MNGT 301 || Chapter 8: Organizational Culture, Structure, and Design: Building Blocks of the Organization

______ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources. Multiple choice question. Power Authority Delegation Responsibility

Authority

Rites and rituals, which are activities and ______ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change. Multiple choice question. stories communications ceremonies slogans

ceremonies

A type of organizational structure which combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures, vertical and horizontal, is called a ______ structure. Multiple choice question. centralized divisional functional matrix

matrix

Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following? Multiple select question. Rites Status symbols Rewards Stories

Status symbols Rewards

An organizational structure where people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups is called a ______ structure. Multiple choice question. modular matrix functional team-based

functional

A(n) ______ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people. Multiple choice question. organization adhocracy team culture

organization

An organizational ______ is someone whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization and whose accomplishments are put forth to motivate other employees to do the right thing. Multiple choice question. symbol norm example hero

hero

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure? Multiple select question. How employees are responsible How things get done Who specializes in what work Who reports to whom

Who specializes in what work Who reports to whom

A(n) ______ culture values stability and has an internal focus. Multiple choice question. hierarchy market adhocracy clan

hierarchy

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its ______. Multiple choice question. espoused values observable artifacts basic assumptions vision statements

observable artifacts

Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Rituals Values Sales Awards Decorations

Rituals Awards Decorations

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its ______. Multiple choice question. vision statements espoused values basic assumptions observable artifacts

observable artifacts

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as person-______ fit. Multiple choice question. role industry work organization

organization

The chain of command within a business is also referred to as the organization's ______ hierarchy of authority. Multiple choice question. horizontal diverse flat vertical

vertical

______ represent core, taken-for-granted, unobservable aspects of an organization's culture. Multiple choice question. Enacted values Observable artifacts Espoused values Basic assumptions

Basic assumptions

With ______, an organization can parcel out the entire complex work effort to be performed by specialists, which results in greater efficiency. Multiple choice question. division of labor hierarchy of authority common purpose coordinated effort

division of labor

______ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values. Multiple choice question. Formal statements Slogans and sayings Rites and rituals Stories, legends, and myths

Formal statements

Match the dimensions of the competing values framework (CVF) with their descriptions. Horizontal Vertical Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers

Horizontal: Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers Vertical: Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control

In terms of organizational culture, a ______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others. Multiple choice question. ritual hero story symbol

symbol

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Coaching Training Profits Role modeling

Coaching Training Role modeling

In organizational socialization, the ______ phase occurs before one joins the organization. During this phase the person learns, from web sources, current employees, etc., what the organization's job needs and values are and how their own needs, values, and skills might fit in. Multiple choice question. systems and procedures encounter anticipatory change and acquisition

anticipatory

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a ______. Multiple choice question. simple structure functional structure divisional structure matrix structure

simple structure

Organizational structure: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple choice question. refers to the hierarchy of a firm's leadership team represents a set of taken-for-granted assumptions that direct behavior and values in the organization is concerned with who reports to whom in the organization and who specializes in what work must be aligned with the organization's goals, strategies, and culture

is concerned with who reports to whom in the organization and who specializes in what work must be aligned with the organization's goals, strategies, and culture

An organization's ______ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes, or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture. Multiple choice question. strategy leaders mission statements

leaders

The process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as members of an organization is known as organizational ______. Multiple choice question. formation socialization ideation ritualization

socialization

In a matrix structure ______. Multiple choice question. there is low work specialization authority is centralized around a single figure in the organization activities are grouped around defined geographic regional locations the organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid

the organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured ______ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values. Multiple choice question. rituals training slogans myths

training

Flat organizations generally have few levels with ______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees. Multiple choice question. narrow tall wide short

wide

What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit? Multiple choice question. The education level of an individual and its relation to the job or tasks she or he performs at work How much the culture of the organization is related to the firm's long-term financial perspective A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization The degree to which the organization's culture aligns with its strategic context

A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization

Espoused values in an organization's culture represent the ______. Multiple choice question. values and norms actually exhibited in the organization least observable elements of the culture physical elements such as awards and rituals explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers

explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers

Which description best fits the adhocracy organizational culture? Multiple choice question. Structured work environment aimed at achieving effectiveness and efficiency Best suited to companies that have established a stable market Driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results, productivity, and profits Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes

Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes

What are the four types of organizational culture outlined in the competing values framework (CVF)? Multiple select question. Adhocracy Strategic Clan Hierarchy Market Supportive

Adhocracy Clan Hierarchy Market

Organizational design is concerned with which activities? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Minimizing all forms of accountability within an organization Creating structures of accountability and responsibility Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies Excluding responsibility from the organizational structure

Creating structures of accountability and responsibility Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies

A control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time is called hierarchy of authority or ______. Multiple choice question. span of control strategic management chain of command division of labor

chain of command

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______. Multiple choice question. attitude culture demeanor policies

culture

Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. Multiple choice question. is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort materializes in discrete parts of a task done by different people in the organization unifies employees and gives them a shared understanding of the organization's reason for being

is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort

In organizational socialization, the ______ phase takes place when a person is first hired and comes to learn what the organization is really like and how to adjust her/his expectations. Multiple choice question. anticipatory encounter systems and procedures change and acquisition

encounter

The competing values framework is a tool companies use to understand ______. Multiple choice question. supply and demand organizational culture marketing opportunities vision statements

organizational culture

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. The corporate headquarters of a global technology company A freelance graphic designer A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat A food cart outside a sports stadium run by a single individual

The corporate headquarters of a global technology company A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat

Early management scholars believed strongly in the principle of ______, in which employees should report to no more than one manager in order to avoid conflicting priorities and demands. Multiple choice question. division of labor horizontal specialization unity of command groupthink

unity of command

In organizational culture, enacted values represent the ______. Multiple choice question. unobservable core values in the organization that are difficult to change physical manifestation of the organization's culture such as awards and decor explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers values and norms that are actually exhibited in the organization

values and norms that are actually exhibited in the organization

In an organization's culture, basic assumptions: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. are not observable are classified as either espoused or enacted are difficult to change are often taken for granted represent the organization's core values can be seen in artifacts such as awards, ceremonies, and office decor

are not observable are difficult to change are often taken for granted represent the organization's core values

Philosophies, beliefs, and norms that are explicitly stated by the organization reflect its ______ values. Multiple choice question. espoused achieved observed enacted

espoused

The part of an organization chart that shows different jobs or work assignments is called ______. Multiple choice question. horizontal specialization vertical hierarchy of authority open levels of authority transition phrase

horizontal specialization

The principle of unity of command was popular with early management theorists. It stressed the importance of employees reporting to ______. Multiple choice question. their immediate peer groups, in order to expedite the flow of necessary information within a team first-line and middle managers only, in order to free up executives' time no more than one manager, in order to avoid conflicting priorities and demands at least two supervisors, in order to ensure that the organization's needs were being met

no more than one manager, in order to avoid conflicting priorities and demands

The degree to which someone's personality and values align with the organizational culture of a firm is called ______. Multiple choice question. common purpose person-organization fit culture-organization fit role modeling

person-organization fit

A ______ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value. Multiple choice question. ritual story rite symbol

story

A company's ______ is the large-scale action plan that encompasses the company's vision and is used to create the direction for the business. Multiple choice question. forecast culture structure strategy

strategy

In order to implement a particular organizational strategy, managers must determine the right kind of organizational: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. performance structure demonstration culture

structure culture

If important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory-level managers and power is delegated throughout the organization, the organization has ______ authority. Multiple choice question. vertical horizontal centralized decentralized

decentralized

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart. Multiple choice question. networking organizational mission values

organizational

Which of the following are characteristics of a hierarchy culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A variety of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability Internal focus Encourages risk taking and customer priority External focus Formalized, structured work environment

A variety of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability Internal focus Formalized, structured work environment

According to Schein, which organizational feature unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being? Multiple choice question. Coordinated effort Division of labor Common purpose Hierarchy of authority

Common purpose

Which are characteristics of clan culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Encourages collaboration among employees Promotes a feeling of family Emphasizes profits over employee development and satisfaction Structures work environment to aim at effectiveness and efficiency

Encourages collaboration among employees Promotes a feeling of family

Which type of organization typically has few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them? Multiple choice question. Flat Tall Parallel Vertical

Flat

Which of the following statements are true regarding a market culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. It is driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results. Employees are expected to work hard, react fast, and deliver quality work on time, Effectiveness is achieved through the use of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability. Customers, productivity, and profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction.

It is driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results. Employees are expected to work hard, react fast, and deliver quality work on time, Customers, productivity, and profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction.

What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure? Multiple select question. Dispersed authority Low work specialization A tall hierarchy A flat hierarchy Authority in a single person

Low work specialization A flat hierarchy Authority in a single person

Which factors must work in concert to produce successful strategic execution? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Organizational culture HR practices Employee diversity Organizational structure

Organizational culture HR practices Organizational structure

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Processes Activities Heroes Outcomes

Processes Activities Outcomes

In organizational culture, rites and rituals represent ______. Multiple choice question. people whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life processes by which people learn the values, norms, and behaviors required by the organization narratives based on true events which are repeated to emphasize a particular value

activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by ______. Multiple choice question. celebrating important achievements with activities and ceremonies outlining what is important to the organization through its acronyms, sayings, and slogans creating narratives about events that happened in the organization embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements

embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements

Hierarchy of authority, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. Multiple choice question. is represented by the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people unifies organizational members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being coordinates individual efforts in an organization into an organization-wide effort is a control mechanism that ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time

is a control mechanism that ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time

The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your ______. Multiple choice question. power authority responsibility delegation

responsibility

Organizations can use ______, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture. Multiple choice question. formal statements rites and rituals legends and myths slogans and sayings

rites and rituals

Activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in an organization's life are known as rites and ______. Multiple choice question. heroes rituals stories symbols

rituals

When employees share a narrative about an actual event that helped create an aspect of the company's culture, they are relying on ______ to symbolize the company's vision and values. Multiple choice question. rewards rituals goals stories

stories

In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through ______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor. Multiple choice question. span of control hierarchy of authority coordinated effort division of labor

coordinated effort

Observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic assumptions are the three levels of organizational ______. Multiple choice question. structure planning culture operations

culture

Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Higher financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures Stronger quality and innovation in hierarchy cultures Higher market share in adhocracy cultures More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures Higher market share in clan and market cultures

Higher financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures Higher market share in clan and market cultures

Match the type of divisional structure with its definition. Product division Customer division Geographic division Groups activities around defined regional locations. Groups activities around similar services and/or products. Groups activities around common clients or customers.

Product division: Groups activities around similar services and/or products. Customer division: Groups activities around common clients or customers. Geographic division: Groups activities around defined regional locations.

Organizational culture: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. helps employees understand why the organization does what it does is written down clearly in the organization's code of conduct represents beliefs and values shared among workers is the social glue that binds members of the organization together is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring encompasses beliefs, knowledge, and behavior patterns, but not values

helps employees understand why the organization does what it does represents beliefs and values shared among workers is the social glue that binds members of the organization together is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring

More positive organizational outcomes are associated with ______ cultures. Multiple choice question. clan hierarchy market adhocracy

market

In organizational culture, a story is a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. activity or ceremony that celebrates important accomplishments in the organization's life process by which people learn the values, norms, and behaviors required to participate as organizational members object or action that is used to convey an organization's most important values narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value

narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational ______ varies along two dimensions. Multiple choice question. effectiveness focus differentiation structure

effectiveness

The formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates an organization's members to achieve the company's goals is called the organizational ______. Multiple choice question. structure vision culture mission

structure

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as ______. Multiple choice question. wide tall horizontal flat

tall

An organization's vertical hierarchy of authority demonstrates: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. the organization's chain of command different jobs or work specialization the official communication network who talks to whom

the organization's chain of command the official communication network who talks to whom

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent? Multiple choice question. Physical design Rites and rituals Stories and legends Formal statements

Physical design

______ values represent the values and norms actually exhibited in the organization. Multiple choice question. Enacted Basic Artifact Espoused

Enacted

Division of labor, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. Multiple choice question. unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being coordinates individual efforts into a group-wide effort ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization

is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization

The type of organizational culture that has a strong external focus and values stability and control is a(n) ______ culture. Multiple choice question. market hierarchy adhocracy clan

market

In organizational culture, a hero is a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. process by which people learn the organization's required values, norms, and behaviors person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values narrative that is repeated to emphasize a particular value activity or ceremony that celebrates important occasions in the organization's history

person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values

Functional organizational structures: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations. group activities around similar customers or clients. put employees with diverse occupational specialties together in formal groups.

put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups. are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations.

Managers can help to change the organization's culture by paying attention to which ______ they use as narratives to symbolize the organization's vision and values to employees. Multiple choice question. heroes stories rites rituals

stories

A ______ organization is defined as one with an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them. Multiple choice question. tall vertical narrow flat

flat

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. Multiple choice question. coordinates individual efforts into group effort arranges discrete parts of a task done by different people unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being ensures the right people do the right things at the right time

unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being

When important decisions are made by high-level managers, the organization has ______ authority. Multiple choice question. adaptive decentralized functional centralized

centralized

Authority in organizations means ______, meaning managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them and are responsible for performing assigned tasks. Multiple choice question. power delegation accountability groupthink

accountability

A ______ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control. Multiple choice question. clan market adhocracy hierarchy

clan

When people with diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products or services, customers or clients, or geographic regions, the organization is using a ______ structure. Multiple choice question. matrix divisional functional simple

divisional

In a two-person operation, one may specialize in the outward-facing tasks such as sales while the other specializes in the internal jobs such as research and production. In a large firm, there may be vice presidents for each task such as marketing, finance, and HR. These examples represent different types of ______. Multiple choice question. decentralized authority vertical hierarchy of authority task integration horizontal specialization

horizontal specialization

Which are advantages of centralized authority? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Increased efficiency Managers solve their own problems Less duplication of work Rapid decision making

Increased efficiency Less duplication of work

A(n) ______ culture values flexibility and has an external focus. Multiple choice question. hierarchy clan adhocracy market

adhocracy

In organizational culture, socialization represents the ______. Multiple choice question. process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as organizational members narratives based on true events which are repeated to emphasize particular values objects or actions that are used to convey an organization's most important values activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life

process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as organizational members

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of ______ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them. Multiple choice question. heroes stories rituals rewards

rewards

______ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy. Multiple choice question. Modification Delegation Assimilation Accommodation

Delegation

When is the ideal time to assess person-organization fit? Multiple choice question. Prior to an exit interview During the first performance review Prior to accepting a position Immediately after being hired

Prior to accepting a position

What is the primary cause of failure for strategic initiatives? Multiple choice question. Inadequate funding Executive interference Improper execution Employee resistance

Improper execution

Select the types of organizational design. (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Sectional Open boundary Traditional Horizontal

Open boundary Traditional Horizontal

Symbols in organizational culture represent ______. Multiple choice question. people whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization narratives based on true events which are repeated to emphasize particular values activities that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others

objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others

Which are layers of organizational culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Strategic plans Structural observations Basic assumptions Observable artifacts Espoused values

Basic assumptions Observable artifacts Espoused values

A ______ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control. Multiple choice question. clan hierarchy adhocracy market

clan

Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. recreate historical narratives introduce new slogans and sayings encourage employee productivity send a strong message about the culture

encourage employee productivity send a strong message about the culture