Module 1 - History of Child Development

In a psychotherapy session, Adrienne talks with her therapist about the stress of raising two young children who are involved in competitive sports and preparing for standardized tests, while caring for her elderly parents who are experiencing ill health, including early signs of dementia. Adrienne's therapist normalizes her experience as part of the "sandwiched generation," sandwiched between caring for young kids and aging parents. Adrienne is in the ________ period of human development. Middle adulthood Early adulthood Late adulthood Mid-life crisis

Middle adulthood

Millennials, those born between 1982 and 2000, are considered tech-savvy because they grew up with technology and rely on it for daily activities. Millennials are defined by characteristics that were formed while growing up with advancements in technology as part of their world and culture. Which of Baltes' contextual influences does this represent? Normative contextual intelligence Normative age-graded influences Normative history-graded influences Nonnormative influences

Normative history-graded influences

(Nurture/Nature) refers to behavioral and personality traits that come from our experiences while behavioral and personality traits that we are born with are referred to as (Nurture/Nature).

Nurture Nature

Researchers studied frequency and amount of alcohol use in three groups of students (grades 6 to 8, grades 9 to 10, and grades 11 to 12) over five years. With this ________, researchers can examine age-related changes and changes within the same individuals as they age. In addition, researchers can account for the possibility of cohort and/or time of measurement effects. Observational research design Longitudinal research design Cross-sectional research design Sequential research design

Sequential research design

To examine the effectiveness of two types of interventions for anxiety, researchers randomly assigned participants to a 12-week course of cognitive-behavioral therapy, a 12-week mindfulness-based stress reduction program, or a waitlist control group. The researchers administered a standardized measure of anxiety to participants before and after the interventions or waitlist period. In this experiment, what is the dependent variable? Waitlist control group Mindfulness-based stress reduction Cognitive-behavioral therapy Anxiety

Anxiety

A researcher wants to know if the different lengths of time that someone engages with nature affect one's subjective well-being. He recruits a random sample of 50 individuals and has them complete a survey measuring their SWB. He then assigns them to a group where they take a nature walk for 5 minutes, 15 minutes, or 30 minutes, and then they complete the SWB survey again. What type of design is this researcher using? Longitudinal Cross-sectional Experimental

Cross-sectional

In order to minimize attrition in studies with infants and children, researchers are advised to ______. Provide more enticements in the form of rewards. Design the study to be as short as possible. Withhold snacks until the study is complete. Minimize breaks for rest.

Design the study to be as short as possible

Which of the following are included in Baltes' Principles of the Lifespan Perspective? Choose all that apply. Development is influenced by contextual and socio-cultural influences. Development is multidimensional. Development is caused by nurture. Development is plastic.

Development is influenced by contextual and socio-cultural influences. Development is multidimensional. Development is plastic.

Parents exclaim, "One day my baby was crawling around on the floor, and the next day my toddler was wobbling around the house on two feet! It all happened so suddenly." Which approach to describing how developmental changes occur does the parents' statement reflect? Discontinuous development Continuous development Sequential development Universal development

Discontinuous Development

In Bandura's famous bobo doll study, Bandura was studying the impact that observing an adult's behavior has on a child's behavior. Children were placed into 3 groups where they watched a video of either an adult acting aggressive towards the doll, not acting aggressive towards the doll, or they weren't shown the video. Researchers then observed how the children behaved when interacting with the doll. The adult's behavior was the (dependent variable/independent variable), while the child's future behavior was the (dependent variable/independent variable).

Independent variable Dependent variable

A theorist proposes that children learn language by observing and imitating their parents, who in turn reinforce the sounds and words their children produce. In the nature versus nurture debate, where does this theorist's proposal fit? Interaction between nature and nurture. Nature. Reciprocation between nature and nurture. Nurture.

Nurture

A researcher conducted an in-depth study of a child who was raised in isolation and had no contact with same-age peers until age 10. This researcher detailed the child's development in a number of spheres: physical/motor, language/cognitive, social and emotional. What kind of research method is this? Observational study Survey Content analysis Case study

Case study