MKTG 312 Exam Practice Questions

__________ is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society.

Consumer behavior

Which of the following statements is true regarding culture?

Culture is acquired

__________ occurs when a stimulus is placed within a person's relevant environment and comes within range of their sensory receptor nerves.

Exposure

CARU guidelines allow for the use of price minimizations such as "only $19.99."

False

Cultures are static and rarely change.

False

The societal marketing concept focuses exclusively on meeting the needs of a company's customers.

False

Weber's Law is an example of a contribution to consumer behavior that comes from pharmacology.

False

While culture heavily influences marketing strategy, culture is not influenced by marketing strategy.

False

_________ is the process by which decisions that directly or indirectly involve two or more family members are made.

Family decision making

__________ is the assignment of meaning to sensations.

Interpretation

__________ occurs when a child learns appropriate, or inappropriate, consumption behaviors by observing others.

Modeling

Which of the following is the American advertising industry's primary self-regulatory body?

National Advertising Division of the Council of Better Business Bureaus

__________ are rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations.

Norms

_________ values reflect a culture's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society.

Other-oriented

Which of the following statements is false regarding marketing practices?

Regulating marketing activities requires a higher level of understanding of consumer behavior than does managing marketing programs.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding self-concept and culture?

Those aspects of the self that are most valued and most influence consumption and other behaviors do not vary across cultures.

Advertising is frequently criticized as fostering overly materialistic, self-focused, and short-term values in children.

True

In the VALS typology, individuals are classified according to their primary motivations, which are ideals motivation, achievement motivation, or self-expression motivation.

True

It is critical that a firm consider value from the customer's perspective.

True

Wardrobing is an example of a consumer ethical misbehavior.

True

The type of socialization where a person learns a culture other than their native culture:

acculturation

Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I am now?

actual self-concept

Stages of the household life cycle are based on

age of the adult members. marital status of the adult members. presence of children. age of children.

Which of the following is typically included in a psychographic or lifestyle study?

attitudes activities and interests values demographics

How can an organization provide superior customer value to customers?

by doing a better job of anticipating and reacting to customer needs than the competition does

Which of the following is considered a symbol that has varying meaning across cultures?

colors animals numbers music

A distinctive subgroup of society that self-selects on the basis of a shared commitment to a particular product class, brand, or consumption activity is known as a

consumption subculture.

Adoption of which type of innovation requires relatively minor changes in behavior or changes in behaviors that are unimportant to the consumer?

continuous innovation

Advertising run by a firm to cause consumers to unlearn inaccurate information they acquired as a result of the firm's earlier advertising is called

corrective advertising

Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy?

demographics values language nonverbal communications

The type of socialization where a person learns his or her native culture is referred to as:

enculturation

Which of the following is the primary source of consumer socialization?

family

A __________ has at least two members related by birth, marriage, or adoption, one of whom is the householder (i.e., the one who owns or rents the residence).

family household

Two or more individuals who share a set of norms, values, or beliefs and have certain implicitly or explicitly defined relationships to one another such that their behaviors are interdependent is known as a(n)

group

Charles was examining his perception of himself as whom he would like to be. Charles is examining his

ideal self-concept

Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of "who I would like to be"?

ideal self-concept

One of the major distinctions of self-concept is between __________ and __________—which is also related to an important value dimension in the United States and abroad.

independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept

Which type of influence occurs when an individual uses the behaviors and opinions of reference group members as potentially useful bits of information?

informational

Which type of training occurs when a parent or sibling specifically and directly attempts to bring about certain responses through reasoning or reinforcement?

instrumental training

Perception is a process that begins with consumer exposure and attention to marketing stimuli and ends with consumer

interpretation

The minimum amount that one stimulus can differ from another with the difference still being noticed is referred to as the

just noticeable difference

Which of the following act as limits on marketers' activities?

legal and regulatory constraints, political constraints, and competitive constraints

Some individuals have information about many different kinds of products, places to shop, and other aspects of markets. They can be considered a special type of opinion leader and are known as

market mavens

A part of the larger market whose unique needs & characteristics differ from other parts of the market is referred to as a (n) _____

market segment

The product, price, communications, distribution, and services provided to the target market is referred to as the ______.

marketing mix

Which of the following is considered an individual factor affecting attention?

motivation

According to the Census Bureau, a __________ household is a householder living alone or exclusively with others to whom he or she is not related.

nonfamily

Which type of reference group influence occurs when an individual fulfills group expectations to gain a direct reward or to avoid a sanction?

normative

Which is not an external influence on consumer behavior?

perception

An image of the product or brand in the consumer's mind relative to competing products and brands is referred to as the product's

position

What are the two dimensions of the VALS typology of consumers?

primary motivation and resources

Which of the following is not an adopter category?

procrastinators

______ is the field of science that studies characteristics of human sensation/perception.

psychophysics

The form of consumer research that focuses on understanding and interpreting, and that is characterized by researchers generating hypotheses from data collected is known as the ___.

qualitative perspective

Which type of reference group involves relatively weak ties and less frequent interaction among its members?

secondary group

Changing the channel when a radio commercial comes on, flipping past the ads in a newspaper or magazine, and avoiding a salesperson at BestBuy are all examples of ways for consumers to selectively avoid exposure to marketing messages, often referred to as

selective exposure

______ suggests that when consumers perceive a match between their self-concept and a brand/product image, positive outcomes (e.g., positive evaluations, greater satisfaction) are more likely.

self-congruity theory

Richard is reassessing his life and asking himself, "How am I seen by others?" He is also asking himself, "How would I like to be seen by others?" Richard is seeking his

social self-concept

Using one marketing strategy across various cultures is referred to as

standardization

All of the following are elements of a marketing ethnography except.

statistical generalizations

J&J Produce is a distributor of fresh produce. It conducted a thorough analysis of its market and identified groups of consumers that had similar product-related needs. One particular market identified wanted fresh and unique produce, such as Swiss chard, radicchio, and exotic fruits, and they were willing to pay higher prices for these choices. J&J Produce decided to focus its marketing effort on this segment of the total market. This segment is J&J's _____.

target market

______ is the lowest intensity of a stimulus that consumers are capable of perceiving.

the absolute threshold

Which of the following is a major concern regarding legal and ethical behavior with respect to marketing communications?

the accuracy of the information provided

Which of the following refers to what children learn with respect to consumption?

the content of consumer socialization

A family purchase decision differs from an organizational decision in

the level of emotion involved.

Which of the following refers to how children learn with respect to consumption?

the process of consumer socialization

Attention is determined by which factor?

the stimulus, the individual and the situation

In studying reference groups, identification influence is also called __________ influence.

value-expressive

Which of the following is a factor determining a reference group's influence on a consumer?

whether or not the product is a necessity whether the use of the product or brand is visible to the group the degree of commitment the individual feels to a group the individual's confidence in the purchase situation