Module 20: Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

Research discussed in the textbook suggests that it takes just over _____ days for a behavior to become a habit.

60

All of these were early theorists in associative learning EXCEPT:

Sigmund Freud.

Classical and operant conditioning involve learning by linking events. This involves learning by _____.

association

Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This BEST illustrates:

associative learning.

Which example demonstrates that learning has occurred?

avoiding speeding in an area where you received a ticket previously

When Miguel was a child, he was attacked by a swarm of hornets in his backyard. Now, every time he hears the sound of hornets he immediately becomes frightened. This is an example of _____ conditioning.

classical

Lightning is associated with thunder and always precedes it. Thus, when we see lightning we often anticipate that we will hear thunder soon afterward. This is an example of:

classical conditioning.

In a study of classical conditioning, A.J. repeatedly hears a tone just before having a puff of air directed into his eye. Blinking in response to a tone presented without a puff of air is a(n):

conditioned response.

A year after surviving a shooting, Angie still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and the sound of balloons popping. This reaction BEST illustrates:

generalization.

Adam was stung by a bee. Now he is frightened not only of bees but of all flying insects. This example illustrates:

generalization.

Both Watson and Pavlov believed that psychology should study only _____ and _____ psychological phenomena.

objective; observable

Which idea is NOT one of Pavlov's major contributions to the field of psychology?

that his methods demonstrated the importance of subjective judgments