Module 23 textbook questions

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

90 minutes.

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?

As sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases.

Which of the following sleep theories would best explain why athletes perform better after a full night's sleep?

Growth

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

In response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiasmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep.

What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in sleep?

It causes the pineal gland to increase the production of melatonin.

Which of the following is true of melatonin?

It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream.

Shortly after falling asleep, James experiences the hypnagogic sensation of falling. It is most likely that he is in which stage of sleep?

NREM-1

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

NREM-1 sleep

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of

NREM-1 sleep.

Sleepwalking is most likely to be associated with ________ sleep.

NREM-3

Which of the following represents a circadian rhythm?

Our bodies sleep-wake on a roughly 24 hour schedule.

Which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns?

People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer.

A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as ________ sleep.

REM

As a participant in a sleep study, you are awakened at different times throughout the night and asked whether you had a dream. You are more likely to report having a dream if you are in which type of sleep?

REM sleep

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

REM sleep.

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

REM sleep.

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

REM sleep.

Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with

REM sleep.

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep.

REM; NREM-3

Why is REM sleep also known as paradoxical sleep?

The brain is at its most active, but the body is at its most relaxed

Circadian rhythm refers to

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle.

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations change from one season to the next are highlighting the importance of

biological rhythms.

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his normal

circadian rhythm.

After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal

circadian rhythm.

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

circadian rhythm.

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of

circadian rhythm.

The roughly 24-hour cycle of day and night that runs our internal biological clocks is called the

circadian rhythm.

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the

circadian rhythm.

The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called

delta waves.

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

delta waves.

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is

dreaming

Slow-wave sleep promotes

effective memory

The impact of circadian rhythms is best illustrated by

fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day.

Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces ________ that are toxic to neurons.

free radicals

Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggests that

genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get.

Patrick has just entered REM sleep. Which of the following is he likely to experience?

Body paralysis

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls the circadian rhythm by adjusting the production of _____.

melatonin

When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ________ production by the pineal gland.

melatonin

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.

Slow wave sleep appears to play an important role in

physical growth.

Alpha waves are associated with

relaxed but awake state.

Research on sleep patterns indicates that

sleep patterns may be genetically influenced.

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called

sleep spindles.

The pituitary gland releases a growth hormone during

slow-wave sleep.

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Staying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on

the circadian rhythm.

When people are experiencing vivid dreams

their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids.

Margie insists that she never dreams, but her sister feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the sister should

wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming.

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep.

Which of the following typically occur(s) during REM sleep?

genital arousal

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

hallucinations.

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to

have very relaxed muscles.

Researchers have demonstrated that people trained to perform tasks recall them better after a night's sleep than after several hours awake. This finding suggests that sleep

is involved in the memory process.