Module 23.1 Mastering A/P

Which of the following involves the removal of hydrogen electrons and CO2 from the substrate molecule? a)Krebs Cycle b)Electron Transport Chain c)Glycolysis

a)Krebs Cycle

Catabolism would be best described as a process that ________. a)breaks down complex structures to simpler ones b)causes a decline in circulating ketone bodies c)elevates glucagon levels d)builds up triglycerides during the postabsorptive state

a)breaks down complex structures to simpler ones

Which of the following is NOT a pathway in the oxidation of glucose? a)gluconeogenesis b)Krebs cycle c)glycolysis d)electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

a)gluconeogenesis

Which of the following does not occur in the mitochondria? a)glycolysis b)electron transport c)Krebs cycle d)formation of malic acid from fumaric acid

a)glycolysis

The term metabolism is best defined as ________. a)the sum of biochemical reactions involved in building breaking down molecules b)the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day c)the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats d)a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories

a)the sum of biochemical reactions involved in building breaking down molecules

Glycogenesis begins when ATP levels are high, and glucose entering cells is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate and converted to its isomer, glucose-1-phosphate. a)true b)false

a)true

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration? a)6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 b)C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy c)6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 d)C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 → 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy d)C6H12O6 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 6 O2 + ATP energy

b)C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

Which of the following statements regarding the electron transport chain is FALSE? a)The electron carriers within complex IV have a greater affinity for electrons than the electron carrier within complex III. b)Each enzyme complex in the electron transport chain catalyzes the conversion of oxygen to water. c)Oxidation of electron carriers within the electron transport chain results in the transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. d)Transfer of electrons to the electron transport chain from NADH results in more ATP synthesis than transfer of electrons from FADH2.

b)Each enzyme complex in the electron transport chain catalyzes the conversion of oxygen to water.

Which of the following involves the use of oxygen to pick up excess hydrogen and electrons? a)Krebs Cycle b)Electron Transport Chain c)Glycolysis

b)Electron Transport Chain

Which of the following produces the most ATP? a)Krebs Cycle b)Electron Transport Chain c)Glycolysis

b)Electron Transport Chain

Which of the following is NOT true of beta oxidation? a)Every second carbon is reduced. b)It involves the anabolism of fats. c)Fatty acids are broken into acetic acid fragments. d)It occurs in the mitochondrion.

b)It involves the anabolism of fats.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the electron transport chain (ETC)? a)The electron transport chain is an anaerobic pathway. b)The ETC occurs in the mitochondria. c)NADH is a product of the ETC. d)The final electron acceptor in the ETC is water.

b)The ETC occurs in the mitochondria.

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle? a)This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. b)This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. c)This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. d)This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration e)This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA.

b)This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which of the following is NOT an end product of the Krebs cycle? a)FADH2 b)citric acid c)NADH d)CO2

b)citric acid

Beta oxidation is the initial phase of fatty acid oxidation, and it occurs in the cytoplasm. a)true b)false

b)false

Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ________. a)glycogen is broken down to release glucose b)glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors c)glycogen is formed d)glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water

b)glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors

Anabolism includes reactions in which ________. a)structural proteins are used as a potential energy source b)larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones c)ketone bodies are formed d)carbohydrate utilization increases

b)larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones

Which of the following does glucose serve as the initial reactant? a)Krebs Cycle b)Electron Transport Chain c)Glycolysis

c)Glycolysis

Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a cell? a)Krebs Cycle b)Electron Transport Chain c)Glycolysis

c)Glycolysis

Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the ________. a)conversion of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water b)formation of sugar c)conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid d)conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water

c)conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Which nutrient molecule is the pivotal fuel molecule in the oxidative pathways? a)cholesterol b)protein c)glucose d)fat

c)glucose

In gluconeogenesis, during the postabsorptive state, amino acids and ________ are converted to glucose. a)acetyl Co A b)glycogen c)glycerol d)glucagon

c)glycerol

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration. a)glycolysis → citric acid cycle → acetyl CoA → electron transport chain b)acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain → glycolysis c)glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain d)electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → glycolysis → acetyl CoA d)citric acid cycle → electron transport chain → glycolysis → acetyl CoA

c)glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)? a)glycogenesis, lipogenesis, electron transport chain b)gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle, lipolysis c)glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation d)lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation

c)glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? a)lactic acid production b)substrate-level phosphorylation c)oxidative phosphorylation d)oxidation reactions

c)oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following is correct? a)Glycolysis relies on substrate-level oxidation for the four ATP produced in this pathway. b)Most of the ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. c)Most ATP from cellular respiration are produced directly in the Krebs cycle. d)Each FADH2 yields about 1 1/2 ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

d)Each FADH2 yields about 1 1/2 ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

Which statement describes glycolysis? a)This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. b)This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. c)This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. d)This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. e)This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose.

d)This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes the electron transport chain? a)This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. b)This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. c)This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. d)This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. e)This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

d)This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

Redox reactions __________. a)do not occur under physiological conditions b)are characterized by the exchange of water molecules c)rarely involve enzymes d)are characterized by one substance gaining an electron while another substance loses an electron

d)are characterized by one substance gaining an electron while another substance loses an electron

Glycolysis occurs in the __________ of cells and is an __________ process. a)mitochondria; aerobic b)cytosol; aerobic c)mitochondria; anaerobic d)cytosol; anaerobic

d)cytosol; anaerobic

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? a)ATP production by ATP synthase b)electron transport chain c)citric acid cycle d)glycolysis e)acetyl CoA formation

d)glycolysis

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? a)lysosome b)chloroplast c)nucleus d)mitochondrion e)Golgi apparatus

d)mitochondrion

What is the primary function of cellular respiration - its end-purpose? a)to produce proteins b)to metabolize nutrients c)to oxidize glucose d)to generate ATP

d)to generate ATP