MNGT360 Chapter 7

What is trustworthiness?

(Cognition-based) The characteristics of attributes of a trustee that inspire trust.

What is trust propensity?

(Disposition-based) A general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon.

What is corporate social responsibility?

A perspective that acknowledges that the responsibilities of a business encompass the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship exception of society.

What dimensions can be use to describe the trustworthiness of an authority?

1) Ability 2) Benevolence 3) Integrity

In what three sources can trust be rooted?

1) Disposition-based 2) Cognition-based 3) Affect-based

What are the four dimensions of Justice?

1) Distributive 2) Procedural 3) Interpersonal 4) Informational

What are the stages of the moral development?

1) Preconventional- right vs. wrong is viewed in terms of consequences of various actions for the individual. 2) Conventional- right vs. wrong is referenced to the expectations of one's family and one's society. 3) Principled (postconventional)- right vs. wrong is referenced t o a set of defined, established moral principles.

The study of business ethics has two primary threads on it, what are they?

1) Prescriptive 2) Descriptive

What are moral principles?

Precriptive guides for making moral judgments.

What are the types of interpersonal justice rules?

Respect Propriety

What is benevolence?

The belief that the authority wants to do good for the truster, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives.

What is moral identity?

The degree to which a person self-identifies as a moral person.

What is moral intensity?

The degree to which an issue has ethical urgency.

What is the ability to focus?

The degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to covering their backside", "playing politics", and "keeping an eye on the boss".

What is moral attentiveness?

The degree to which people chronically perceive and consider issues of morality during their experiences.

What is the definition of ethics?

The degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms. Doing things the way the "should be" or "ought to be" done.

How does trust relate to justice and ethics?

Trust depend on both justice and ethics. This relationship have a significant influence on the performance and commitment of employees.

What is affect-based trust?

Trust that is depended on feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment.

What is cognition-based trust?

Trust that is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness.

What is disposition-based trust?

Trust that is rooted in one's personality, as opposed to a careful assessment of a trustee's trustworthiness.

Some ethical behaviors might include charitable giving like whistle-blowing. What is whistle-blowing?

When former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their organization.

How does trust affect job performance and organizational commitment?

While trust has a moderate positive affect on job performance, it has a strong positive effect on organizational commitment.

What is social exchange?

Work relationships that are characterized by mutual investment, with employees willing to engage in "extra miles" sorts of behaviors because they trust that their efforts will eventually be rewarded.

What is economic exchange?

Work relationships that resemble a contractual agreement by which employees fulfill job duties in exchange for financial compensation.

What are the types of moral principles used in the principles stage?

Consequentialist Nonconsequentialist

What is the four-component model of ethical decision making?

A model that argues hat ethical behaviors result from a person multistage sequence beginning with moral awareness, continuing on moral judgment, then to moral intent, and ultimately to ethical behavior.

What is the description of Virtue ethics?

An act is morally right if it allows the decision maker to lead a "good life" by adhering to virtues like wisdom, honesty, courage, friendship, mercy, loyalty, modesty, and patience.

What is the description of Ethics of duties?

An act is morally right if it fulfills the "categorical imperative"-an unambiguously explicit set of three crucial maxims: a)the act should be performable by everyone with no harm to society; b) the act should respect human dignity; c) the act should be endorsable by others.

What is the description of Ethics of rights?

An act is morally right if it respects the natural rights of others, such a the right to life, liberty, justice, expression, association, consent, privacy, and education.

What is the description of Utilitarianism?

An act is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people-sometimes termed the "greatest happiness principle"

What is the description of Egoism?

An act is morally right if the decision maker freely decides to pressure either short-term or long-term interest.

What is moral intent?

An authority's degree of commitment to the moral cause of action.

What does the accuracy of procedural justice rules describe?

Are procedures based on accurate information?

What does the bias suppression of procedural justice rules describe?

Are procedures neutral and unbiased?

What does the truthfulness of informational justice rules describe?

Are those explanations honest?

What steps can organizations take to become more trustworthy?

By emphasizing corporate social responsibility, a perspective that acknowledges the responsibilities of a business encompass the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society.

What does the justification of informational justice rules describe?

Do authorities explain procedures thoroughly?

What does the propriety of interpersonal justice rules describe?

Do authorities refrain from improper remarks?

What does the respect of interpersonal justice rules describe?

Do authorities treat employees with sincerity?

What does the voice of procedural justice rules describe?

Do employees get to provide input into procedures?

What does the correctability of procedural justice rules describe?

Do procedures build in mechanisms for appeals?

What does the representativeness of procedural justice rules describe?

Do procedures consider the needs of all groups?

What are the types of distributive justice rules? Give a description of it.

Equity vs. equality vs. need- Are rewards allocated according to the proper norm?

What are the specific types of principles within the nonconsequentialist principle?

Ethics of duties Ethics of rights Virtue ethics

What is the prescriptive thread of ethics?

How people ought to act using various codes and principles.

What is the descriptive thread of ethics?

How people tend to act based on certain individual and situational characteristics.

Why are some authorities more trusted than others?

It depends on the person's trust propensity (disposition-based trust), a person's perception of trustworthiness, as employees attempt to assess the ability, benevolence, and integrity of authorities. Though, it is difficult to gauge trustworthiness, so employees consider the distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice they have experienced at work. The justice and general trustworthiness of authorities in turn can be explained by authorities' own moral awareness, moral judgment, and moral intent.

Why is affect-based trust not rooted?

It is not rooted in reason: affect-based trust is more emotional than rational.

What are the types of informational justice rules?

Justification Truthfulness

What explains the ability of some people to resist situational pressures and stay true to their moral judgement?

Moral identity

What is procedural justice?

The perceived fairness of a decision-making processes.

What is justice?

The perceived fairness of an authority's decision making.

What is distributive justice?

The perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes.

What is informational justice?

The perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities.

What is interpersonal justice?

The perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities.

What is integrity?

The perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the truster finds acceptable.

What is moral judgment?

The process people use to determine whether a particular course of action is ethical or unethical.

What is reputation?

The prominence of its brand in the minds of the public and the perceived quality of its goods and services.

What is ability?

The skills, competencies, and areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific area.

An example of interpersonal justice includes abusive supervision. What is abusive supervision?

The sustained display of hostile verbal or nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact.

What is the (Kohlberg) cognitive moral development?

The theory that argues that as people age and mature, they move through various stages of moral development- each more mature and sophisticated than the prior one.

What is trust?

The willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustee's actions and intentions.

What are the specific types of principles within the consequentialist principle?

Utilitarianism Egoism

What are the types of procedural justice rules?

Voice Correctability Bias suppression Representativeness Accuracy

What is moral awareness?

When an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation or that an ethical code or principle is relevent to the circumstance.