Modern Architecture & Design II Midterm

Which entire architecture office was dispatched to St. Louis to view Olbrich's installation at the World's Fair in 1904?

Frank Lloyd Wright's? McKim, Mead, and White's? Daniel Burnham's?

Writing his final book, The Autobiography of an Idea, from his death bed, Louis Sullivan predicted that:

"The damage wrought by the [Columbian] World's Fair will last for half a century from its date."

Charles Francis Annesley Voysey (1857-1941)

- *Norney, Sussex, England, 1897 - Greyfriars, 1897 - Broad Leys, - Orchard House, 1901 - Moor Crag, Lake Windemere, Cumbria, 1898 - Factory for Sanderson & Sons, London, England, 1902 - Forster House, Bedford Park, London, 1891 & 1894 - Perrycroft, 1894 -- Green brackets - Sideboard, 1904 -- Has pillars with the flat tops - Wider Sideboard, 1904

The Wasmuth Portfolio (1911)

- A two-volume folio of 100 lithographs of the work of Frank Lloyd Wright between 1893 and 1909 - Published in Germany by Ernst Wasmuth (not an interior designer) with an introduction by FLW - FLW toured Europe to promote the book - Had a huge impact on Modernism in Europe - F.F. Tomek House, Riverside, Illinois, 1904 - Brown's Book Store, Chicago, Illinois, 1907 - The Larkin Building, Buffalo, New York, 1904 - Coonley House, Riverside, Illinois, 1908 - Unity Temple, Oak Park, 1905-08 - Hardy House, Racine, Wisconsin, 1905

Loie Fuller (1862-1928)

- American Actress/ Dancer - Lesbian - Would dance with wands of wood with swaths of silk, famously called Serpentine Dance - Became famous in Paris - There was an entire Pavilion for her to perform in at the Paris Exhibition of 1900 - the movie, The Dance, is about her - Revolutionized lighting and color for a live performance

Arthur Benton (1858-1927)

- American Architect - All Saints-by-the-Sea, Santa Barbara, California, 1900

Raymond Hood (1881-1934)

- American Architect - American Radiator Building, New York City, New York 1924 -- The one that's black brick, black terra cotta, with gold terra cotta around Bryant Park

Marion Mahony (1871-1961)

- American Architect - FLW's Chief Architect, joined the firm in 1895 - Did the renderings for the Wasmuth Portfolio - Graduated from MIT in 1894, one of the first women to do so. - Did the renderings for Husser House, 1899

Sophia Hayden (1868-1953)

- American Architect - First American woman to graduate from our first school of architecture at MIT, 1890 (with honors) - The Women's Building at the Colombia Exposition of 1893, Beaux-Arts, 1893

Bernard Maybeck (1862-1957)

- American Architect - First Church of Christ Scientist, Berkeley, California, Mixed Styles, 1910 -- Columns cast In two different concretes (pebbles & sand) -- He turned down the commission originally -- Stencilled his wife's initials AM (Annie Maybeck) into the design -- Vertical mullion windows, Japanese inspired - The Palace of Fine Arts, San Francisco, California, Beaux-Arts, 1915 - The Faculty Club at the University of California, Berkeley, California, 1902 - The Roos House, San Francisco, California, 1909 -- Used quatrefoil windows and railings - Maybeck-Wallen Residence, Berkeley, California, 1909

Richard Morris Hunt (1827-1895)

- American Architect - The Administration Building at the Columbia Exposition of 1893, Beaux Arts, 1893 - Head of the architectural committee for the Columbia Exposition of 1893 - The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, New York, Beaux-Arts, 1895

William Van Alen (1883-1954)

- American Architect - The Chrysler Building, New York City, New York, 1928-30 -- Lobby Ceiling Mural by Edward Turnbull - Child's Restaurant, New York City, New York,

Ferdinand Davis (1840-1921)

- American Architect - Trinity Methodist Church, Pomona, California, 1900

Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959)

- American Architect - Winslow House, River Forest, Illinois, Prairie School, 1893-94 -- Rounded Dining Room -- Inglenook with a colonnade - He invented the Prairie School design style - The Wasmuth Portfolio - The Larkin Building - Unity Temple - Husser House, Chicago Suburb, Prairie School, 1899

Charles Greene (1868-1957) & Henry Greene (1870-1954)

- American Architect Brothers - *The Gamble Bungalow, Pasadena, California, California Arts & Crafts Movement, 1908 -- Example of Gesamtkunstwerk -- Celebrates wood as a material -- Inspired by the Japanese Pavilion at the Columbia Exposition of 1893 -- Enlisted Peter and John Hall to work on the detailing, inlays, and satiny finishes - Darling-Wright Bungalow, Pasadena, California, California Arts & Crafts Movement, 1903 - Blacker House, Pasadena, California, California Arts & Crafts Movement, 1907 -- Earl Anthony designed the leaded glass windows - Duncan Irwin Bungalow, Pasadena, California, California Arts & Crafts Movement, 1909

William Purcell and George Elmslie

- American Architects - The Wiethoff House, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Prairie School, 1917

George W. Ferris (1859-1896)

- American Civil Engineer - Inventor of the Ferris Wheel - Debuted the Ferris Wheel at thee Columbia Exposition of 1893

Gustav Stickley (1858-1942)

- American Furniture Designer, Publisher - Publisher of The Craftsman -- Had at least one color lithograph in each issue - Producer of Craftsman furniture -- Oakwood, exposed joinery - Designer of prototypical houses published in The Craftsman.

Thomas Hart Benton (1889-1975)

- American Muralist - America Today, mural, 1929-31 -- Originally for the Boardroom of the New School for Social Research -- Hired by Joseph Urban - Taught Jackson Pollack

Gertrude Stein (1874-1946)

- American Novelist - Subject of a Picasso Portrait, 1905

Thomas Moran (1837-1926)

- American Painter - "Chicago World's Fair"

Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1989)

- American Painter - American Radiator Building, 1927

Edward Hopper (1882-1967)

- American Painter - Automat, Nighthawks

Frederick William MacMonnies (1863-1937)

- American Sculptor - Designed the central fountain at the Columbia Exposition in 1893

Adolf Loos (1870-1933)

- Austrian Architect, Author "Ornament & Crime" - Villa Muller, Prague, Czech Republic, 1930 - Steiner House, Vienna, Austria, 1911 - Various interiors, Pilzen

Joseph Maria Olbrich (1867-1908)

- Austrian Architect, Founder of the Vienna Secessionist Movement along with Gustav Klimt, Josef Hoffman, and Koloman Moser - German Pavilion Exhibition features a suite of rooms in "House for an Art Connoisseur", St. Louis, Missouri, 1904 -- Blue-stained maple wood piano adorned with inlays of mahogany, ebony, and ivory -- Library room featured furniture designed by him - Various homes & interiors in Germany, renderings produced between 1900-1908 -- Published by ERNST WASMUTH in Germany between 1904-1908 - Vienna Secession Building, 1897 -- "To every age its art, to every art its freedom." -- Interior artwork by Gustav Klimt, "Beethoven's Frieze" -- Destroyed in 1945 - Ernst Ludwig Haus, Darmstadt, Germany, 1900 -- Statues flanking the entrance - Darmstadt Artists' Colony, 1899 - **Connection between women's fashion and his designs!

Richard Neutra (1893-1970)

- Austrian-American Architect - The Kaufmann House for Edgar Kaufmann, Sr., Palm Springs, California, 1946 - Would put bodies of water at the Southeast corner of the lot to act as a natural cooling device for the home - Worked for FLW for a while, didn't like it

Rudolf Schindler (1887-1953)

- Austrian-American Architect - The Schindler Residence, 1922 - Worked for FLW for a while, did not like it - Invented "tilt up slab construction"

Victor Horta (1861-1947)

- Belgian Architect - Hotel Tassel, Brussels, Belgium, Art Nouveau, 1892-93 - Hotel Solvay, Brussels, Belgium, Art Nouveau, 1898-1900 -- Iron & wood - Horta Residence/ Horta House (Horta Museum), Brussels, Art Nouveau, 1897 -- Limestone facade w/ cast iron details and wrought iron details -- Unique use of glazed brick - Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium, 1923 -- Experimented with interior lighting

Henry Van de Velde (1863-1957)

- Belgian Painter, Designer, Architect - Designed the book and binding for Also Spach Zarathustra by Friedrich Nietzsche - Havana Cigar Company, Berlin, Germany, 1899 - Designed the iconic Havana Chair - Designed the Piano Bench for Maria Van de Velde, 1902

Where does the term Bungalow come from?

- Bengali language out of India - Absorbed when England was colonizing India - The English added a second floor

Louis Sullivan (1856-1914)

- Carson, Pirie, Scott Department Store, Chicago, 1899 - The Transportation Building at the Columbian Exposition, Chicago, Illinois, 1893 -- Was the only polychrome Building in the Exposition (all others were white.) -- Was awarded medals in Europe (only building to do so) -- He wrote that the Beaux-Arts approach to the Columbian Exposition set the course of American architecture back "for half a century from its date, if not more."

The Fuller Pavilion

- During the Paris Exhibition of 1900 - The building was made of wire mesh with white stucco to look like cloth

Erich Mendelsohn (1887-1953)

- Einstein Tower, Potsdam, 1920-24 -- Poured concrete - Schocken Department Store, Stuttgart, Germany, 1928 -- Inspired by Gropius' staircase & Louis Sullivan's Chicago Dept Store - De la Warr Pavilion, England, 1935 - Woga-Komplex, Berlin, 1925-31 - Temple B'nai Amoona, St. Louis, Missouri, 1951 -- Fled from Europe to America -- This was one of his last commissions

Edwin Landseer Lutyens (1869-1944)

- English Architect - Munstead Wood at Godalming, Surrey, England, 1900 -- In collaboration with Gertrude Jekyll, then became Jekyll's home -- Designed the "Lutyens Bench" for the garden at Munstead

Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932)

- English Landscape Architect - Worked with Lutyens on Munstead Wood in 1900, which became her home

Eliel Saarinen (1873-1950)

- Finnish Pavilion at the Paris Exhibition of 1900, Art Nouveau, 1900 - Suur-Merijoki Farmhouse in Finland, Art Nouveau & Gesamtkunstwerk, 1903 - Helsinki Railroad Station, Art Nouveau, 1909 - Father to Eero Saarinen (architect of TWA)

Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925)

- First Geotheanum, Dornach, Switzerland, 1913-19 - Second Geotheanum, 1923-28 -- Entirely poured concrete!!!

Pierre Chareau (1883-1950)

- French Architect - Maison de Verre, Paris, France, 1927-32 -- Blackened Steel Fixtures - Armchair design, 1925 - The Tulip Bed, 1923

Robert Mallet Stevens (1886-1945)

- French Architect - Villa Noailles, France, 1927 -- Photographed by Therese Bonney

Richard Riemerschmid (1868-1957)

- German Architect, Painter, Designer, & City Planner - Designed Chair for a music room, Munich, Germany, 1896

Richard Strauss (1864-1949)

- German composer - Was inspired by Oscar Wilde's play "Salome" and wrote an opera by the same name which earned him international recognition. - Also famous for Don Juan, Don Quixote, Also Sprach Zarathustra

Walter Gropius (1883-1969)

- German-American Architect, Bauhaus Director/ Founder - Fagus Shoe Last Factory, 1911 - Model Factory for Werkbund, Cologne, 1914 -- Destroyed in WWII -- Important next step in the design of curtain wall buildings - Bauhaus Building

Siegfried Bing (1838-1905)

- German-French Art Dealer - His Paris Gallery opened in 1895, L'Art Nouveau. - Sold furniture and goods created by Eugene Gaillard, Edward Colonna, Louis Comfort Tiffany, etc. - Bing would commission the pieces for his gallery - Was a part of the Art Nouveau movement and helped introduce Japanese art to the West.

Warren and Wetmore

- Grand Central Station, New York City, New York, 1913

Eileen Gray (1878-1976)

- Irish Architect - E.1027, France, 1926-27 -- Passive cooling, site-specific - The Michelin Chair

Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)

- Irish Poet & Playwright - Wrote the play, Salome, in 1891 in French - Gay - Was banned after being found guilty of sodomy, he moved to England and then later, France.

Giuseppe Brega (1877-1960)

- Italian Architect - Villa Ruggeri, Pesaro, Italy, Art Nouveau, 1907 -- Elaborately decorated

Otto Wagner (1841-1918)

- Majolica House, Vienna, Austria, 1898 -- Very colorful exterior -- Sacred Spring - Postal Bank Building, Vienna, Austria, 1902 -- Expanse of glass block flooring - Kirch am Steinhof, Vienna, Austria, 1903-07 -- Golden dome, golden-lined interior, golden canopy

Ver Sacrum

- Meaning Sacred Spring - Publication of the Secessionist Movement - First edition was released in 1898

Margaret MacDonald (1864-1943)

- O ye, all that walk in Willowwood -- Commissioned piece for one of the many tea rooms she designed with Charles R. Mackintosh, Salon de Luxe -- Glass beads, enamel, fiber - The Detail of the Medallion over the door at the Glasgow School of Art

Daniel Burnham (1846-1912)

- Organized the Chicago Columbian Exposition, Beaux-Arts Style, 1893 - Flatiron Building, New York City, New York, Beaux-Arts, 1902 - Conway Building, Chicago, Illinois, Beaux-Arts, 1913 (completed after death) - Union Station, Washington D.C., Beaux-Arts, 1908

Josef Hoffman (1870-1956)

- Palais Stoclet, Brussels, Belgium,

McKim, Mead, & White

- Pennsylvania Station, New York City, New York, 1901-10 -- HEAVILY influenced by the Baths of Caracalla, Rome, 217 CE (made of brick and concrete) -- Was demolished in 1963

Aubrey Beardsley (1872-1898)

- Published first illustration in a British magazine called the Studio in 1893. - He did the cover illustrations for the very first issue of the Studio magazine.

The influential Japanese Pavilion at the Columbia Exposition of 1893

- Repeatedly visited by Louis Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright, and the Greene Brothers

Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926)

- Spanish Architect - Casa Battlo (or Casa de Ossos "House of Bones"), Barcelona, Spain, Modernisme, 1904 -- St George and the Dragon - Casa Mila (La Pedrera "The Quarry"), Barcelona, Spain, Modernisme, 1906 -- Iron & Stone

Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

- Spanish Painter - Inspired by African Mask design and meanings

Carrere and Hastings

- The New York Public Library, New York City, New York, 1897-1911

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969)

- The Pavilion for the German Nation from the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona, Spain - Glass Tower, 1919 -- Entry for a competition, he did not win - Glass Tower, 1921 -- Published for Berlin, never built - Concrete & Glass Office Building, 1922 -- Never built - Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois, 1945-51 -- Struggled with mosquitos, flooding, the elements

Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)

- The Rite of Spring, 1913 -- One girl is chosen to dance herself to death

Gunta Stolzl (1897-1983)

- Various textile designs - Bauhaus master

Joseph Urban (1872-1933)

- Vienna Set Designer, Architect, and one of the originators of the Art Deco Style - Mar-a-Lago, Palm Beach, Florida, 1926 - The Ziegfeld Theatre, New York City, New York, 1927 - The New School for Social Research, New York City, New York, 1930

Le Corbusier (1887-1965)

- Villa Savoy, 1985 - Villa la Roche, - Villa Contemporanie, 1922 - Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, France, 1951-54 -- Inspired by a crab shell - Pruitt-Igoe, St. Louis, Missouri, 1955-1978

Maria Evans (1863-1944)

- Voysey's wife

Charles R. Mackintosh (1868-1928)

- Windy Hill House, Scotland, 1900 - House for an Art Lover Music Room, Glasgow, Scotland, designed in 1901, constructed 1989-1996 -- In collaboration with Margaret MacDonald -- Competition entry - Daily Record Building, Glasgow, Scotland, 1901 -- Very tight street view - Scotland Street Public School, Glasgow, Scotland, 1904 - Various Tea Rooms -- Miss Cranston's tea rooms -- Public dining establishments for women - Ingram Street Tea Room, Scotland, 1900 - Willow Tea Rooms, Glasgow, Scotland, 1903 - Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow, Scotland, 1902 -- Burned down 2014 - *Hill House, Scotland, 1904 - Various Paintings - Married Margaret MacDonald in 1900

The Studio (1893-1964)

- a British magazine aimed at Designers founded by Charles Holme. - Had a major influence on the Art Nouveau & Arts and Crafts movements.

In _____[1]___________, Lewis notes, four years of the horror of trench warfare and the slaughter of hundreds of thousands of people led to a revulsion against the pre-war explorations of Modernism. The 1920s there were marked by a quest for purity and immaculate forms of antiseptic whiteness. Whereas _____[2]__________ was barely touched by the First World War except paradoxically - by a widening of our experience. This was the first time there was a mass exposure of our soldiers to the culture of ______[1]________.

1 - Europe 2 - The United States

What was the Wiener Werkstatte?

A decorative arts collective founded in 1903 as an offshoot of the Secessionist Movement.

Norney is a house in England by...

C.F.A. Voysey

What was the name of the furniture maker who started an influential design magazine?

Gustav Stickely

The Craftsman Magazine was published by...

Gustav Stickley

Which American was most responsible for the popularity of the Arts and Crafts style?

Gustav Stickley

The origin of the word 'bungalow' and its built form come from...

India

What is the name of Gustav Klimt's cat?

Katze!

What is the German word for sculpture?

Plastik

What designer was inspired by a crab shell and what building did it influence?

Le Corbusier, Ronchamp Chapel

Charles R. Mackintosh's wife's name is...

Margaret Macdonald

Was it Olbrich's or Loo's work that I compared to female fashions of the Wiener Werkstatte?

Oblrich!

Which world's fair featured the work of Joseph Maria Olbrich?

St. Louis, 1904

McKim, Mead, and White's Pennsylvania Station was based on what Roman masterpiece?

The Baths of Caracalla

Beaux-Arts design in the United States was made very popular by what exhibition?

The Columbian Exposition in Chicago, 1893

The demolition of Pennsylvania Station led to the creation of what entity?

The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission

Which important exhibition did Macdonald and Mackintosh join in 1900

The Vienna Secessionist Exhibition

What building did I say was an important next step in the design of curtain wall buildings?

The Werkbund Exhibition Building by Gropius and Meyer

What were the Vienna Secessionists seceding from?

The tyranny of the conservative art establishment.

The Four Questions

What are the three paths taken to modern movements in the mid-1890s? Who were the leaders of those movements? Where were these movements centered? How long did their movements last?

Ernst Wasmuth was the German Publisher of monographs on Wright & Olbrich. Which was published first?

Wright? Olbrich?