Mod C Fluids & Electrolytes/Nutrition HCD and Patho NCLEX style questions

HCD voiceover content

After this card

In which blood test do HIGh results mean renal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia, excess intake of alkali, Addison's disease and healing fractures? A. Magnesium B. Phosphorus C. Potassium (K) D. Calcium (Ca) E. Blue urea nitrogen (BUN)

B

Which disorder can be caused by increased excretion or abnormal excretion of sodium, water imbalance, hormone imbalance, ecstasy use, hypothyroidism, renal failure, diuretics, diarrhea, vomiting and wound drainage? A. Hypercalcemia B. hypocalcemia C. Hyponatremia D. Hypokalemia E. Hypernatremia

C.

Which disorder can be caused by fluid losses due to diuretics or diarrhea, endocrine disorders, insufficient intake of potassium, and low magnesium levels? A. Hypercalcemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypokalemia D. Hypernatremia E. Hypocalcemia

C. Rationale: dietary intake is the main source of potassium, so patients with poor nutritional intake or prolonged NPO status are at risk for hypokalemia

Which disorder has the following signs and symptoms: sinus arrest then cardiac arrest; shallow respirations; muscle weakness; nausea and vomiting; constipation; dehydration and kidney stones? A. Hypokalemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypocalcemia D. Hypercalcemia E. Hypernatremia

D.

fluid and electrolyte balance

The process of regulating the extra cellular fluid volume, body fluid similarity, and plasma concentrations of electrolytes

a nurse is a community clinic is assessing an older adult client for manifestations of dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a. furrows on the tongue b. elevated blood pressure c. protruding eyeballs d. hypothermia

a. furrows on the tongue

A nurse is caring for a client following a CVA and observes the client experiencing severe dysphagia. The nurse notifies the provider. Which of the following nutritional therapies will likely be prescribed? a. supplements via nasogastric tube b. soft residue diet c. NPO until dysphagia subsides d. Initiation of total perenteral nutrition

a. supplements via nasogastric tube

A nurse is caring for a client who had a total thyroidectomy and a serum calcium level of 7.6 mg/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a. tingling of the extremities b. hypoactive deep tendon reflexes c. shortened QT intervals d. Constipation

a. tingling of the extremities a serum calcium level of 7.6 mg/dL is below the expected reference range, indicating hypcalcemia. the nurse should monitor for tingling or numbness of the extremities and around the mouth, muscle tremors, cramps and cardiac dysrhythmias

a nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client and idenitifies a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer? a. Sevelamer b. Sodium polystyrene c. Darbepoetin alfa d. Lactulose

b. Sodium polystyrene

A nurse is admitting a 6-month-old infant who has dehydration. Which of the following amounts of urinary output should indicate to the nurse that the treatment has corrected the fluid imbalance? a. 15mL/kg/hr b. 0.5 mL/kg/hr c. 2 mL/kg/hr d. 7.5 mL/kg/hr

c. 2mL/kg/hr the expected urinary output for infants up to age 1 is 2 mL/kg/hr. An infant who is not dehyrdated should produce this amount of urine

A nurse is assessing four female clients for obesity. Which of the following clients have manifestations of obesity? a. A client who has a body fat of 22% b. A client who has a waist circumference of 81.3 cm (32 in.) c. A client who weighs 28% above ideal body weight d. A client who has a BMI of 28

c. A client who weighs 28% above ideal body weight

A nurse is admitting a client who has a serum calcium level of 12.3 mg/dL and initiates cardiac monitoring. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect during the intial assessment? a. hyperactive deep tendon reflexes b. hyperactive bowel sounds c. lethargy d. Prolonged ST segment

c. lethargy A serium calcium of 12.3 mg/dL is above the expected range. The nurse should monitor the client for lethargy, generalized weakeness and confusion.

a nurse is assessing a preschooler who has a calcium lvel of 8.0 mg/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a. dry,sticky mucous membranes b. Negative Chvostek's sign c. muscle tremors d. polyuria

c. muscle tremors

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing dysphagia. The nurse should recomment a referral to which of the following members of the health care team? a. occupational therapist b. social worker c. speech therapist d. respiratory therapist

c. speech therapist

A nurse is planning care for a client who has acute dysphagia. Which of the following nursing interventions should be included in the plan of care? a. Placing the client in semi-fowlers position during meals b. Providing a straw for consumption of liquids c. Encourage larger bites d. Instructing the client to tilt head forward when swallowing

d. Instructing the client to tilt head forward when swallowing