mktg final exam

Channel management Materials management Physical distribution Logistics (correct) Transportation.

"Inventory in motion or at rest throughout the supply chain" is called:

Investment banker Financial broker Financial agent Industrial distributor Facilitating agent. (correct)

Wells Fargo provides the financial services that allow supply chain members (wholesaling and retailing intermediaries) to establish and operate their businesses. In this context, Wells Fargo is a(n) ________.

selling agent. manufacturers' agent. drop shipper. broker. (correct) commission merchant.

When Jon Jones decided to sell 10 acres of land, he contacted Leona Anderson. She showed the land to a potential buyer who wanted to build a home on the site, explained the market conditions for land in the area, and helped negotiate the terms of the sale. She left the final decision about the sale up to Jon and the young couple. Anderson is most likely a:

Logistics network Production channel Distribution channel (correct) Marketing channel Wholesale channel.

A _____ consists of the set of people and firms involved in the transfer of title to a product as it moves from producer to ultimate consumer or business user.

Selling agent Manufacturers' agent Drop shipper Broker (correct) Commission merchant

A _____ is an independent agent wholesaling middleman that brings buyers and sellers together and provides marketing information to both parties.

Broker. Specialty (limited line) wholesaler. (correct) Truck distributor. Manufacturers' agent General merchandise wholesaler

A full-service wholesaler in Dallas takes title to the products it stocks and sells i.e. a complete line of home repair products for small, independently owned hardware stores. This wholesaler is a:

Cash-and-carry wholesaler. Specialty wholesaler. Rack jobber. (correct) Manufacturers' agent. Broker.

A grocery store chain has decided to sell a small assortment of fast moving hardware items. However, it is not certain what stock to carry in which stores and does not want to leave the decision to the local store manager. The chain could use a:

AVC declines by 90% with each doubling of cumulative output AVC declines by 9% with each doubling of cumulative output *AVC declines by 10% with each doubling of cumulative output (correct) AVC declines by 1% with each doubling of cumulative output None of the above is correct

A manufacturer of a very labor-intensive product wishes to employ the 'experience curve' to predict the AVC associated with various levels of cumulative production volume. Based on the first lot of 1,000 units, AVC are $12.50 per unit. You may assume that this level of AVC is attained at the point where the first 1,000 units are produced. The producer expects an experience constant or rate of about .9. The experience constant or experience rate is interpreted as:

Cash-and-carry wholesaler. Specialty wholesaler. Rack jobber. (correct) Manufacturers' agent. Broker.

A national grocery store chain has decided to sell an assortment of hobby, gardening, and cook books. Buyers in the chain's main office are not certain what to stock because they think that consumers in different areas of the country will probably be interested in different books. The store managers have said they don't know what to order either. The chain should probably get help from a:

The company should use sales branches everywhere, since it will cost more to use manufacturers' agents. The company will probably have to rely only on manufacturers' agents, since they will only be willing to take the widely scattered markets if they can have the good territories too. The company should use its own sales branches in the concentrated territories and agents, probabaly manufacturers' agents, in the others--assuming the concentrated territories are large enough to support sales branches. (correct) The company should use manufacturers' agents in the best territories and sales branches in the others, since good agents won't work the smaller territories. All of the above are good alternatives.

A producer has a few territories where many big customers are concentrated, but most of its target customers are spread all over the country. How should the company structure its sales program?

Engaged in legal, but unethical price gouging. Cutting the regular price on a few items with the hope of attracting customers. (correct) Leading the industry in pricing and encouraging its competitors to raise their prices, too. . Selling its most popular products at higher prices. Raising the price of its best-selling products

A retail firm that uses leader pricing is:

Internal atmospherics (correct) Internal personality Interior position Interior brand image

A retail store's _____________ include the decor, merchandise arrangement and crowding, general layout, background music, color schemes, scents, acoustics and noise levels, lighting, and cleanliness of stores.

To pass along to retail salesclerks who aggressively sell the product. To offset the handling costs for a new product. (correct) For paying the supplier's invoice before the product is delivered. If the manufacturer can't fill an order by the promised delivery date. None of the above--stocking allowances only apply to wholesalers.

A retailer might expect a stocking allowance:

Direct marketing (correct) Direct selling In-store retailing Soft marketing as opposed to brick and mortor retailing Distance marketing.

Direct mail, telemarketing, on-line marketing, and direct response advertising are all components of ___________ .

A direct channel to consumers, with sales via the internet Selling to wholesalers who, in turn, sell to furniture retailers Employing an agent to handle sales to other intermediaries (correct) Selling directly to large scale retailers of custom furniture.

A small manufacturer of custom cabinets wants to expand sales but does not wish to get involved directly with selling or any other marketing activities. The manufacturer probably will opt to employ which form of channel structure for reaching consumers?

Accumulating Allocating (correct) Sorting Assorting. Grading

Aggregate Chemical Supply is a large wholesaler of chemical products. Aggregate buys in large quantities from its suppliers and then resells these chemicals in smaller amounts to its customers across the Southwest US. Which supply chain (channel) function is being performed by Aggregate?

Supercenters Supermarkets (correct) Discount stores Category killers Department stores.l

Albertsons, Kroger's, Safeway, H.E.B., and A&P are nationally located corporate chains of ______________ .

Neighborhood center Community center Regional center (correct) Power center Factory outlet mall.

America's largest ___________ is the Mall of America, located outside of Minneapolis. The mall contains over 800 stores, including 100 restaurants and nightclubs. The mall also hosts a theme park, hotels, miniature golf courses, and water slides.

72 14 (correct) 18 36 22

Cash discount terms of 2/10, net 60 on an invoice would, in effect, amount to borrowing at an annual interest rate of about ________ percent if the buyer did not pay the invoice within the 10 days allowed.

Administered VMS (correct) Coporate VMS Contractual VMS Voluntary chain Franchise.

Channel captains are associated with which type of channel structure?

Revenue leveraging Profit leveraging of costs (correct) Supply chain profit leveraging Scale economies None of the above.

Consider the following statement: "If the net profit margin on each sales dollar earned is 5%, a supply chain operational savings of $5,000 yields the same return to the Firm's bottom line as would a sales increase of $100,000." This statement reflects:

Neighborhood centers (correct) Community centers Regional centers Power centers Factory outlet malls.

Convenience stores, barber shops, hair stylists, manicurists, delis, and other small specialty stores tend to locate their facilities in ________________ in order to target consumers living nearby, attracting consumers who are primarily interested in a combination of convenience and lower prices.

Warehouses Distribution centers (correct) Storage facilities Cold storage warehouses Assembly facilities.

Core-Mark, a large grocery wholesaler, maintains a number of _____________ at key points in the United States that receive products from a large number of manufacturers in truckloads. Deliveries are received, sorted, accumulated, and reallocated to retailers in an efficient and timely manner.

A merchant wholesaler (correct) A drop shipper An agent middleman A manufacturer's agent A rack jobber.

Denton Plumbing, Inc. buys plumbing supplies, piping, fixtures, and tools from different manufacturers and resells them to construction companies. Denton is MOST LIKELY:

Horizontal supply chain conflict. Verical supply chain conflict. (correct) Vertical channel dissonance. Contract re-negotiations.

Estee Lauder Co. now sells most of its flagship products directly online. This choice, made around 2000, resulted in substantial __________ with the various high-end retailers through which it had been selling.

Employ follow-the-leader pricing in order to avoid price wars in their industry Aggressively use lower prices to buy market share from competitors (correct) Set prices higher than competitors to signal greater value to buyers Set prices lower than competitors to enhance the quality images of their brands. Price their brands in a comfortable competitive range to avoid "rocking the boat."

Firms that are pursuing a strategy of price competition are more likely to:

Forward dating. Seasonal discount. Cash discount. Promotional allowance. (correct) Rebate.

For featuring Lego Sets prominently in its store window, Toy Emporium, a store that carries educational toys, received a free motorized Ferris Lego Wheel kit, valued at $150. This is an example of a:

Vacuum cleaners Silk flowers Mountain bikes Softdrinks (correct) Latex paint.

For which of the following products is a manufacturer most likely to use intensive distribution?

Ford Mustangs Gillette razor blades (correct) Apple iPad Pros Rolex watches Mont Blanc fountain pens.

For which of the following products is intensive distribution most likely to be employed?

Tommy Bahama men's clothing (correct) Gillette razor blades Bic Pens Rolex watches Old Spice men's cologne.

For which of the following products is selective distribution most likely?

Retailing intermediary Wholesaling intermediary (correct) Facilitating agent Manufacturer's agent Broker.

Grainger Worldwide buys a wide range of industrial products (mainly maintenance, repair, and operating supplies) from manufacturers and resells these products to other business users. Grainger is a _____________ .

Retailing Wholesaling (correct) Channel management Logistics Distribution management.

Grainger Worldwide buys a wide range of industrial products (mainly maintenance, repair, and operating supplies) from manufacturers and resells these products to other business users. When making sales to its customers, Grainger is engaged in _____________.

From producer to consumer From producer to retailer to consumer From producer to agent to retailer to consumer From producer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer (correct) From producer to agent to wholesaler to retailer to consumer.

If there is a traditional channel for consumer goods, it is:

Conventional supply chain (correct) Vertical marketing system Horizontal marketing system Traditional supply chain.

In a _______ , each level in the supply chain operates under independent ownership. In other words, the producers and their suppliers, as well as all downstream marketing intermediaries (wholesaling middlemen and retailers) are separate business entities.

Uniform delivered Freight-absorption (correct) Zone-delivered Market-skimming Market-penetration.

In order to offset the competitive disadvantage of FOB plant pricing, Texas Granite Company in Dallas could use _____ pricing to ship its products to building contractors and furniture restorers in any part of the United States.

Profit is maximized Sales volume is maximized Marginal cost equals total sales Marginal cost equals marginal revenue Total costs of the product equals total sales revenue from the product. (correct)

In price determination, given a particular selling price, the break-even point is where:

Price objectives Price strategies (correct) Price tactics Pricing techniques and tools None of the above.

In the price setting process, __________ are the fundamental approaches to setting and managing price to achieve the firm's objectives.

The manufacturer's products are sold by the dealer on consignment, meaning that the manufacturer retains ownership until the product is acutally sold to ultimate buyers. The manufacturer forbids the dealer from selling outside his territory. (correct) The dealer is part of the manufacturer's corporate vertical marketing system e.g. the dealer is a factory outlet. None of the above is likely to be illegal.

In which of the following situations is a manufacturer's exclusive territory agreement with a dealer likely to be declared illegal?

Selling agent Rack jobber (correct) Cash & carry wholesaler Truck wholesaler (jobber) Manufacturers' agent.

Joe Duncan sells a wide assortment of "emergency" home repair items (fuses, electrical tape, small packets of nails) to grocery and convenience stores. He owns the products he handles, provides the shelves and stocks the display, and monitors the inventory for his customers. Joe is a:

Direct mail Direct response advertising (correct) On-line retailing Direct selling Telemarketing.

Lillian Vernon began her catalog empire with an advertisement for her purses in Seventeen magazine. Young ladies were encouraged to place orders via the telephone or mail. Lilian Vernon was employing _______.

A desk jobber A commission merchant A truck jobber (correct) A manufacturer's sales office A broker

Lois Lane wants to open a convenience store in Cripple Creek Colorado. What kind of wholesaler will likely provide her chewing gum, tobacco products, candy bars, and other snack foods?

Vending (correct) Direct response advertising Direct selling Mechanical marketing None of the above.

Machines that dispense products, video game machines, and bank ATMs all illustrate which form of retailing?

Physical Distribution Management Logistics Management Materials Management (correct) Channel Management None of the above.

Managing the flow of parts and other factors of production into the manufacturing process has been traditionally called ___________ by logisticians.

Channel management Materials management (correct) Physical distribution Logistics Transportation

Movement of parts and materials from their sources of supply into the manufacturing process is called:

Accumulating (correct) Allocating Negotiating Assorting Sorting.

The "making bulk" channel function is formally called:

Matching Allocating (correct) Negotiating Assorting Sorting.

Procter & Gamble sells in large quantities to Core-Mark, a large grocery wholesaler that supplies a large number of independent and chain grocers. Core-Mark then resells in smaller quantities to its retail grocery customers. Core-Mark is performing which channel function?

Promotional allowance. (correct) Forward dating. Seasonal discount. Cash discount. Quantity discount.

Revlon cosmetics paid one-half of the advertising cost for the large retail chain Macy's to run a series of ads on local cable TV channels. Each of the ads emphasized that Macy's carried the complete line of Revlon products. This would be an example of a:

Rack jobber Broker Truck wholesaler Selling agent Manufacturers' agent. (correct)

Sandra Locke sells gluten-free specialty food products to grocery wholesalers and large retail grocery chains in Tampa. She sells for several manufacturers with noncompeting lines of gluten-free foods and earns a 4% sales commission. Sandra does not own or inventory the products she sells. Evidently, Sandra is a:

Selling agent (correct) Manufacturers' agent Broker Specialty wholesaler Truck jobber.

Sophie Taylor sells the entire output of several small companies based in Colorado Springs' Tech Center. Each of the companies designs and produces computer components. Sophie has almost complete control of all marketing activites since the engineers who started the companies lack marketing experience and want to focus on what they do best --- inventing things. Sophie is paid a substantial commission on all sales. She is a:

Cash & carry wholesaler Manufacturer's agent Specialty wholesaler Drop shipper (correct) Selling agent.

Steve Johnson sells fiberglass resins and fiberglass fabrics to the many small sailboat manufacturers in Florida. He takes title to the products but does not handle them. Instead, the materials are shipped directly from the producer to the sailboat manufacturers. Steve is a:

Specifying "F.O.B. Dallas" in its contracts. Uniform delivered pricing. Freight absorption pricing. (correct) Zone pricing. None of the above would help Texas Cable Corporation with its problem.

Texas Cable Corporation, sells heavy guage wire cable to construction companies around the country. Customers pay shipping from Texas Cable's warehouse in Dallas. Recently, a new competitor in Florida has been taking away some of Texas Cable's Southern customers. If Texas Cable wants to compete in these distant markets, but not increase the cost of its product to other customers, it would probably switch to

Matching Allocating (correct) Negotiating Assorting Sorting.

The ____________ function is typically performed when wholesaling middlemen buy from very large manufacturers and resell in smaller quantities to smaller retailers.

Price floor Price ceiling Competitive price range (correct) Demand curve Optimal price

The ____________ is defined as those prices bounded by customer demand at the high end and costs at the low end.

The producer Intermediaries, such as wholesalers and retailers Ultimate consumers of the distributed product Suppliers of component parts to the producer. (correct)

The channel of distribution for consumer products does not include which of the following?

Merchandise mix (correct) Degree of effort consumers expend in visiting facilities Location Size Type of ownership.

The classification system for in-store retailers employed in the text is based on the ______________ of the retailer.

Cost-plus. Market-skimming (correct) Market-absorption. Marginal cost. Market-penetration.

The expected price for sunscreen is in the $4 to $6 price range. The introductory price for Sun UVA Guard by Coppertone was set high ($9.99) to recover its research and development costs. Coppertone was using a _____ strategy.

Stock Keeping Units (correct) Retail Inventory Units Slotting Units Stocking Inventory Units

The inventory numbers given to products stocked by retailers are called:

That agent middlemen do not own the products they sell--while merchant wholesalers do. (correct) That no agent middlemen physically handle products--while all merchant wholesalers do. Their attitudes regarding the marketing concept. The kind of selling they do. There is no difference--an agent middleman IS a merchant wholesaler.

The main difference between agent middlemen and merchant wholesalers is:

Whether the seller is a wholesaler or a retailer. Whether the product will be used by an organization or by a consumer. (correct) Whether the seller procured the product from a retailer or a wholesaler. Whether the product involved is sold at a wholesale or a retail price. The quantity of goods involved.

The major distinction between a retail and a wholesale transaction is:

Selling agents Manufacturers' agents Drop shippers Brokers (correct) Commission merchants.

The manager of the San Francisco Seafood Company knows the market for its Talapia is geographically quite large. Price and supply conditions vary considerably from season to season. Since San Francisco Seafood can sell its Talapia only a few months each year, it does not need continuous market representation. San Francisco Seafood and other Talapia producers should use:

Channel management Materials management Physical distribution (correct) Logistics Transportation.

The physical movement of finished goods from producers to middlemen and, eventually, to consumers is:

The channel of distribution (correct) Materials management Physical distribution Logistics Transportation.

The sequence of organizations and individuals through which finished consumer goods move is called:

Dual distribution (correct) Multiple channel distribution Channel adaptation Channel proliferation None of the above.

The tendency for producers to employ multiple channels of distribution to reach the same target markets is called:

Dual distribution Multi-modal transportation Intermodal transportation (correct) Bi-modal transportation.

The term used when multiple transportation modes -- trains, planes, automobiles, trucks, pipelines, barges, etc. -- are employed to ship any item is ___________ .

Selling price minus the cost of the item, divided by the cost of the item--times 100. Selling price of an item, divided by its cost--times 100. Selling price minus the cost of the item, divided by the selling price--times 100. (correct) Selling price minus the cost of the item, divided by the average fixed cost--times 100. Cost of an item divided by its selling price--times 100.

The typical markup (expressed as a percent) is the:

Cash-and-carry wholesaler. Manufacturers' agent. Specialty wholesaler. Drop-shipper. (correct) Selling agent.

Todd Jeffries sells bulk lubricants and solvents to the many small machine shops in southern California. He takes title to the products but does not handle them. Instead, the lubricants and solvents are shipped in 25 to 50 gallon barrels directly from the producer to the machine shops. Todd is a:

Horizontal channel conflict. (correct) Vertical channel conflict. Exclusive dealing conflict. Increased competition between these retailers.

Toys "R" Us employed its purchasing power with toy producers Mattel and Hasbro to coerce them into not selling to competing retailers such as Costco and Sam's Club. Toys "R" Us actions resulted in ___________ .

The supplier alone can provide products of the required quality, as in the case of some franchise situations. A new small company is entering the market and desires full line representation. Under these circumstances adverse effects on competition are minimal. Buyers are allowed to carry competing products, thereby assuring market access to competing firms. All of the above increase the likelihood that a tying contract will be legal. (correct)

Under which of the following conditions is a tying contract likely to be declared as legal?

Costs constitute the maximum possible price that can be charged for a product. Prices can never be set lower than costs. Prices must be set with a knowledge of the costs required to make and sell the product. (correct) Prices are not related to costs. Costs are directly proportional to prices charged by competitors.

Understanding costs faced by the firm when making pricing decisions is important because:

Accumulating Assorting (correct) Allocating Buying and selling Sorting.

Wal-Mart distribution centers bring together a large variety of different kinds of products from a wide range of manufacturers. Wal-Mart is performing the ______________ function when, based on what each store's needs are at the time, it combines a number of different products together for shipping to each of its Wal-Mart stores.

Storage intermediaries Facilitating agents (correct) Vertical integrators Warehousing agents Channel integrators.

Warehouses run by third party operators provide access to long-term and short-term specialized storage and inventory management facilities. In the context of supply chains, these warehousing firms are called _________.

Matching Allocating Negotiating (correct) Assorting Sorting.

When channel members haggle with one another over final prices and product placement within retail settings they are performing which channel function?.

Vertical channel conflict. A mild form of horizontal channel conflict. (correct) Unhealthy competition. Monopolistic competition.

When large-scale retailers, such as Walmart and Target, vie with one another for sales and market share, they are engaging in ____________.

Producer to contractor. Producer to industrial distributor to contractor Producer to agent to retailer (correct) Producer to industrial distributor to agent to contractor. Producer to contractor to agent.

Which distribution channel is a small manufacturer of specialty wood gift products sold to gift shops most likely to use? Assume that the manufacturer is not able to afford its own sales force.

Exclusive dealing. Refusal to deal. Tying contracts. (correct) Exclusive territories.

Which of the following is being used when a manufacturer engages in "full-line forcing."

A large, highly price-elastic market exists for the product (correct) The product is protected by patents The product is associated with a high capital investment serving as a 'barrier to competitive entry' Strong brand preferences exist due to the product's unique characteristics Producer has control over a critical material needed for production of the product.

Which of the following is least likely to be a condition necessary for employing a skimming pricing strategy?

Increased use of technology to improve customer service Reduced reliance on vendor assistance to help manage inventory and restock shelves (correct) Adding higher margin non-food product lines and services Adding private lable brands Using promotional mechanisms to build store loyalty.

Which of the following is not a response by supermarkets to improve their profit margins?

Improved cooperation between channel members Better service to ultimate consumers Reduced conflict in the channel Improved efficiencies and reduced costs All of the above are advantages. (correct)

Which of the following is not an advantage of vertical marketing systems?

Direct selling is limited to face-to-face contact sales using door-to-door selling and party plan selling (correct) Direct marketing is limited by various "Green River Ordinaces" in a large number of communities Direct selling uses traditional promotional media to encourage consumers to buy products by mail, telephone, or internet Direct selling includes a number of techniques including direct mail, telemarketing, and direct response advertising There are no differences. These are different names for the same thing.

Which of the following is true about how direct selling differs from direct marketing?

A well-established, international company A large cereal manufacturer that has developed a gluten-free cereal line A well-established Southern firm that wants to expand its market area by making its products available for the first time in Washington state and Oregon (correct) An international sporting goods manufacturer that wants to add a line of snow toboggans A company that wants to introduce product line extensions to its current market.

Which of the following manufacturers would be most likely to use a manufacturers' agent to distribute its product?

A supermarket (correct) A toy store A video rental store A gourmet store featuring Thai cuisine. A fruit and vegetable stand.

Which of the following retailers is most likely to be a member of a voluntary chain?

Random digit dialing (correct) Competitors' customer call lists Purchased data bases of prospects The FTC's no-call lists On-line phone lists.

With respect to telemarketing, ____________ is (are) useful for cold-calling on prospects who may have unlisted numbers.

Cold-calling from existing phone lists. Random digit dialing Lists of current or past customers Lists purchased from third party vendors All of the above. (correct)

With respect to telemarketing, which of the following techniques are employed for idenfying potential prospects?

Demand changes by -1.5% for each 1% change in price. For every 1% change in price, demand changes by -1.5 times that amount Demand is price elastic Demand and price are inversely related All of the above. (correct)

With respect to the coefficient of elasticity, a value of "e" equal to -1.5 means that:

Markdowns. Cash discounts. Quantity discounts. Slotting fees. Trade or functional discounts. (correct)

_____ are reductions from the list price offered to middlemen in payment for marketing functions they will perform.

Full-service wholesalers Rack jobbers Truck jobbers (correct) Commission merchants Drop shippers.

_____ carry a select line of perishable products and deliver them by trucks to retail stores.

Channel conflict. (correct) Objective divergence. Decision dissonance. Channel dissonance.

_____ occurs when one supply chain member perceives that another supply chain member is making decisions in a manner that interferes with the ability of the first supply chain member to achieve its own objectives.

Price Value (correct) Exchange Utility Barter.

_______ is the ratio between the utility you receive from a product and the price you give up in exchange for that product.

Tying agreements Exclusive dealing agreements (correct) Exclusive territories Refusals to deal.

_________ are being employed when a producer prohibits its dealers from carrying its competitors' products,

Product chains Supply chains (correct) Physical distribution Logistics channels Transportation.

_________ are groups of independent firms involved in the process of making products or services available for use or consumption by organizations or consumers.

Refusals to deal Tying agreements (correct) Exclusive territories Exclusive dealing.

__________ exist(s) when a supplier agrees to provide a product to a supply chain member only if that member will buy additional products from the supplier.

Price discrimination Vertical price fixing Horizontal price fixing (correct) Price lining Price bundling.

___________ entails pricing agreements between two or more firms operating at the same supply chain level.

Neighborhood centers Community centers Regional centers Power centers (correct) Factory outlet malls.

____________ are large un-enclosed shopping centers that are normally anchored by large category killers and off-price retailers rather than traditional department stores.

Wholesaling Consumption Retailing (correct) Distribution Logistics.

____________ includes all activities involved in selling goods and services to ultimate consumers for their own personal use.

Horizontal supply chain conflict. Vertical supply chain conflict. (correct) Vertical channel dissonance. Contract conflict.

____________ is most likely to arise when manufacturers attempt to bypass wholesalers or retailers and sell direct to consumers.

Direct distribution Selective distribution (correct) Exclusive distribution Intensive distribution Mult-channel distribution.

____________ limits the sale of products to a smaller range of retail outlets. This form of distribution is most appropriate for shopping and some specialty products that are tailored to meet the needs of well-defined market segments.

Off-price retailers Specialty stores Factory outlets Category killers (correct) Department stores.

____________ offer substantial discounts and probably the best selection of brands for the types of products they merchandise. The retailing strategy is to attract customers through relatively lower-priced offerings and broader selections, thereby eliminating the competition.

Wholesaling intermediaries Retailing intermediaries Agents Industrial distributors Facilitating agents. (correct)

_____________ are not directly involved in the transfer of title for products moved through distribution channels. They do, however, provide a range of specialized support services that allow supply chains to function more efficiently.

Multi-unit chains Corporate chains (correct) Independent retailers Rack jobbers Superstores.

______________ typically are well-financed and centrally operated. Their size and financial strength provides them with significant scale economies in purchasing and operations.

Wholesaling intermediaries Retailing intermediaries (correct) Agents Industrial distributors Facilitating agents.

_______________ exist and operate as the last link in supply chains, primarily making sales to ultimate consumers.