, and respondents have rated it on 20 different features and benefits. Now researchers want to reduce the amount of data to a few underlying dimensions. Which data analysis technique should the researchers use? A) analogy B) conjoint analysis C) factor analysis D) multidimensional scaling E) cluster analysis

71) Which of the following can negatively influence the rate of diffusion of an innovation? A) substantial relative advantage B) high compatibility C) high complexity D) divisibility E) high level of communicability

72) The enlargement of the EU has impacted marketing strategies in the Eurozone countries by: A) making it difficult to export food products from one country to another. B) increasing the cost of production since the euro replaced local currency. C) shifting products from one market to another in the event of shortages. D) reduced tariffs and quotas for products imported from non-EU members. E) having less flexibility in the placement of factories.

73) An attribute which does not represent true global partnership is: A) achieving world leadership by differentiation. B) achieving a reciprocal relationship. C) relationship is organized vertical lines. D) continual transfer of resources. E) retaining national identities.

73) The Mini Cooper automobile was featured prominently in the blockbuster film The Italian Job. This illustrates the importance of ________ as a global marketing communication tool. A) consumer sales promotion B) sampling C) product placement D) trade sales promotion E) global awareness

73) The markets of Central and Eastern Europe present interesting opportunities and offer attractive opportunities for low-cost manufacturing due to: A) their location being close to the sea. B) the cultural similarities. C) wage rates being lower than in Spain, Portugal and Greece. D) strict laws and regulations. E) prohibitive tariffs and export restrictions.

74) A market researcher who uses multidimensional scaling (MDS) will: A) attempt to estimate market size by analogy. B) ask respondents to rate a particular product or brand in terms of multiple characteristics or attributes. C) ask respondents to evaluate product or brand pairs in terms of similarity. D) attempt to determine the combination of product features that create the greatest utility for consumers. E) conduct a focus group.

74) According to EU regulations, Kraft parmesan cheese cannot be sold in Europe because: A) it is expensive when compared to local products. B) it is considered genetically modified agricultural product. C) terms such as "Parmesan" is used on the package labels.. D) it does not contain salt and an enzyme. E) it contains synthetic cellulose powder.

74) In the 1990s, Philips Electronics developed a new consumer electronics product called the Digital Compact Cassette (DCC) player. DCC allowed users to record and playback in a new digital format; DCC was also designed to play the older, analog cassette tapes that many people own. This latter feature reflects which of the following characteristics of innovations? A) relative advantage B) communicability C) compatibility D) complexity E) divisibility

75) "Discussion and consensus must be the norms. Partners must be viewed as equals." When applied to global strategic partnerships, this statement indicates the importance of which factor? A) mission B) strategy C) governance D) culture E) organization

76) Chinese authorities ratified the WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Controls; which means: A) Chinese TV can show tobacco ads only after midnight. B) tobacco companies cannot show ads on TV but can sponsor sports events. C) all forms of tobacco promotion and sponsorships will be phased out by the year 2010. D) tobacco companies can use sponsorships of health and sporting events. E) tobacco companies can sponsor China's national soccer tournament after the year 2010.

77) If a marketing manager plans to enter newly industrializing-countries (NICs) or other Asia markets with a product that has proved to be successful in the home market, the product's diffusion processes are likely to be: A) negligible since consumers will take time to assess the relative advantage. B) much slower than in the home market. C) much faster than in the home market. D) similar to that in the home market. E) less compatible in the Asian market.

77) The possible arrangements for handling exports include all of the following except: A) as a part-time activity performed by domestic employees. B) through an export partner affiliated with the domestic marketing structure that takes possession of the goods before they leave the country. C) as a low-cost arrangement requiring no additional personnel. D) through an export department within an international division. E) for multidivisional companies, each of the preceding options is available.

77) The unauthorized distribution of trademarked goods to exploit price differentials in world markets is known as: A) market skimming. B) black marketing. C) gray marketing. D) dumping. E) licensing.

79) Critics warn that employees of a company that become reliant on an outside supplier for critical components will: A) encourage outsourcing B) become used to value-added components C) lose expertise and engineering skills D) use time for developing other skills E) look for employment with competitors

79) Political and social instability in the Middle Eastern region can primarily be attributed to: A) desert conditions and lack of agricultural land. B) cultural differences among nations. C) a wide gap between rich and poor nations due to oil revenues. D) lack of water purification facilities. E) the "Arab Spring."

8) Based on 2013 projections, the top 10 nations ranked by per capita income does not include: A) Switzerland. B) Qatar. C) Russia. D) Norway. E) Australia.

8) CRM tools allow companies such as Credit Suisse, AT&T, Hewlett-Packard and others to determine: A) warranty of products sold to consumers. B) amount paid by consumers in different countries. C) which customers are most valuable. D) the use of credit cards for payment. E) the use of laptop computers by customers.

8) eBay was a pioneer in a form of online marketing known as: A) b-to-c. B) b-to-b. C) p-to-p. D) d-to-d. E) c-to-b.

80) Boeing developed the wide-bodied aircraft, the 777, with about ________ of the work subcontracted out to Mitsubishi, Fuji, and Kawasaki. A) 50% B) 25% C) 20% D) 60% E) 75%

80) The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) includes all of the following countries except: A) Kuwait. B) Saudi Arabia. C) Iraq. D) Bahrain. E) Oman.

81) A number of factors combine to make Russia an excellent location for an alliance which do not include: A) a well-educated workforce. B) quality is important to Russian consumers. C) abundance of supplies. D) potential for economic growth. E) potential for growth in service sector.

81) Givenchy and Christian Dior's Dune fragrance are two of the luxury perfume brands that are sometimes diverted from authorized channels for sale at mass-retail outlets. This practice is referred to as: A) barter. B) switch trading. C) gray market. D) offset. E) dumping.

82) In spite of having about 45% of the world's known oil reserves, Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries post current-account deficits, largely because: A) of poor accounting practices. B) of vast economic diversification. C) they must import most of the goods and services. D) most of the oil is exported. E) new businesses are being developed.

82) Luxury good marketers found a new way to combat gray market imports into the United States. In March 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court let stand an appeals court ruling prohibiting a discount drugstore chain from selling Givenchy perfume without permission. The distinctive packaging of the perfume is also protected by the U.S. copyright law. The ruling implies that: A) Givenchy can only be sold in copyrighted packages. B) Costco and Walmart will no longer be able to sell Givenchy. C) Costco and Walmart will be able to sell Givenchy with authorization. D) gray marketers will be able to market with authorization. E) discount drugstores cannot market a product resembling Givenchy's perfumes.

84) The Swatch Group markets watches in all price ranges, from the Swatch brand at the low end to luxury brands such as Longines, Blancpain, and Breguet. Which target market strategy does this illustrate? A) standardized global marketing B) concentrated global marketing C) differentiated global marketing D) psychographic global marketing E) none of the above

85) Positioning refers to the act of: A) determining what areas of the globe to target. B) ensuring a choice retail shelf location. C) differentiating a brand in customer's mind. D) formulating a private label strategy. E) formulating a companion product.

86) The Middle East and North Africa are sometimes viewed as a regional entity referred to as: A) GCC. B) AMU. C) MENA. D) ACC. E) ECOWAS.

87) Which of the following completely eliminates the risk of nonpayment by an importer or a bank in an international transaction? A) documentary credit (letter of credit) B) documentary collection C) cash in advance D) sales on open account E) draft

89) A company stands a better chance of having an international arbitration award upheld if its home-country government has signed: A) the Paris Convention. B) the Prague Convention. C) the New York Convention. D) the Vienna Convention. E) the Geneva Convention.

89) Coca-Cola billboards were recently put up near the Piazza San Marco in Venice, which has numerous historical landmarks. The major reason for allowing the billboards at a prominent historical site is: A) Coke is a very popular drink in Italy. B) to introduce an American product in an emerging market. C) a severe lack of funds for historic renovation. D) aesthetic reasons. E) the prominence of global marketing.

9) Ericsson, IKEA, Saab, and other companies based in Sweden have looked beyond their borders for significant growth market because: A) Sweden has high total annual income. B) Sweden has low total annual income. C) Sweden has a fairly small population. D) Sweden is land locked geographically. E) Sweden has relaxed export policies.

90) The formulation, imagery, and consumer appeal of Colgate's Total brand toothpaste were designed to translate across national boundaries. This new global brand represents which type of product innovation? A) discontinuous innovation B) dynamically continuous innovation C) continuous innovation D) comparative innovation E) dynamically discontinuous innovation

91) Whirlpool conducts usability studies that provide insight into the ways consumers interact with its products. In one study in an emerging market, engineers and designers stood behind a two-way mirror and watched as a volunteer put groceries away in a Kenmore Elite refrigerator. The Whirlpool team recorded a variety of data, such as the amount of time required for the volunteer to finish the task and the number of features used. The basis of this research study was based on the fact that: A) listening to customers is only possible in America. B) data collected in the United States should be applicable in other countries. C) consumers in different countries prefer different types of features. D) in China, it will be difficult to find enough space in homes to put a refrigerator. E) in India, refrigerators are seldom used by customers.

91) ________ occurs when a manufacturer conspires with wholesalers or retailers to ensure certain retail prices are maintained. A) Horizontal price fixing B) Dumping C) Vertical price fixing D) Gray marketing E) Black marketing

92) The introduction of consumer VCRs in the late 1970s initiated a revolutionized in-home electronic entertainment. For example, assuming the user could learn to set the timer, he or she could tape programs to watch at a later time. The VCR's popularity also gave rise to an entirely new retailing concept, the video rental store. What type of innovation did the consumer VCR represent? A) a continuous innovation B) a dynamically continuous innovation C) a discontinuous innovation D) a comparative innovation E) none of the above

92) Which of the following financing methods would be used by an exporter that enjoys good relations with a buyer in a well-established market? A) letter of credit B) cash in advance C) sales on open account D) barter E) arrival draft

92) Which of the following is not true of Japanese keiretsu? A) promotes risk sharing B) promotes long-term employment C) ensures low prices for Japanese consumers D) blocks foreign suppliers from the Japanese market E) relationships are cemented by bank ownership

93) BMW advertises its cars as the "ultimate driving machine" which is described as positioning based on: A) high touch. B) use/user. C) attribute/benefit. D) competition. E) quality/price.

95) Breaking all the conventional norms, Selfridge opened his department store just off Oxford Street. The changes incorporated include all of the following except: A) perfume and fragrance were moved to the front in order to avoid any horse dung odors. B) goods were put within reach of the customers. C) goods were kept behind counters and were available by asking store clerks. D) customers always came first. E) early bird specials were offered.

95) Which of the following is generally true about the marketing of high-touch products such as fine china and crystal? A) It relies equally on specialized information and image. B) It relies less on image and more on specialized information. C) It relies less on specialized information and more on image. D) Neither image nor specialized information is relevant to the marketing of high-touch products. E) It relies partially on specialized information and partially on image.

97) By definition, a ________ requires a large amount of learning on the part of users and typically creates new markets and consumption patterns. A) continuous innovation B) dynamically continuous innovation C) discontinuous innovation D) platform-based innovation E) new and improved innovation

97) When a marketer understands that a product satisfies a buyer's rational criteria while also evoking an emotional response, the marketer should: A) only target consumers in high-income countries. B) utilize a multi-tiered targeting strategy rather than a concentrated strategy. C) commission psychographic segmentation studies to augment demographic data. D) create advertising that reflects a bipolar, high-tech and high-touch approach. E) follow normal targeting strategy.

98) "Cost-based," "market-based," and "negotiated" are three approaches to: A) dumping. B) gray marketing. C) transfer pricing. D) price skimming. E) counter trade.

98) The challenges in bringing the Smart across the Atlantic include all of the following except: A) the euro's strength relative to dollar. B) DaimlerChrysler merger ended. C) Smart was under the ownership of DaimlerChrysler. D) Smart was under the ownership of Daimler AG. E) distribution and promotion critical to a successful U.S. launch.

98) Which of the following is true of advertising for the Heineken and Foster's brands in the United States? A) Both Heineken and Foster's utilize the GCCP strategy. B) Both Heineken and Foster's utilize the FCCP strategy. C) Heineken utilizes the GCCP strategy; Foster's utilizes the FCCP strategy. D) Heineken utilizes the FCCP strategy; Foster's utilizes the GCCP strategy. E) Heineken utilizes the LCCP strategy; Foster's utilizes the GCCP strategy.

99) Joseph Quinlan, chief marketing strategist at Bank of America, estimated that about 25 percent of U.S. merchandise exports represent shipments by American companies to their foreign affiliates and subsidiaries. This situation underscores the importance of ________ in global marketing. A) dumping B) gray marketing C) transfer pricing D) price skimming E) price fixing

99) The world's best-known cosmetics companies are setting their sights on a lucrative new market segment: the emerging middle classes in countries such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China. However, these companies have to understand: A) that women's preferences for cosmetics are same in all countries. B) that Chinese consumers are not willing to invest in beauty products. C) what beauty means to Chinese women. D) that working Indian women currently prefer only local brands. E) cosmetics are preferred mostly by the top end of the market in China.

99) Which of the following refers to a system of farm subsidies in Europe? A) CVD B) FSC C) CAP D) HTS E) NTR

1) For Starbucks and other companies whose business models include a service component, it is not recommended that they use one of the following methods for going global. A) joint ventures B) licensing C) 100-percent ownership D) exporting E) franchising

1) The only marketing mix element that is applicable in export selling is: A) price. B) product. C) promotion. D) place. E) process.

10) Would-be franchisors ask all of the following questions except one before expanding overseas: A) How tough is the local competition? B) Does the government respect trademark and copyrights? C) Can profits be easily repatriated? D) Can products be easily counterfeited? E) Is commercial space available?

103) Restrictive administrative and technical regulations can create barriers to trade which may take all of the following forms except: A) antidumping regulations. B) product size regulations. C) safety and health regulations. D) common agricultural policies. E) safety and pollution regulations.

13) Arrange the following in order from lowest to highest level of economic integration. A) customs union→economic union→free trade area→common market B) economic union→customs union→common market→free trade area C) common market→free trade area→economic union→customs union D) free trade area→customs union→common market→economic union E) common market→economic union→customs union→free trade area

13) McDonald's operates in over 118 countries; however, 80% of its restaurants are located in nine countries which does not include the following country market: A) Australia. B) Brazil. C) Germany. D) India. E) Japan.

13) McDonald's success in franchising in global markets can be attributed to several factors which do not include: A) a well known global brand name. B) a business system that can be easily replicated. C) local market knowledge. D) cross licensing. E) granting franchisees leeway to tailor menu offerings to suit local tastes.

14) The concentration of wealth in a handful of industrialized countries has significant implications for global marketers. After segmenting in terms of a single demographic variable-income- a company can reach the most affluent markets which does not include: A) half of the EU nations B) all of North America C) Canada and Mexico D) 90 percent of the world's population E) Japan.

2) Which of the following is true about proper use of the term "countertrade"? A) The term "countertrade" is interchangeable with "offsets." B) The term "countertrade" is interchangeable with "barter." C) The term "countertrade" is interchangeable with "counterpurchase." D) "Countertrade" is a blanket term that refers to several different types of business transactions. E) The term "countertrade" is interchangeable with "dumping."

22) The law of disproportionality suggests that ________ percent of the company's menu or profits are accounted for the 20 percent of a firm's products or customers. A) 50 B) 60 C) 70 D) 80 E) 90

25) "Usage rates" and "user status" are important criteria for which segmentation variable? A) demographic B) occupational C) psychographic D) behavioral E) benefit

25) ________ represents the cumulative added value of a company's investment in the marketing of a brand over time. A) A brand extension B) Co-branding C) Brand image D) Brand equity E) Brand loyalty

26) Campbell's Soup is making significant inroads into Japan's $500 million soup market as time-pressed homemakers place a premium on convenience. This type of consumer segmentation by Campbell's Soup is referred to as: A) demographic. B) occupational. C) psychographic. D) benefit. E) behavioral.

26) In India, consumers do not like to be locked in to long-term contracts, and Apple distributes its iPhone exclusively through stores operated by Airtel, an Indian carrier, and Vodaphone. This pricing is an example of: A) gray market. B) price bundling. C) market skimming. D) razors and blades. E) cost-based.

26) ________ can also be thought of as an asset representing the value created by the relationship between the brand and its customers over time. A) Brand extensions B) Co-branding C) Brand image D) Brand equity E) Brand loyalty

27) According to Euromonitor International, the global market for foods that offer health benefits is currently worth about $________ billion in annual sales. A) 300 B) 400 C) 500 D) 600 E) 700.

28) Nutraceuticals are health food products which are manufactured by: A) Kraft foods. B) General Mills C) Campbell's soups. D) Nestlé foods. E) Gerber foods.

28) The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is fully adopted by all U.S. states except: A) Virginia. B) North Dakota. C) Wisconsin. D) Louisiana. E) Montana.

29) Honda has invested $550 million in building an assembly plant in Greensburg, Indiana; IKEA spent nearly $2 billion to open stores in Russia; and South Korea's LG Electronics purchased a 58% stake in Zenith Electronics. All of these are examples of: A) acquisition. B) licensing. C) franchising. D) FDI. E) exporting.

29) The German civil-law tradition prevails in all of the following countries except: A) Poland. B) Hungary. C) Czech Republic. D) Scandinavia. E) Germany.

3) The availability of the product processed, prepared, in proper condition, and/or ready to use is referred to as: A) place utility. B) price utility. C) information utility. D) form utility. E) product utility.

3) There is nothing inherently "good" or "bad" about any color of the spectrum and all associations and perceptions regarding color arise from culture. Which of the following statements is not true? A) Red is a popular color in most parts of the world. B) Red color is associated with "active," "vibrant," and "emotional." C) Red color is preferred in many countries since it is the color of blood. D) Red color is highly preferred in some African countries. E) Red color is tied to the traditions of viticulture and winemaking.

3) Which form of regional cooperation agreement, when fully implemented, entails creation of a unified central bank, the use of a single currency, and common policies on agriculture, social services, and welfare? A) Free trade area B) Customs union C) Common market D) Economic union E) Dispute settlement body

30) Strictly speaking, a (n) ________ is an entry strategy for a single target country in which the partners share ownership of a newly created business entity. A) acquisition B) licensing C) franchising D) joint venture E) exporting

31) A logo can be all of the following except: A) Word Mark B) Non-word Mark C) Brand symbol D) Brand equity E) Trade Mark

31) Islamic law is a comprehensive code based in part on: A) Anglo-Saxon common law. B) Roman law and the Napoleonic Code. C) the Uniform Commercial Code. D) the Koran. E) the French Civil Code.

32) The export and import process can entail red tape and bureaucratic delays. In an effort to facilitate exports, countries are designating certain areas as: A) import control zones. B) special tariff zones. C) global business zones. D) free trade zones. E) duty free zones.

33) A manufacturer attempting to set prices for its products in export markets must realize that CIF, VAT, and distributor markup all lead to: A) currency devaluations. B) dumping charges. C) market skimming. D) price escalation. E) market penetration.

33) Which of the following does not fit into the sequence of experiences Anheuser-Busch had in Japan? A) Anheuser-Busch first entered Japan by means of a licensing agreement with Suntory, the smallest brewery in Japan. B) Anheuser-Busch created a joint venture with Kirin Brewery, the market leader. C) Anheuser-Busch dissolved the joint venture with Kirin Brewery. D) Anheuser-Busch entered into a joint venture with Kirin Brewery. E) Anheuser-Busch reverted to a licensing agreement with Kirin Brewery.

34) Alfred Zeien, former chairman of Gillette, once noted that his company's Parker Pen unit does not have to develop a special model for Malaysia and Singapore because shoppers worldwide seek the same things when buying a gift that will serve the recipient as a status symbol. This insight relates to which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A) physiological B) safety C) social D) esteem E) self-actualization

34) Implementation of the Central American Free Trade Agreement with the United States created a free trade area known as DR-CAFTA that includes all SICA members except: A) Honduras. B) Guatemala. C) Nicaragua. D) Panama. E) Costa Rica.

36) Toyota learned many things from its partnership with GM, however American managers involved in the venture complained that: A) Toyota learned many things about the U.S. supply system. B) Toyota learned about the U.S. transport system. C) Toyota learned about managing American workers. D) Toyota did not apply manufacturing expertise at GM plant. E) Toyota applied its expertise at its Camry plant.

4) An ________ system allows a company's business units to submit orders, issue invoices, and conduct business electronically with other company units as well as outside companies. A) Internet B) intranet C) ECR D) EDI E) EPOS

40) Ford Motor Company (United States) has a 50-50 joint venture to build Ford Fiestas with: A) Toyota (Japan). B) Shanghai Automotive Industry (China). C) BMW (Germany). D) Mahindra & Mahindra (India). E) Mazda (Japan).

45) For consumer products, qualitative research is especially well suited to accomplish all of the following tasks except: A) provide consumer understanding. B) describe the social and cultural context of consumer behavior. C) identify core brand equity and brands. D) assess consumer spending trends. E) what consumers really feel.

46) Which of the following would constitute a copyright violation? A) manufacturing and selling illegal videocassette copies of "Spiderman 2" B) manufacturing and selling illegal copies of Levi "501" jeans C) printing and selling illegal copies of Harry Potter books D) A, B, and C are copyright violations. E) A and B are copyright violations.

48) Porter's four generic strategies for achieving competitive advantage are: A) price determination, cost leadership, product differentiation, distribution savings B) cost leadership, product differentiation, cost challenger, product challenger C) price leadership, product differentiation, price challenger, cost differentiation D) cost leadership, product differentiation, cost focus, focused differentiation E) cost leadership, product differentiation, consumer differentiation, focused differentiation

48) Predicting economic and income growth rates is particularly important when researching which type of market? A) existing markets B) latent markets C) parallel markets D) incipient markets E) local markets

49) Which of the following would not be used by an exporter with a weak home-country currency? A) Expand product line and add more costly feature. B) Speed repatriation of foreign-earned income. C) Buy advertising, insurance, and other services in home-country market. D) Shift sourcing outside home-country market. E) Exploit marketing opportunities in all markets.

50) Which of the following is not one of the steps in the Strategic/Consultative Selling Model? A) develop personal selling philosophy B) develop relationship strategy C) develop product strategy D) develop ethnocentric policy E) develop customer strategy

52) Germany's Mittelstand companies have been extremely successful pursuing ________. A) cost leadership B) differentiation C) cost focus D) focused differentiation E) cost differentiation

53) Which of the following generic strategies best captures the way Harley-Davidson has achieved competitive advantage in the global motorcycle industry? A) cost leadership B) differentiation C) cost focus D) focused differentiation E) cost differentiation

54) Hundreds of small companies such as Martin-Logan and Mark Levinson compete in the high-end audiophile segment of the consumer electronics industry. If analyzed in terms of Porter's generic strategies framework, such companies might be said to be pursuing competitive advantage via: A) cost leadership. B) differentiation. C) cost focus. D) focused differentiation. E) consumer differentiation.

55) Global automakers are targeting the U.S. market with SUVs. All of the following SUVs are assembled or manufactured in the listed country except: A) Porsche in Germany. B) Honda in Japan. C) Volkswagen in Slovakia. D) Kia in India. E) Mercedes-Benz in the United States.

56) European consumers have faced a number of food-related issues, including an outbreak of hoof-and-mouth disease and continuing concerns over mad cow disease. As a result, many are skeptical about GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) and the benefits of eating food products that incorporate genetically-engineered ingredients. As one French citizen noted recently, "We have a very risk-averse society that has been completely traumatized by food scares." Thinking about this situation in terms of Hofstede's cultural values framework, one might reasonably interpret this remark to indicate that France ranks relatively high in: A) Power Distance. B) Short-term Orientation. C) Masculinity. D) Uncertainty Avoidance. E) Individualism.

56) In Singapore, Coca-Cola wanted to develop an advertisement program. They selected a group of teenagers and a trained moderator facilitated discussion asking questions related to brand's image, advertisement, social trends, TV watching habits, and snack usage. This type of research is called: A) survey research. B) observational studies. C) comparison studies. D) focus group research. E) experimental research.

56) The country which has the highest rates of value added tax (VAT) in the European Union is: A) Germany. B) Italy. C) France. D) Denmark. E) Switzerland.

56) Which of the following is true about protection of computer software? A) Copyright laws protect both the actual code and the idea embodied in the code. B) Patent laws protect both the actual code and the idea embodied in the code. C) Patent laws protect the actual code, while copyright laws protect the idea. D) Copyright laws protect the actual code, while patent laws protect the idea. E) License protects both the actual code and the idea embodied in the code.

57) Which of the following is true about revised U.S. patent laws? A) Patents are valid for 17 years after the patent is granted. B) Patents are valid for 17 years after the patent is filed. C) Patents are valid for 20 years after the patent is granted. D) Patents are valid for 20 years after the filing date of the application. E) Patents are valid as long as the product is manufactured.

58) When Walmart stores first expanded into Mexico, management established a joint venture with the country's largest retailer. Judging by the approach Walmart used, management must have viewed Mexico as: A) culturally close and easy to enter. B) culturally distant and easy to enter. C) culturally close and difficult to enter. D) culturally distant and difficult to enter. E) culturally difficult and easy to enter.

59) Assuming a company is not characterized by an ethnocentric orientation, in which global selling situation would it be most likely to utilize sales agents? A) developed country/high tech product B) developed country/low tech product C) less developed country/high tech product D) less developed country/low tech product E) none of the above

60) In which global selling situation would a company be most likely to utilize host country sales agents? A) developed country/high tech product B) developed country/low tech product C) less developed country/high tech product D) less developed country/low tech product E) none of the above

61) In which global selling situation would a regiocentric company be most likely to utilize third country nationals as sales agents? A) developed country/high tech product B) developed country/low tech product C) less developed country/high tech product D) less developed country/low tech product E) none of the above

61) Procter & Gamble's introduction of All-Temperature Cheer laundry detergent in Japan was a flop at first. The problem was that Japanese women wash clothes in cold water-either tap water or leftover bath water-so they don't care about all-temperature washing (which is a big selling point in the United States). Also, Cheer was first introduced in Japan at a time when the market for fabric softeners in Japan was rapidly expanding. However, when Japanese housewives added lots of fabric softener to the water, Cheer didn't produce many suds (Americans don't use as much fabric softener). P&G reformulated the product so it wouldn't be affected by fabric softeners, and ads for Cheer in Japan pledged superior cleaning in cold water, not all temperatures. Which of the following might have helped P&G avoid the initial problems with Cheer? A) Maslow's hierarchy B) high vs. low context culture C) diffusion of innovation D) self-reference criterion E) polycentric orientation

61) When British entrepreneur Richard Branson established the first Virgin Megastore in Japan, he established a joint venture with the Marui retailing chain. Judging by the approach Branson used, he and his management team must have viewed Japan as: A) culturally close and easy to enter. B) culturally distant and easy to enter. C) culturally close and difficult to enter. D) culturally distant and difficult to enter. E) culturally difficult and easy to enter.

62) In the terminology of the strategic intent framework for competitive advantage, a firm that establishes advantages in a number of different areas has: A) attribute diversity. B) marketing breadth. C) comparative advantage. D) layers of advantage. E) a "double diamond."

62) The Walt Disney Company's decision to build a theme park in France provides an excellent vehicle to understanding SRC (Self-Reference Criterion). All of the statements listed below portray this meaning except: A) Disney executives believed there is virtually unlimited demand for American cultural exports. B) French are sensitive about American cultural imperialism. C) Consuming wine with the midday meal is a long-established custom which was not realized by Disney executives. D) Disney executives were blinded by their prior success and ethnocentrism. E) The SRC can be a powerful negative force in global business.

64) When managers at Matsushita realized that cost advantages in TV production were often fleeting, they added quality and reliability advantages, thus establishing: A) loose bricks. B) a "double diamond." C) attribute diversity. D) layers of advantage. E) buyer power

64) Which of the following environmental characteristics affects use of direct marketing in Europe? A) the European Commission's concern about privacy B) high postal rates in several countries C) mailing list industry is still developing D) linguistic, cultural, and regional diversity E) all of the above

65) The U.S. Justice Department objected to a recent patent license agreement between S.C. Johnson & Sons and Bayer AG. The antitrust unit at the Justice department objected to: A) the duration of the license. B) the amount of royalties Johnson agreed to pay. C) Bayer's attempts to circumvent FDA policies. D) the exclusive nature of the license agreement. E) the hostile arrangement between Bayer and Johnson.

66) A competitive business environment is now characterized by all of the following characteristics except: A) unprecedented degrees of turbulence. B) dynamism. C) unpredictability. D) inadaptability. E) environmental responsiveness.

67) European countries will definitely benefit by having an FTA with the United States. However there are some sticky points which need resolution. All of the following points need consideration except: A) that the EU restricts the import of most genetically modified crops, which are common in the United States. B) further reduction of tariffs which now average between 2 and 3 percent. C) a variety of regulations that hamper cross-border investment and purchasing. D) the US government would like easing of restrictions for purchasing European goods. E) the name "Parmesan" applied to the "cows-milk" cheese.

67) Which country ranks as Europe's catalog sales leader? A) France B) UK C) Spain D) Germany E) Italy

68) Which of the following is not a characteristic of global strategic alliances? A) Participants maintain independence outside the framework of alliance. B) Participants share benefits as well as control. C) Participants make ongoing contributions in technology, products, and other areas. D) Participants focus on an individual country market. E) Participants share benefits of the alliance.

69) Prior to 2004, Nokia launched different cell phone products in different countries at different times. Nokia also used different advertising images and messages in different countries. Which approach to the world marketplace was Nokia using? A) product-communications extension B) product extension-communications adaptation C) product adaptation-communications extension D) product-communication adaptation E) product invention

7) Regulators in different countries have proposed various regulations for product labeling. All of the following statements pertaining to such regulations are true except: A) mandatory health warnings on tobacco products are required in most countries. B) the American Automobile Labeling Act clarifies the country of origin as well as the final assembly point. C) in 2008, the United States enacted a country of origin labeling (COOL) law. D) the use of terms "light" and "natural" are allowed on labels only in the United States. E) McDonald's is posting nutrition information on all food packaging and wrappers in selected markets.

70) Which of the following shows the correct order of the product adoption process? A) evaluation→trial→awareness→interest→adoption B) trial→interest→evaluation→awareness→adoption C) interest→awareness→adoption→trial→evaluation D) awareness→interest→evaluation→trial→adoption E) adoption→evaluation→trial→interest→awareness

70) ________ is an independent marketing intermediary that acts as the export department for two or more manufacturers whose product lines do not compete with each other. A) Manufacturer's export agent B) Export commission representative C) Export merchant D) Export management company E) Cooperative exporter

71) According to Michael Porter's research on the competitive advantage of nations, Switzerland's large synthetic dye industry and the success of the Swiss pharmaceuticals can be explained in terms of: A) factor conditions. B) demand conditions. C) strategy, structure, and rivalry. D) related and supporting industries. E) formation of European Union

71) Campbell's has been marketing soup in Japan for more than 40 years. Early on, Japanese consumers were not receptive to ads featuring the Campbell Kids and the "M'm M'm Good" slogan. This compelled Campbell's to develop ads featuring a talking soup can known as "Mr. Campbell." Campbell's also developed soup varieties for Japan with fish as the main protein source and spices that reflect local preferences. As described here, which of the following strategies has Campbell's used in Japan? A) product-communications extension B) product extension-communications adaptation C) product adaptation-communications extension D) product-communication adaptation E) product invention

71) Which automaker was described as using an ethnocentric approach to setting prices in the United States? A) Toyota B) Nissan C) Volkswagen D) Mercedes E) Lexus

71) ________ are licensed specialists in traffic operations, customs clearance, and shipping tariffs and schedules. They can be considered as the travel agents for handling export goods. A) Foreign purchasing agents B) Export brokers C) Export merchants D) Freight forwarders E) Cooperative exporters

72) Worldwide spending on outdoor advertising amounts to about ________ of total advantage spending. A) 1 percent B) 2 percent C) 4 percent D) 6 percent E) 10 percent

74) The ________ framework was developed by Professor Richard D'Aveni to describe a business environment in which no form of competitive advantage can be sustained for long because of escalating and accelerating competitive forces. A) five forces model B) generic strategies C) strategic intent D) hypercompetition E) factor conditions

75) Advertising clutter is a problem in Japan's fiercely competitive marketplace. This means that advertisers and ad agencies must be especially ________ in order to make an impact amid all the neon signs and electronic video billboards. A) competitive B) technical C) aggressive D) creative E) global

76) Which of the following consumer products companies experienced a major product failure in Europe due to inadequate test marketing? A) Procter & Gamble B) Colgate C) Kao D) Unilever E) Seagram

78) Celeste Atkinson is a lifestyle and entertainment manager for Audi and her job is to create buzz by ensuring that vehicles such as the Audi A8L and the S8 sports sedan figure in paparazzi photos. This is referred to as: A) lifestyle placement. B) blockbuster placement. C) promotion placement. D) product placement. E) photo placement.

78) When Tag Heuer, a marketer of luxury watches, takes out newspaper ads urging consumers to purchase Tag Heuer products from authorized dealers only, the company is most likely attempting to combat the ________ problem. A) countertrade B) market holding C) price escalation D) gray market E) market skimming

79) The effective integration of products and brands with entertainment can be seen on the TV hit American Idol. This type of trend is referred to as: A) advertising age. B) traditional advertising. C) global advertising. D) branded entertainment. E) image entertainment.

8) Global marketers must understand the importance of visual aesthetics embodied in the color or shape of a product, label, or package. Which of the following statements is not true regarding the use of color in selected countries? A) The yellow color on Caterpillar's earthmoving equipment is acceptable worldwide. B) Packaging aesthetics are particularly important to the Japanese. C) The color white is associated with death and bad luck in some Asian countries. D) The red Marlboro color had to be changed in some Asian countries. E) The Chinese consider the color red to be lucky.

8) To win a contract to supply the United Kingdom with AWACS military aircraft, Boeing agreed to purchase products from the United Kingdom whose value was equivalent to 130% of the contract. This type of pricing arrangement, which is common when the customer is a foreign government and the product has military applications, is known as: A) barter. B) switch trading. C) compensation trading. D) offset. E) dumping.

80) If a company sells products in export markets at prices that are below fair market value and that can harm producers in the export market that company may be accused of: A) market skimming. B) using offsets. C) pursuing artificially high margins. D) dumping. E) gray marketing.

80) The "double-diamond" approach to national competitive advantage is a conceptual framework associated with: A) Michael Porter. B) Gary Hamel and C.K. Prahalad. C) Richard D'Aveni. D) Alan Rugman. E) Antonio Perez.

82) When companies operate abroad in the absence of home-country legal constraints, the best choice for ethical conduct would be: A) to ignore bribery and act as if it does not exist. B) to maintain home-country ethics worldwide with no adaptations. C) to abandon any attempt to maintain company ethics. D) to have a product that is clearly superior to that of the competition. E) to adapt in varying degrees to local customs and practices.

86) In the Uruguay round of GATT negotiations, many countries took issue with the U.S. system of laws, in part because historically the U.S. Commerce Department almost always ruled in favor of the U.S. company that filed the complaint. This was related to the laws pertaining to: A) black marketing. B) market skimming. C) gray marketing. D) dumping. E) licensing.

87) A commodity raw material that comes from Africa, is refined in Asia, is shipped to South America for finishing, and finally is transported to the Middle East and then sold around the world mimics products marketed by: A) Exxon. B) McDonald's. C) Caterpillar. D) IKEA. E) Sears.

87) For positive proof that dumping has occurred in the United States, both ________ and injury must be demonstrated. A) black marketing B) market skimming C) gray marketing D) price discrimination(phân biệt giá cả) E) price fixing

87) In India, only about 10% of men who shave use Gillette razors. Worldwide, 50% of male shavers use Gillette products. To achieve greater penetration in India, Gillette rolled out a no-frills brand that costs 15 rupee ---- about 34 cents. The Gillette Guard has a lighter handle that is cheaper to produce. It also lacks the lubrication strip found in Gillette's more expensive razors, and replacement blades cost only 5 rupees (11 cents). This use of data and process are described as: A) demand pattern analysis. B) income elastic analysis. C) factor analysis. D) market estimation by analogy. E) multidimensional scaling.

87) The world's newest common market includes all of the following countries except: A) Kenya B) Tanzania C) Rwanda D) Nigeria E) Burundi

9) An intern from the United Kingdom was working in an American software company during summers. One day her boss gave her a memo asking her to post it, with the intention of having it put on the bulletin board. To her boss's surprise the letter was mailed by the intern since the word "post" means "mail" in British English. In communication terms this error can be attributed due to: A) syntax. B) phonology. C) morphology. D) semantics. E) semiotics.

9) Pollo Campero, a chicken restaurant chain based in Central America, is using the following method for expanding operations in the United States: A) joint ventures. B) licensing. C) exporting. D) franchising. E) acquisition.

9) Suppose that World Corp. signs a contract to build a lumber processing plant in Siberia. If World Corp. signs a second contract agreeing to take partial payment for the plant in the form of lumber products produced at the plant, it is engaging in: A) barter. B) switch trading. C) offset. D) compensation trading. E) a hybrid countertrade arrangement.

9) The American Automobile Labeling Act clarifies all of the following except: A) country of origin. B) final assembly point. C) the percentages of the major sources of every car and truck. D) information about car dealer. E) aesthetic style.

90) A market research study of soft drink consumption and distribution in Hungary commissioned by an American company indicated that soft drinks were available in drugstores. However, Western-style drugstores do not exist in Hungary. This illustrates an important issue in global marketing research, namely: A) inflated data. B) using convenience samples. C) market estimation by analogy. D) comparability of data. E) using multiple dimensional scaling.

90) A massive effort dubbed as "Mose Project" is underway in Venice in order to: A) promote passive tourism. B) reduce the number of billboards on historic sites. C) provide biblical information to tourists. D) prevent flooding. E) modernize accommodations.

90) Other than tariffs, there are certain problems that restrict free trade between the European Union and the United States which includes all of the following except: A) use of genetically modified agricultural products. B) product labeling. C) Hollywood movie domination. D) Internet usage. E) cultural diversity.

90) Which of the following transportation modes ranks lowest in capability? A) truck B) railroad C) Internet D) air E) water

91) Which of the following arranges export financing payment methods in descending order starting with the most secure/reliable and ending with the least secure/reliable? A) sales on open account→cash in advance→documentary credit (L/C)→documentary collection (draft) B) documentary credit (L/C)→sales on open account→documentary collection (draft)→cash in advance C) documentary collection (draft)→documentary credit (L/C)→cash in advance→sales on open account D) cash in advance→documentary credit (L/C)→documentary collection (draft)→sales on open account E) none of the above

92) Germany's Bayer Group was fined millions of dollars to settle a lawsuit alleging it had conspired with Archer Daniels Midland and other global companies to set prices for an enzyme used in animal feeds. What was the issue in this lawsuit? A) price skimming B) market penetration C) price bundling D) price fixing E) dumping

93) Nintendo was fined nearly $150 million after it was determined that the video game company had colluded with European distributors. The distributors in countries with lower retail prices had agreed not to sell to retailers in countries with high prices. This is a classic example of: A) price skimming. B) market penetration. C) price bundling. D) price fixing. E) transfer pricing.

93) Which of the following methods of financing would be used if the exporting and importing parties had a strong, long-standing relationship? A) documentary credit (letter of credit) B) documentary collection C) cash in advance D) sales on open account E) bank draft

94) After four years of product development, Procter & Gamble recently introduced a new, improved disposable diaper. Pampers Rash Guard diapers are designed to prevent diaper rash and represent the first time a company has made a medical claim for its diapers. What kind of innovation do the new diapers represent? A) platform-based innovation B) dynamically continuous innovation C) discontinuous innovation D) continuous innovation E) none of the above

98) The organizational decision to purchase production inputs, components, or finished goods from domestic or foreign producers is known as the ________ decision. A) import/export B) NTB C) preferential D) sourcing E) security

1) In 2014, the EU filed a complaint that the government of Washington state violated international trade rules by: A) charging that cotton subsidies depressed prices and disadvantaged producers in emerging markets. B) prohibiting Internet gambling, the United States was violating global trade agreements. C) imposing 30 percent tariffs on a range of steel imports for a period of three years. D) imposing tariffs on a range of products imported from Brazil. E) extending tax incentives to Boeing for in-state manufacture of the 777x jetliner.

1) In spite of Walmart's potential to transform India's retail sector for the better, Indian activists and policy makers are worried because: A) Western-style, big-box retailing is anathema. B) millions of shopkeepers will be out of business. C) policy makers are suspicious of the company's motives. D) attitude that can be traced back to the British East India company of the colonial era. E) all of the above

1) Japan is Coach's second largest market, representing about 20% of global sales. All of the following statements are true regarding the market for Coach's products compared to that in America except: A) Japanese consumers are enormously brand-centric. B) Japanese consumers are not as brand loyal as American consumers. C) American women tend to carry two or three brands while their Japanese counterparts tend to carry as many as five. D) The company's $500 handbags are especially popular with young women. E) Coach has to work on improving its brand image in Japan.

1) The trend showing popularity of ethnic or regional foods such as sushi, falafel, or pizza worldwide is referred to as the ________, which provides an opportunity for marketers to pursue one or more segments on a global scale. A) segmentation of markets B) popularity of segmentation C) promotion of products and services D) identification of consumers E) pluralization of consumption

1) Which of the following statements does not reflect the changes that have taken place in Russia? A) Russian shoppers spend billions each year on luxury goods, tourism, and foreign real estate. B) Affluent Russians can shop at boutiques that offer Versace, Burberry, Bulgari, and other exclusive brands. C) The Kremlin limits foreign investment in strategic industries such as oil. D) In March 2014, Putin angered the West by annexing Crimea, a region that had been considered part of Ukraine. E) Faced with a financial crisis and a test of his political will, Putin responded by blaming the protestors for Russia's problems.

100) In the summer of 2006, it was announced that the company's Smart car would be offered for sale in the United States. Which global company was responsible for bringing the Smart car to market? A) Swatch B) Volkswagen C) Nissan D) Ford E) DaimlerChrysler

100) ________ is an independent marketing intermediary that acts as the export department for two or more manufacturers whose product lines do not compete with each other. A) Export commission B) Manufacturer's export agent C) Cooperative exporter D) Freight forwarders E) Export Management Company

101) Which of the following establishes classification numbers that must be used by importers and exporters? A) NTR B) CVD C) FSC D) NTB E) HTS

107) A number of explanations have been offered for the low level of U.S. exports relative to other countries. All of the following can be considered as reasons for low level of exports except: A) limited ambition by many American business owners. B) lack of knowledge of market opportunities abroad. C) perceived lack of necessary resources. D) marketing to home-country users is easier than exporting. E) a strong U.S. dollar translates into less affordable prices in export markets.

12) In 2013, the 10 most populous countries in the world accounted for just over ________ percent of the world income. A) 20 B) 30 C) 40 D) 50 E) 60

14) In exchange for a pledge to carry at least 40 different Procter & Gamble products, participating stores receive regular visits from P & G representatives who tidy and arrange display areas. This motivational program is referred to as: A) "buy-in-bulk" store program. B) "high-frequency" store program. C) "mom-and-pop" store program. D) "shop operators" program. E) "golden store" program.

2) The efforts of global companies to reach low-income consumers in emerging markets highlight the importance of skillful global market segmentation and targeting. Market segmentation represents: A) targeting prospective customers. B) finding customers who can respond to advertisement. C) promoting products and services internationally. D) identifying customers who can help in promoting products. E) identifying customers based on common characteristics.

2) The music industry's use of big data shows how information about buyer behavior and the overall business environment is vital to effective managerial decision making. All of the factors listed below facilitate decision making for music industry except: A) Musicians can interact with fans via social networks. B) Big data allows record executives and band managers to find patterns and discern market trends. C) Big data allows executives to see what factors "move the needle" across a variety of metrics. D) Data analytics permit record company executives to overlay information about an artist's appearance on a TV show. E) Big data helps in increasing revenues from paid downloads.

2) Which of the following is not true about a personal visit to size up the market firsthand and begin the development of an actual export-marketing program? A) Confirm assumptions regarding market potential B) Contradict assumptions regarding market potential C) Gather additional data to help make decisions D) Develop a marketing plan in cooperation with local agents E) Arrange a face-to-face meeting and avoid going to trade shows

20) In the study entitled "The Euroconsumer: Marketing Myth or Cultural Certainty?" researchers identified four lifestyle groups. The group that represents mainstream European consumers was labeled as: A) Successful Idealists. B) Affluent Materialists. C) Young Professionals. D) Trendy Teens. E) Disaffected Survivors.

23) Although environmental scanning is a vital source of information, research has shown that headquarters executives of global companies obtain as much as two-thirds of the information they need from: A) government publications. B) professional publications. C) trade publications. D) census data. E) personal sources.

24) Sony's U.S. consumer segments include all of the following except: A) Affluent. B) Zoomers. C) SoHo. D) Gen Y. E) Fashionists.

24) Which of the following environmental factors may require marketers to adjust their approach to conducting international as opposed to domestic marketing research? A) Researchers must be prepared for new parameters of doing business. B) Company personnel must come to grips with a new set of culture-based assumptions about conducting business. C) Research may help reduce psychological overload. D) Researchers may have to broaden the definition of competitors to include competitive pressures not present in the domestic market. E) All of the above

27) A firm without much export experience uses the rigid cost-based pricing method. Which of the following considerations is the exporter ignoring? A) Is the price competitive in view of local market conditions? B) Does the price reflect the product's quality? C) Will authorities in export markets view the price as reasonable or exploitative? D) Does the price take antidumping laws into consideration? E) all of the above

27) Governments commonly use activities to support and encourage firms that engage in exporting. Such activities include all of the following except: A) tax incentives. B) subsidies. C) export assistance. D) free trade zones. E) voting rights.

27) What happens if a nation has allowed a case against it to be brought before the ICJ (International Court of Justice) and then refuses to accept a judgment against it? A) American Arbitration Association can be sought for justice. B) UN Conference on International Trade Law can be approached. C) International Chamber of Commerce will be another source for seeking justice. D) European Court of Justice can be approached if the country is in the European Union. E) The plaintiff nation can seek recourse through the UN Security Council.

29) As a starting point, firms that comply with Western cost-accounting principles typically use the pricing method known as: A) price bundling. B) target costing. C) cost-plus pricing. D) export price costing. E) full absorption cost.

29) The Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) has helped devise export strategies for companies in: A) Singapore. B) South Korea. C) Taiwan. D) Hong Kong. E) Japan.

3) Export marketing requires all of the following except: A) an understanding of the target market environment. B) the use of marketing research. C) identification of market potential. D) decisions concerning product design. E) reaching retail customers.

3) The most general term for the global phenomenon involving reciprocal business interactions between parties in various countries is known as: A) switch trading. B) barter. C) offset. D) compensation trading. E) countertrade.

30) The four tigers-Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong-learned from the ________ experience and built strong export-based economies of their own. A) Chinese B) Indian C) German D) American E) Japanese

30) Which pricing strategy has the advantage of being simple to calculate but has the disadvantage of ignoring demand and competitive conditions? A) gray marketing B) skimming C) penetration D) market holding E) cost-based

31) There are several preferred trading arrangements in Latin America which include all of the following except: A) SICA. B) the Andean Community. C) CARICOM. D) Mercosur. E) BRIC.

31) Which of the following is an appropriate guideline for companies selecting independent distributors in international markets? A) Select distributors; don't let them select you. B) Look for distributors capable of developing markets. C) Treat local distributors as long-term partners. D) Maintain control over marketing strategy from day one. E) All of the above are appropriate guidelines.

32) Procter & Gamble has identified a group of consumers in Europe who are willing to pay premium prices for pet food that will improve the health of their pets. This is an example of ________ segmentation. A) demographic B) psychographic C) ethnic D) behavioral E) benefit

32) The five original members of the Central American Integration System did not include: A) El Salvador. B) Honduras. C) Guatemala. D) Nicaragua. E) Venezuela.

32) Which of the following is not in the top five of the world's most valuable brands according to 2012 rankings? A) Sony B) Microsoft C) Coca-Cola D) GE E) Nokia

34) Anyone undertaking a market research project should understand that the first step is: A) setting the budget. B) determining the methodology to use. C) deciding who will see the final report. D) defining the problem. E) determining the information requirement.

34) The following activities must be performed when goods cross international boundaries except: A) obtaining currency permit. B) packing goods for export. C) transporting the goods. D) preparing a land bill of lading. E) receiving payments.

35) For consumer products, qualitative research is especially well suited to: A) get close to the consumer. B) describe the cultural context of consumer behavior. C) identify core brand equity. D) identify what people really feel. E) all of the above

36) A nontariff barrier (NTB) includes all of the following except: A) quotas. B) discriminatory procurement policies. C) restrictive administrative policies. D) restrictive technical regulations. E) ad valorem duty.

36) The unit of analysis can be a single country or region; however, for all market-entry decisions ________ data are not required. A) specific city B) statewide C) provincial D) district wise E) country wide

36) Which of the following is not one of the levels in the Asian version of Maslow's hierarchy? A) physiological B) safety C) affiliation D) admiration E) self-actualization

4) After the research effort has zeroed in on potential markets, marketers should: A) work on understanding the target market environment. B) modify methods used for marketing research. C) identify products that can be marketed. D) make decisions concerning product design. E) plan a personal visit.

4) Licensing as a market entry mode has several disadvantages and opportunity costs, which does not include: A) limited market control. B) agreement may have short life. C) leveraging and exploiting by licensee. D) similar product or technology development by licensee. E) adaptations by licensee to fit local tastes.

40) Marketers must be aware of the impact of SRC and other cultural assumptions since: A) it can have several positive effects on market planning. B) it enhances management's willingness to pursue market research. C) it can help ensure that the research effort is designed with minimal home-country bias. D) it can help ensure that the research effort is designed with minimal second-country bias. E) All of the above are correct.

43) Which of the following correctly reflects marketing expert David Arnold's recommendations for companies engaged in global market research? A) use multiple indicators B) develop customized measures specific to an industry or product C) conduct comparative assessments in neighboring countries D) observation should be weighted more heavily than statements of purchase intention E) all of the above

43) Which of the following trends is consistent with a relatively high level of headquarters involvement in sales promotions? A) higher proportion of marketing budget allocated to sales promotion activities B) need for managerial skills with promotion formulation and implementation C) strong global brand D) increased retail concentration and consolidation E) all of the above

44) The unauthorized publication or reproduction of copyrighted work is referred to as: A) associative counterfeit. B) imitation. C) mistake. D) trade secrets. E) piracy.

44) Which automaker owns an equity stake in Japan's Nissan Motor? A) GM B) Volkswagen C) Ford D) DaimlerChrysler E) Renault

44) Which of the following is not recommended by expert David Arnold for companies engaged in global market research? A) use multiple indicators B) develop customized measures specific to an industry or product C) conduct comparative assessments in neighboring countries D) observation should be weighted more heavily than statements of purchase intention E) assess a particular market in isolation

45) Coupons are not a favorite promotion tool for use in: A) the United Kingdom. B) Belgium. C) the United States. D) Italy. E) Malaysia.

45) If a distributor's margins are based on the "landed" price of an import shipment, they will be based on: A) ex-works price. B) transportation costs. C) insurance costs. D) VAT. E) all of the above

46) All import charges are assessed against the A) ex-works price. B) rigid cost-plus price. C) estimated future cost price D) flexible cost-plus price E) landed price

46) Avon Products uses ________ to enter developing markets. A) franchising and licensing B) joint venture and licensing C) acquisition and franchising D) licensing and franchising E) acquisition and joint ventures

47) According to Geert Hofstede, which of the following is a key cultural dimension that helps account for rapid economic growth in Asia? A) power distance B) individualist/collectivist C) feminine/masculine D) uncertainty avoidance E) long-term orientation

48) Which of the following is the largest retailer in the world in terms of annual sales according to the top five global retailers, 2012? A) Sears B) Metro C) Kmart D) Carrefour E) Walmart

49) When a survey questionnaire in English is translated into Korean for use in South Korea and then translated back into English to check its accuracy, it is described as: A) incipient translation. B) comparative translation. C) native translation. D) parallel translation. E) back translation.

50) Tools that can be used for collecting primary data include: A) survey research and interviews. B) consumer panels and observation. C) focus groups and survey research. D) interviews and observation. E) all of the above

52) All of the following statements are true regarding services provided by Uber except: A) in Brussels, a court fines drivers who use the service B) in London and other major cities, drivers have staged demonstrations claiming unfair competition. C) regulators in Germany succeeded in obtaining a temporary injunction banning the service. D) Uber was banned in the Delhi region after a driver was accused of sexually assaulting a female passenger. E) Uber is considered as an "information-society service" in 250 cities where it operates.

52) Emerging markets present a number of challenges to anyone conducting market research, which includes all of the following except: A) underdeveloped technology infrastructure. B) geographic issues. C) data-gathering methodologies. D) privacy issues. E) lack of field teams.

53) A marketer of breakfast cereals might send researchers to preselected households at 6 A.M. to watch families go about their morning routines. The client could also assign a researcher to accompany family members to the grocery store to record their behavior under actual shopping conditions. This type of research method is considered as: A) focus group. B) invasion of privacy. C) consumer panel study. D) factor analysis. E) observation.

53) In the six-step presentation plan the first and last steps are respectively: A) presentation; demonstration. B) approach; close. C) presentation; negotiation. D) approach; presentation. E) approach; servicing the sale.

53) Which is not considered as a long-term value? A) persistence B) sense of shame C) thrift D) ordering relationships E) search for truth

54) Which of the following criteria should marketers use when assessing opportunity in global target markets? A) current size of the segment B) anticipated growth potential C) competition D) compatibility with company's overall objectives E) all of the above

56) Which of the following is not an element of Rugman and D'Cruz's flagship model? A) key suppliers B) key customers C) key consumers D) selected competitors E) focused differentiation

57) Managers must decide how well a company's product fits the country market by asking all of the following questions except: A) Will adaptation be required? B) Will import restriction drive up the product price? C) Is it advisable to source locally? D) Will strong home currency have an adverse impact on product price? E) Will it be possible to neglect home-country regulations?

57) The flagship model is evident in the strategies of all but one of the following businesses. A) Ford B) Volkswagen C) IKEA D) Benetton E) Microsoft

58) The feasibility of targeting a particular market segment can be negatively impacted by various factors. Which of the following is not of those factors? A) regulatory hurdles. B) cultural barriers. C) lack of distribution system. D) time required to establish business. E) surplus demand.

59) The European Commission has jurisdiction over European-based companies as well as non-European ones that generate significant revenues in Europe. If Microsoft applies in Europe, the Commission has a right to all of the following except: A) it can block a proposed merger. B) it can block a proposed joint venture. C) it can approve with minor modifications. D) it can demand substantial concessions before granting approval. E) it can refer serious matters to the UN Security Council.

6) The possible arrangements of the responsibilities for handling exports include all of the following except: A) as a part-time activity performed by domestic employees. B) through an export partner affiliated with the domestic marketing structure. C) through an export department within an international division. D) through an export department that is independent of the domestic marketing structure. E) through an export department of an embassy in a foreign country.

6) Various types of political risk insurance to U.S. companies is provided by: A) BERI (Business Environment Risk Intelligence). B) PRS Group. C) EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit). D) WTO (World Trade Organization). E) OPIC (Overseas Private Investment Corporation).

60) Basic criteria that marketers should keep in mind while assessing opportunities in global markets include all of the following except: A) current size of the market segment. B) anticipated growth potential of the market. C) compatibility with company's overall objectives. D) competition in the market. E) securing first mover advantage.

61) Companies like Coca-Cola had the first-mover advantage since they were the first company to enter a global market. The first-mover advantages include all of the following except: A) best chance of becoming world leader. B) advantage in adapting to the local culture. C) lead in advertising and promotion exposure. D) gain business experience. E) substantial investments in marketing.

62) Consten, a French company, had exclusive rights to import and distribute German Grundig's electronic products into France. One of the competitors started bringing "parallel imports" into France illegally, importing Grundig product bought from a foreign supplier. Which of the following does not represent an action taken by different legal bodies? A) Consten's complaint was upheld by two French courts. B) The Paris Court of Appeals suspended the judgment of the French courts. C) The Paris Court of Appeal's judgment was based on pending a ruling by the European Commission. D) The European Commission ruled against Consten on the grounds that territorial protection proved to be damaging to the Common Market. E) The European Commission ruled that German Grundig was in violation of the laws of the Common Market.

63) Caterpillar's attention was focused elsewhere when Komatsu made its first international entry into the Eastern European Market. Based on the strategic intent framework this is an example of: A) changing the rules. B) collaborating. C) comparative advantage. D) layers of advantage. E) loose bricks.

65) Which of the following is not a useful guideline for U.S.-based direct marketers wishing to reach global customers? A) Do not treat prospects as though they are American. B) Do not automatically assume that a direct-mail campaign that works in one country will work in another country. C) Do not assume that all Europeans are similar in their tastes and wants. D) Customers should be able to return products to an address in their local country market. E) All of the above are useful guidelines.

66) According to Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index scores for 2014, the country which was listed as most corrupt was: A) Iraq. B) Uzbekistan. C) Chad. D) Afghanistan. E) Somalia.

67) Which of the following is not a characteristic of global strategic partnership? A) Participants maintain independence outside the framework of alliance. B) Participants share benefits of the alliance. C) Participants share control over the performance of the assigned tasks. D) Participants make ongoing contributions in technology, products, and other areas. E) Participants agree not to compete in areas unrelated to the alliance.

69) Markets of Central and Eastern Europe present interesting opportunities and challenges. Companies such as 3M International, McDonald's, Philips Electronics, and Henkel are moving into the region for all of the following reasons except: A) that region is an important new source of growth. B) that the first company to penetrate a country market often emerges as leader. C) wage rates are much lower than those in Spain, Portugal, and Greece. D) that region offers attractive locations for low-cost manufacturing. E) core products and Western brand names need changes are appropriate for business.

69) One of the basic elements of sociologist Everett Roger's Diffusion theory is the concept of an "adoption process." The first step in this adoption process is: A) interest. B) evaluation. C) trial. D) adoption. E) awareness.

69) The terminology used to describe the new forms of cooperation strategies varies widely and the phrases used include all of the following except: A) collaborative agreements. B) strategic alliances. C) global strategic partnerships. D) strategic international alliances. E) Greenfield operations.

69) Which of the following would not be taken into account by a company using an ethnocentric approach to pricing decisions? A) the possibility of implementing a penetration strategy B) profitable price points that could be tied to local sourcing as opposed to home-country sourcing C) integration of price with other marketing mix elements D) factors unique to individual country markets E) None of the above would be taken into account by a company using ethnocentric pricing.

7) The high level of political risk currently evident in Russia can be attributed in part to: A) changing of name of the country. B) changing the national flag. C) excessive loans from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). D) participation in the WTO (World Trade Organization). E) excessively high taxes on business operations.

70) GSPs (Global Strategic Partnerships) are attractive for several reasons which do not include: A) sharing high product development costs. B) sharing technological developments. C) securing access to national and regional markets. D) continuous transfer of technology between partners. E) focus on a single national market or a specific problem.

70) Management strategic options pertaining to products that are facilitated by a single European market include: A) standardized packaging and labeling. B) consolidated production. C) shift from brand to benefit segmentation. D) seeking marketing economies. E) all of the above

71) Because they are in transition, the markets of Central and Eastern Europe present interesting opportunities and challenges which include: A) new sources of growth. B) first mover advantage. C) exporting as an entry mode. D) lower wage rate. E) all of the above

71) One study of adult involvement in household tasks revealed greater similarities between the United Kingdom and the United States compared with France, Belgium, and French Canada. Thus, the United States and United Kingdom were "twins" based on common language. This study is an example of: A) market latency. B) conjoint analysis. C) factor analysis. D) multidimensional scaling. E) cluster analysis.

71) Which of the following does not fit in with the factors that should be considered by companies forming GSPs? A) Partners are competitors to each other. B) Harmony is the most important measure of success. C) All employees and managers must understand where cooperation ends and competitive compromise begins. D) Learning from partners is critically important. E) none of the above

72) Having partners from another country can have advantages which include all of the following except: A) reducing product development costs. B) securing technology. C) access to capital. D) shared risks. E) increased competition.

72) The rate of adoption of the new Apple watch is slow, particularly in developing country markets with low rates of literacy. This can generally be attributed to which characteristics of innovation? A) compatibility B) relative advantage C) divisibility D) communicability E) complexity

72) The rivalry between Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Gateway, Compaq, and Apple forces all the players to undertake all of the following except: A) develop new products. B) improve existing one. C) lower costs and prices. D) develop new technologies. E) none of the above

73) Campbell is the world's largest soup company, commanding about 80% of the U.S. canned soup market. However, the company has a presence in only 6% of the world's soup markets. Russians eat 32 billion servings of soup each year, and the Chinese consume 300 billion! By contrast, Americans eat 15 billion servings each year. Sensing a huge opportunity, Campbell has dispatched teams to observe Russian and Chinese habits. This type of interpretation and decision is based on: A) demand pattern analysis. B) income elastic analysis. C) time series displacement. D) polycentrism. E) comparative analysis.

73) Chance events play a role in shaping the competitive environment. Chance events are occurrences which include all but one of the following: A) major technological breakthroughs. B) wars and their aftermath. C) oil crisis. D) currency fluctuations. E) annual business meeting.

73) Colgate's Total is a new toothpaste brand whose formulation, imagery, and consumer appeal were designed from the beginning to translate across national boundaries. Which strategy did Colgate use with Total? A) product-communications extension B) product extension-communications adaptation C) product adaptation-communications extension D) dual adaptation E) product innovation

74) Hindustan Lever recently developed a hard candy flavored with natural fruit juice that it sells profitably in India for the equivalent of 1 cent per piece. This is Hindustan Lever's first-ever candy product. What strategy is evident here? A) product-communications extension B) product extension-communications adaptation C) product adaptation-communications extension D) dual adaptation E) product invention

78) The success of CFM International (the strategic partnership between GE and Snecma) can be attributed to which of the following? A) compatibility of the partners B) capability of the partners C) commitment of the partners D) personal chemistry between executives E) all of the above

78) Which of the following is not one of the four arenas in which dynamic strategic interactions are played out in hypercompetitive industries? A) cost/quality B) timing and know-how C) entry barriers D) deep pockets E) buyer and supplier power

79) Both Nestlé and Cadbury determined that a liquid chocolate confection would be one way to address the issue of India's hot weather. This is an example of: A) differentiated target marketing. B) standardized global marketing. C) competitive global marketing. D) target benefit marketing. E) product-market decision

79) Direct representation, as opposed to representation by independent intermediaries, for exporting by the market country, has several advantages which do not include: A) facilitates control and communications. B) allows decisions concerning program development and resource allocation. C) benefits when a product is not yet established in a market. D) ensures marketer's interest and special efforts. E) helps selling products directly to the consumer in the market country.

79) Gray markets impose several costs or consequences on global marketers, which does not include: A) damage to channel relationships. B) dilution of exclusivity. C) free riding D) reputation and legal liability. E) increase product demand

8) The advantages of "contract manufacturing" include all of the following except: A) access to technical specifications by subcontractors. B) access to technical specifications by local manufacturers. C) a licensing firm can specialize in product marketing. D) limited commitment of financial resources. E) considerable commitment of management resources.

80) The management of a large manufacturer located in Mexico decided to improve productivity by investing a large sum of money. Vendors from different countries showed interest in getting involved. One such international manager of an American company reached Mexico without knowing who to contact. Finally, he contacted the Commercial Attaché at the American embassy. Realizing that the international manager had not done his homework, he advised him about business in Latin America. His advice included all of the following except : A) business cannot be done in Mexico as in the States. B) sseveral contact are important before talking business. C) price is only one of the many things that is taken into consideration. D) people are very proud of their Spanish blood as well as liberation from Spain. E) talk about their history and Spanish origin.

80) Which of the following is true about the innovation diffusion process in Asia? A) Japan has a high-context culture with a relatively homogeneous population. B) Because risk avoidance is a cultural value, there are fewer innovators in Asia than in the United States. C) Once innovators in Asia have tried a product, early adopters and the early majority quickly follow suit. D) After a new product has achieved success in one Asian market, it is likely to be adopted in other Asian markets at an even faster rate. E) All of the above are true.

82) India's vehicle market can be segmented into: A) First time car buyers B) Generation Y drivers C) different age group drivers D) women drivers E) scooter and motorcycle drivers

84) Which of the following is true of the arbitration framework created by the New York Convention? A) Signatory countries can require parties to an arbitration agreement to actually use arbitration. B) Signatory countries recognize and can enforce arbitration judgments. C) There are limited grounds for appealing arbitration decisions. D) The grounds that are recognized are different than the typical appeals that are permitted in a court of law. E) all of the above

85) Physical distribution and logistics are concerned with all but one of the following: A) order processing. B) warehousing. C) inventory management. D) transportation. E) designing in-store displays.

88) According to David Arnold, there are four possible approaches to forecasting by analogy, which does not include which of the following? A) Data is available on a comparable product in the same country. B) Data is available on the same product in a comparable country. C) Data is available on the same product from a dependent distributor in a neighboring country. D) Data is available about a comparable company in the same country. E) Data is available on the same product in every country.

88) Inventory management is: A) determining what type of warehouse to manage. B) establishing an inventory channel. C) managing physical distribution of products. D) purchasing products. E) ensuring cost control.

88) Products that belong to the category of "game changers" are considered as ________ innovations. A) new product B) line extensions C) continuous D) dynamically continuous E) discontinuous

88) When John Brooks, a defender on the U.S. men's national soccer team, scored the winning goal against Ghana late in a first-round game of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 2014 World Cup at Arena Amazonia, nearly 16 million American TV viewers were tuned in. Considering this statement, which of the following statements is incorrect? A) The record-setting television audience for World Cup 2014 provided evidence of soccer's growing popularity in the United States. B) The victory in Brazil was especially sweet because Ghana's Black Stars was the team that had defeated the Americans in a second-round game at the 2010 World Cup in South Africa. C) Ghana had ended Team USA's hopes in the 2006 World Cup in Germany. D) The U.S. team lost to Portugal in the game that attracted nearly 25 million American TV viewers. E) FIFA has chosen Total Apparel Group (TAG) to boost soccer's visibility and popularity among Americans.

89) Guidelines which can assist managers in their effort to establish global brand leadership include all of the following except: A) create a compelling value proposition for customers. B) before taking brand overseas, select name, marks and symbols. C) make a process template available to all managers. D) assign specific responsibility for managing branding issues. E) make a process template for international consumers.

9) In Great Britain, the Wine and Spirit Association estimates that, on average, cars returning from France are loaded with 80 bottles of wine. This is most likely due to A) trademarks and copyrights violation. B) cross-border smuggling. C) bribes accepted by officers. D) antitrust scrutiny. E) high excise and VAT taxes.

99) The corporate development team at Virgin evaluates more than a dozen proposals each day from outside and within the company. When assessing new-product ideas, they look for all of the following except: A) synergy with existing Virgin products. B) pricing and return on investment. C) marketing opportunities. D) if the idea "uses or abuses" the Virgin brand. E) aesthetic attributes of competitors products.

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