Module 26

Algorithm

A procedure that guarantees a problem's solution is called

Most adults are more likely to choose a birth control method that is said to have a 95 percent success rate than one that is said to have a 5 percent failure rate. This BEST illustrates the impact of _____.

Framing

The way an issue is posed or how an issue is presented can significantly affect decisions and judgments; this is known as _____.

Framing

Köhler studied insight by observing:

chimpanzees obtaining bananas.

Whenever Tarik reminded himself that his musical skills could earn him fame and fortune, he became less creative in his musical performance. This BEST illustrates that creativity may be inhibited by _____motivation.

extrinsic

One major impediment to problem solving is _____, which is the inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective.

fixation

Fixation

refers to an inability to view a problem from a new perspective.

Linguistic determinism

Associated with Benjamin Whorf, is the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought.

According to the principle of belief perseverance, when faced with evidence supporting one's point of view on a controversial issue, one would MOST likely:

Assume it is correct

A person who can effectively identify the best possible answers to multiple-choice test questions is using:

Convergent Thinking

Raul is very skilled at taking aptitude tests and finding solutions to match and science problems. Raul's skills illustrate:

Convergent Thinking

Researchers studying chimpanzees in the wild report that they have found at least 39 customs that are specific to local chimpanzee groups. Differences in tool use, grooming, and courtship rituals can be accounted for by:

Cultural Diversity

A problem-solving strategy that is usually fast, but sometimes error-prone, is known as a(n) _____.

Heuristic

Students will tend to study the same way for every class they are taking, especially when they have been successful. This is an example of a:

Mental Set

The tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past, is known as a(n) _____.

Mental set

syntactic language

efers to rules governing word placement in a sentence.

Jahmal cites his cousin Luana's many car accidents as evidence that women are worse drivers than men. He overlooks the fact that his wife and three daughters have had far fewer car accidents than he and his two sons. Jahmal's prejudicial conclusion about women's driving skills BEST illustrates the effects of:

confirmation bias.

Belief perseverance

describes the tendency to cling to an initial conception, regardless of the evidence; it would not make someone question the source of information supporting his or her information.

availability heuristic

refers to the tendency to judge the likelihood of events based on how easily they are imagined.

Creativity is the ability to:

Produce novel and valuable ideas.

Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport because it failed to resemble his _____ of a sport.

Prototype

A concept is:

a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people.

Dr. Zane has been studying monkeys' ability to classify photographs of cats and dogs. After the monkeys became competent at this task, Dr. Zane found that specific frontal lobe neurons fired in response to new catlike or doglike images. This suggests that the monkeys: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

Can form concepts.

As cognitive psychologists define it, a concept is a(n):

Category

Shawna is about to graduate with a bachelor of arts in psychology and is planning to attend graduate school. Her primary interests are in how people store new information in memory, solve problems, and communicate with others. She is MOST interested in mental activities known as:

Cognition

After gathering extensive information about the colleges she was interested in attending, Krista let the information incubate outside her conscious awareness for several days. This provided time for her decision to be potentially enhanced by:

Intuition

In testing thousands of different materials for use as light bulb filaments, Thomas Edison BEST illustrated a problem-solving approach known as:

Trial and error

While studying chimpanzees, _____ observed that animals have the ability to display insight.

Wolfgang Köhler

intrinsic motivation.

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Divergent Thinking

involved expanding the number of possible solutions to a problem.

At the zoo, a group of chimpanzees has found a way to groom each other with branches from a fake tree in their cage. The younger chimpanzees invented this grooming technique and are passing it on to their peers and offspring. Thus, they are:

transmitting cultural innovations.