Module 14 - Nervous Tissue

Match each numbered item with the most closely related lettered item. 1) Effector 2) Multipolar neurons 3) Collaterals 4) Chemical synapse 5) Microglial cells 6) Oligodendrocyte 7) Dendrite 8) Interneuron 9) Chromatophilic substance 10) Motor nervous system Transmits motor information Skeletal muscle fiber Makes myelin sheath in CNS Stain darkly with basic dyes Side branches of axons Respond to CNS infection Neurons with multiple dendrites Sensory to motor neuron communication Uses a neurotransmitter Neuron part that usually receives incoming impulses

1) Effector - SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER 2) Multipolar neurons - NEURONS WITH MULTIPLE DENDRITES 3) Collaterals - SIDE BRANCHES OF AXONS 4) Chemical synapse - USES A NEUROTRANSMITTER 5) Microglial cells - RESPODN TO CNS INFECTION 6) Oligodendrocyte - MAKES MYELIN SHEATH IN CNS 7) Dendrite - NEURON PART THAT USUALLY RECEIVES INCOMING IMPULSES 8) Interneuron - SENSORY TO MOTOR NEURON COMMUNICATION 9) Chromatophilic substance - STAIN DARKLY WITH BASIC DYES 10) Motor nervous system - TRAMITS MOTOR INFORMATION

Match the subdivision of the nervous system with its components. Includes cranial and spinal nerves Consists of the brain and spinal cord

1) Includes cranial and spinal nerves - PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 2) Consists of the brain and spinal cord - CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Match the function with its associated nervous system category. 1) Innervates cardiac and smooth muscle 2) Receives information from skin 3) Receives information from the intestines 4) Innervates skeletal muscles somatic sensory somatic motor visceral sensory autonomic motor

1) Innervates cardiac and smooth muscle - AUTONOMIC MOTOR 2) Receives information from skin - SOMATIC SENSORY 3) Receives information from the - intestines - VISCERAL SENSORY 4) Innervates skeletal muscles - SOMATIC MOTOR

Place the events of a chemical synapse in order.

1) Nerve impulse reaches the synaptic knob. 2) Calcium ions move into the synaptic knob. 3) Synaptic vesicles bind to the inside of the membrane and neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft. 4) Neurotransmitters attach to receptors in the postsynaptic cell, causing ion gates to open. 5) Sodium ions move into the postsynaptic cell. 6) Change in the postsynaptic cell voltage causes a nerve impulse to begin in the postsynaptic cell.

Put the events of axon regeneration into the current order.

1) Peripheral nerve injury results in the severing of an axon. 2) The proximal part of the axon seals off and swells; the distal part degenerates. 3) Glial cells that myelinate the axon form a regeneration tube. 4) Axon regenerates and myelination occurs. 5) Reinnervation of the skeletal muscle fibers by the axon.

Match the type of glial cell with its description. 1) Respond to infection in the CNS 2) Form myelin in PNS 3) Most abundant glial cells in the CNS 4) Line internal cavities of the brain 5) Surround somas in ganglia 6) Form myelin in the CNS asrocytes ependymal cells microglial cells oligodendrocytes satellite cells neurolemmocytes

1) Respond to infection in the CNS - MICROGLIAL CELLS 2) Form myelin in PNS - NEUROLEMMOCYTES 3) Most abundant glial cells in the CNS - ASTROCYTES 4) Line internal cavities of the brain - EPENDYMAL CELLS 5) Surround somas in ganglia - SATELLITE CELLS 6) Form myelin in the CNS - OLIGODENDROCYTES

Match the type of synapse with the description: 1) utilizes neurotransmitters 2) requires gap junctions electrical synapse chemical synapse

1) utilizes neurotransmitters - CHEMICAL SYNAPSE 2) requires gap junctions - ELECTRICAL SYNAPSE

Which of the following glial cells form a myelin sheath around axons? Check all that apply. Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte Ependymal cell Neurolemmocyte

Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte Ependymal cell Neurolemmocyte

Check all that are true statements regarding astrocytes. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the CNS. Astrocytes help form the blood-brain barrier by wrapping around capillaries in the brain. Astrocytes respond to infections in the CNS through phagocytic activity. Astrocytes assist in neuronal fetal development by secreting chemicals that regulate neuronal connections.

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the CNS. Astrocytes help form the blood-brain barrier by wrapping around capillaries in the brain. Astrocytes respond to infections in the CNS through phagocytic activity. Astrocytes assist in neuronal fetal development by secreting chemicals that regulate neuronal connections.

When our esophagus contracts involuntarily to move a bolus of food down, it is acting based on which subdivision of the motor nervous system?

Autonomic

Which functional division of the nervous system controls involuntary movement of smooth muscle?

Autonomic motor

A student observes the structure of a neuron under the microscope. The cell has a central soma with two cell processes emerging, one on each side. One cell process receives input from another cell while the second cell process is responsible for generating output. What is the structural classification of this neuron?

Bipolar

Check all that apply to chemical synapses. Chemical synapses are the most numerous type of synapse in the human body. Chemical synapses are found primarily in smooth muscle cells. Chemical synapses are unidirectional (one way). Chemical synapses allow two-way signaling.

Chemical synapses are the most numerous type of synapse in the human body. Chemical synapses are found primarily in smooth muscle cells. Chemical synapses are unidirectional (one way). Chemical synapses allow two-way signaling.

While waiting for your food at your favorite restaurant, you see your favorite dish being carried to the table next to yours. The sight and smell of the food causes your salivary glands to produce saliva. What type of neural circuit caused this single reaction from the multiple stimuli you experienced?

Converging circuit

The acronym SAME-DAVE can help you remember how neurons are functionally classified according to the direction of their nerve impulses, as well as the locations of these neuron types. In the acronym, what does the "M" stand for?

Motor

Which of the following are disorders affecting myelin? Check all that apply. Multiple sclerosis Guillain-Barre syndrome Spina bifida Neuroplasticity

Multiple sclerosis Guillain-Barre syndrome Spina bifida Neuroplasticity

Check all that apply to myelinated axons. Myelinated axons have slower nerve impulse conduction than unmyelinated axons. Myelinated axons have faster nerve impulse conduction than unmyelinated axons. In myelinated axons, the nerve impulses "jump" from node to node, and do not have to travel the entire length of the axon membrane. Myelinated axons use more energy than unmyelinated axons. Myelinated axons use less energy than unmyelinated axons.

Myelinated axons have slower nerve impulse conduction than unmyelinated axons. Myelinated axons have faster nerve impulse conduction than unmyelinated axons. In myelinated axons, the nerve impulses "jump" from node to node, and do not have to travel the entire length of the axon membrane. Myelinated axons use more energy than unmyelinated axons. Myelinated axons use less energy than unmyelinated axons.

Which of the following cells secrete nerve growth factors that stimulate outgrowth of severed axons?

Neurolemmocytes

____________ are large cells that ensheath many different axons in the CNS.

Oligodendrocytes

Myelin sheaths mainly consist of which part of the glial cells that form them?

Plasma membranes

Check all that are a function of the nervous system. Processing and evaluating information Collecting information Responding to information

Processing and evaluating information Collecting information Responding to information

The optic nerve is composed of axons of neurons that send afferent information from the retina of the eye to the brain. Which of the following describes the functional classification of this nerve?

Sensory

Check all that are factors that increase the chance of a damaged axon being able to regenerate. The damaged axon is in the CNS. The damaged axon is in the PNS. Some neurilemma remains. The distance between the site of the damaged axon and the effector organ is relatively short.

The damaged axon is in the CNS. The damaged axon is in the PNS. Some neurilemma remains. The distance between the site of the damaged axon and the effector organ is relatively short.

An MRI shows a neoplasm in the left hemisphere of a patient's brain. Further examination reveals that it originated in the brain, specifically with the cells that surround and support neurons. Select all that are true of this case. The patient has a primary tumor. The patient has a secondary tumor. The patient has a glioma. The patient has a lymphoma.

The patient has a primary tumor. The patient has a secondary tumor. The patient has a glioma. The patient has a lymphoma.

Check all that are true statements regarding the sensory and motor nervous systems. The sensory nervous system contains both PNS and CNS components. The somatic nervous system component of the motor nervous system conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. The visceral sensory component of the sensory nervous system is under voluntary control. The motor nervous system contains both CNS and PNS components.

The sensory nervous system contains both PNS and CNS components. The somatic nervous system component of the motor nervous system conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. The visceral sensory component of the sensory nervous system is under voluntary control. The motor nervous system contains both CNS and PNS components.

Considering that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) affects the somatic motor system, which of the following functions will be impaired in a patient with ALS? Voluntary movements Vision Sense of equilibrium (balance) Activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Voluntary movements

The perivascular feet of a(n) ____________ help create a blood-brain barrier.

astrocyte

Terminal arborizations are branches at the distal ends of axons and collaterals. major branches off the main axon. the triangular region of the soma. the swellings at the distal ends of axons.

branches at the distal ends of axons and collaterals.

Experiments on individual neurons in a laboratory include watching them pass changes in an electrical charge down their plasma membrane. What property of a neuron does this best exemplify?

conductivity

Walking heel-to-toe is analogous to _____________ nerve impulse conduction, whereas skipping down the same path is analgous to _____________ conduction.

continuous; saltatory

An entire nerve is surrounded by a connective tissue covering called the...?

epineurium.

Which glial cell acts as a phagocyte?

microglial cell

A nerve that contains neurons sending both afferent and efferent information is classified as

mixed.

Bipolar neurons have one axon and _____________ dendrite(s).

one

A fascicle is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue called the...?

perineurium.

The ___________ nervous system transmits information from receptors to the CNS, while the ___________ nervous system transmits information from the CNS to the rest of the body.

sensory; motor

The _________ sensory system includes sensory information such as touch, pain, pressure, vibrations, and the general senses.

somatic

An individual's nose itches and they reach to scratch it. The stimulus was detected by the _____________ division of the sensory nervous system and the command to scratch was carried out by the _____________ division of the motor nervous system.

somatic sensory; somatic motor

A typical synapse in the CNS consists of a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron, separated by a narrow space called the:

synaptic cleft.