MNGT-301 Chapter 2 Concepts
Which of the following statements are accurate regarding the importance of learning about a company's mission and vision statements before a job interview?
-these statements tell you why the company exists -these statements tell you what the company wants to achieve over time -you will be a better fit for a company if you support their mission and vision statements
Issues with the classical viewpoint include that it
-views humans as cogs in a machine -is overly mechanistic -fails to account for the importance of human needs
Select all of the true statements regarding Gary Hamel's thoughts on management
-we must look at management as a process, and then make improvements and innovation ongoing and systematic -much of management theory is dated and doesn't fit the current realities of organizational life -management innovation is essential to future organizational success
Which management viewpoint asks the question, "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?"
Contingency
What are the types of outputs according to the systems viewpoint?
Employee satisfaction Finished products
According to the systems viewpoint, what are three types of inputs?
Equipment People Money
____ management encourages managers to make facts and logic the foundation of their approach to decision-making.
Evidence-based
Which three individuals helped pioneer administrative management theory?
Fayol Weber Spaulding
The _____ studies are credited with drawing attention to the importance of the social nature of workers and the need for good human relations in fostering employee productivity.
Hawthorne
Who is known as the "father of industrial psychology" because of his revolutionary ideas on studying human behavior in workplaces?
Hugo Munsterberg
__ are the people, money, information, equipment, and materials required to produce an organization's goods or services.
Inputs
Within the systems viewpoint, what four things are considered parts of a system?
Inputs Transformational processes Outputs Feedback
Which two management perspectives typically consider an organization to be a closed system?
Management science perspective Classical management viewpoint
What is the major contribution of McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y to management?
Managers should understand how their beliefs affect their behavior.
What are the two branches of quantitative management?
Operations management Management science
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs proposes that people are motivated by which of the following needs?
Physiological Love Self-actualization Safety Esteem
The management approach of _____ was one of the first to recognize that enriching the lives of organizational and community family was just as important as a company making a profit.
Spaulding
_____ management stresses continuous improvement, employee involvement, learning from customers and employees, and accurate standards for identifying and eliminating problems.
Total quality
The quality-management viewpoint includes which concepts?
Total quality management Quality assurance Quality control
A supervisor who considers employees to be irresponsible and resistant to change would be characterized as a Theory _______ manager.
X
If you believe your employees are capable of taking on responsibility with sufficient self-direction and self-control, you are a Theory ___ manager.
Y
What are the two branches of the classical viewpoint of management?
administrative scientific
Management science is important because it
advocates the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning.
Theory X and Theory Y focus on managers'
attitudes
McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y based on the realization that managers should _____.
be aware of their attitudes toward employees
The ___ viewpoint places emphasis on the importance of understanding the actions of humans and the motivation and encouragement of employees toward achievement.
behavioral
Which approach to management relies upon research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics in order to develop theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers?
behavioral science
The _____ perspective on management consists of the systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints.
contemporary
According to the ___ viewpoint, a management problem should be handled according to the individual and the environmental situation.
contingency
What are the three viewpoints of the contemporary perspective of management?
contingency systems quality-management
Mary Parker Follett felt that managers should act as ______ rather than dictators.
facilitators
Cheyenne has a small bakery specializing in gourmet cupcakes. In response to customer demand, she has added gluten-free cupcakes to her menu. This customer demand would be characterized as _____.
feedback
Tyrone is reviewing customer response forms and learns that while some people like the company's new outerwear designs, the majority of customers do not. Which part of a system is Tyrone using to get his information?
feedback
Scientific management is the study of work methods to improve the productivity of _____.
individual workers
According to the systems perspective, transformational processes are responsible for turning
inputs into outputs.
James has a small bakery specializing in gourmet brownies. Based on the systems viewpoint, the flour, sugar, yeast, and eggs he uses in baking would be considered _______, whereas the decorated brownies he sells to customers would be considered _______.
inputs; outputs
A system is a set of _____ parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.
interrelated
Quality control
is the strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production
Theory X managers view workers as
lacking ambition
According to Henri Fayol, the major functions of management are:
leading. organizing. controlling. planning.
Today, the word bureaucracy is associated with inflexibility. But to Max Weber, a bureaucracy was an efficient and ideal organization based on principles of _____.
logic
The classical viewpoint of management emphasizes ways to _____.
manage work more efficiently
When Mary Parker Follett referred to the use of "communities" within an organization, she meant that
managers and subordinates should work together to solve issues.
Management science focuses on the use of _______ to aid in problem-solving and decision-making.
mathematics
One issue with the classical viewpoint is that it tends to view humans as cogs in a machine, thereby rendering it overly _____.
mechanistic
Charles Clinton Spaulding, one of the pioneering theorists of administrative management, proposed eight _____ of management based in part on his childhood experiences working at his father's fields.
necessities
The goal of quality assurance is _____.
no defects
Systems that have continual interaction with their environment are known as _____ systems.
open
Management science is sometimes known as _____.
operations research
In terms of the systems viewpoint, profits and losses are types of _____.
outputs
By adopting the systems viewpoint, you can visualize your organization as a
part of the larger environment. collection of subsystems.
The application of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to management is called _____ management.
quantitative
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's personal life helped them develop ideas about improving efficiency because they
raised 12 children.
A company would rely on ISO 9000 to _____.
reduce manufacturing flaws
The positive features of bureaucracy according to Max Weber.
specialists for complex tasks clear hierarchy formal rules and procedures impersonality merit-based careers
The Six Sigma approach relies on _____ to help improve manufacturing processes.
statistical analysis
Based on a systems viewpoint, the health science, finance, and journalism departments of a university are examples of ______.
subsystems
An open system fosters the idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. This is known as _____.
synergy
A set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose is called a(n) _____.
system
Inputs, transformational processes, outputs, and feedback are the four parts of a(n) _____.
system
The behavioral management viewpoint emphasized
the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees to achieve
Administrative management is concerned with managing ________.
the total organization
According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, employees worked harder if they:
thought managers cared about their welfare received added attention believed supervisors paid special attention to them
Which of the following are components of total quality management (TQM)?
-Involve every employee. -Use customer and employee feedback. -Emphasize continuous improvement. -Use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems.
Which of these are aspects of W. Edwards Deming's beliefs about quality management?
-Quality comes from a steady focus on a firm's mission along with statistical measurement and reduction of variations in production processes. -Managers should stress teamwork and be helpful rather than simply give orders. -Managers should make employees feel comfortable about asking questions.
Which of the following questions should you research in order to better understand a company before a job interview?
-What are the company's mission and vision statements and do I support them? -When was the company founded and how has it evolved over the years? -Who are the key players touted on the company's website? -What do clients mention in their reviews of the company and its products/services? -What does the company seem to value most, and how does it treat its employees?
Complete the following sentence with all the true statements about the classical perspective of management. The classical perspective of management
-had two branches; scientific and administrative. -emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently. -assumed that people were rational.
Complexity theory:
-is used in strategic management and organizational studies -is the study of how order and pattern arise from complicated, chaotic systems -recognizes that all complex systems are networks of many interdependent parts that interact according to certain simple rules -seeks to understand how organizations adapt to their environments
Select all of the true statements regarding Gary Hamel's thoughts on management:
-much of management theory is dated and doesn't fit the current realities of organizational life -management innovation is essential to future organizational success -we must look at management as a process, and then make improvements and innovation ongoing and systematic
Operations management
-plays an important role in managing the supply chain -assists managers with decisions regarding how to achieve the highest quality goods and services -governs managers' decisions about how to increase productivity and efficiency
Identify the two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement.
Maslow McGregor
_____ management focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively.
Operations
Which of the four disciplines are included in the behavioral science approach to management?
Psychology Sociology Economics Anthropology
The ability of a product or service to meet customer needs refers to _____.
Quality
Two ways for a company to guarantee the quality of a product are quality control and quality ___________.
assurance
Theory X and Theory Y underscore the idea that manager behaviors are impacted by their _____.
beliefs
Max Weber said that a better-performing organization should have five positive _____ features including a clear hierarchy, formal procedures, clear division of labor, impersonality, and merit-based careers.
bureaucratic
A characteristic of a(n) _____ system is that it receives very little feedback from outside sources.
closed
Frederick Taylor believed that more efficient workers should be paid higher wages than their lower-performing coworkers, a system referred to as the _______ system.
differential rate
The original focus of the Hawthorne studies was the ______.
effects of lighting levels on worker productivity
The technique that Frank and Lillian Gilbreth used to expand on Taylor's motion studies was that they
filmed workers to isolate parts of a job.
Two overarching perspectives about management are the ________ perspectives.
historical and contemporary
In order to follow Mary Parker Follett's concept of integration, a company should
hold meetings between managers and workers to solve problems in a mutually beneficial way.
Maslow and McGregor focused on the study of ______ as it relates to increasing worker productivity.
human relations
According to Gary Hamel, management should be viewed as a(n) _____ to which ongoing improvements and innovation can be made systematically.
process
Quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management are all part of the _____ management viewpoint.
quality
The strategy for minimizing errors at each stage of production is called _____.
quality control
As a pioneer of administrative management, Max Weber contended that bureaucracies were
rational
Evidence-based management focuses on bringing _____ to the decision process.
rationality
When Joseph Juran referred to the idea of "fitness for use," he was considering how a product would ______.
satisfy a customer's real needs
The third and fourth principles of _____ suggest that organizations should give workers the training and incentives to do their tasks properly, and should use scientific principles to plan work methods and ease the way for workers to do their jobs.
scientific management
Theory Y managers view workers as: (select all that apply)
self-directed imaginative and creative accepting of responsibility
The Hawthorne studies are credited with drawing attention to the importance of people as _____.
social beings
Henri Fayol is credited with being the first person to _____ management behavior.
systematize
Complexity theory is an offshoot of the _____ viewpoint because it is the study of how multiple chaotic processes arise into pattern and order.
systems
The ______ viewpoint regards the organization as arrangements of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.
systems
According to the systems viewpoint, the part of a system that involves turning raw materials and knowledge into a new and different product or service is called _____.
transformational processes
Maslow's hierarchy of needs resulted from the study of ______.
what motivates people to perform
Mary Parker Follett's ideas anticipated which modern management concepts?
worker empowerment self-managed teams interdepartmental teams
