Module 3 quiz (anatomy of the nervous system)
Evoked potentials in the brain are most likely to be detected by a(n) ____. CAT scan PET scan EEG MRI
EEG
If you could selectively damage the individual laminae of the cortex, damage to which layer would most likely affect visual sensation? Layer IV of the occipital cortex Layer V of the occipital cortex Layer II of the frontal cortex Layer IV of the temporal cortex
Layer IV of the occipital cortex
Which method is dependent upon injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood to measure blood flow? PET CAT magnetic stimulation fMRI
PET
Damage to the basal ganglia would most likely result in ____. a movement disorder problems with auditory perception a loss of pain sensation problems with visual perception
a movement disorder
Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by the parasympathetic nervous system? norepinephrine dopamine acetylcholine serotonin
acetylcholine
Thus far, it appears that the brain feature most strongly correlated with IQ in humans is the ____. amount of gray matter brain-to-body ratio volume of the hippocampus brain weight
amount of gray matter
Sympathetic ganglia ____. have short postganglionic fibers extending to internal organs are located inside the spinal cord are closely linked and often act as a single system act more independently than do parasympathetic ganglia
are closely linked and often act as a single system
Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____. the central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system voluntary behavior; involuntary behavior arousal; relaxation neurotransmitters; hormones
arousal; relaxation
The nucleus basalis is a key part of the brain's system for ____. visual perception auditory perception attention emotional response
attention
Which structure is likely to be damaged in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and other conditions that impair movement? thalamus basal ganglia reticular formation limbic system
basal ganglia
How does the method of transcranial magnetic stimulation of brain areas differ from magnetic inactivation? Brain activation results from long, intense magnetic stimulation. Brain inactivation results from mild, brief magnetic stimulation. Brain inactivation results as the magnets are simply reversed. Brain activation results from mild, brief magnetic stimulation.
brain activation results from mild, brief magnetic stimulation
The central nervous system is composed of the ____. brain and spinal cord nerves outside the brain and spinal cord exclusively somatic and autonomic nervous systems sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
brain and spinal cord
If one structure is on the left side of the body and another is on the right, they are said to be ____ to each other. contralateral lateral ipsilateral medial
contralateral
Each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex receives most of its input from the ____ side of the body and controls the muscles on the ____ side. contralateral; contralateral ipsilateral; contralateral ipsilateral; ipsilateral contralateral; ipsilateral
contralateral; contralateral
The precentral gyrus is essential for the ____. coordination between vision and hearing attention to hunger and thirst regulation of emotions control of fine movements
control of fine movements
Vision is to ____ as hearing is to ____. cranial nerve II; cranial nerve V cranial nerve II; cranial nerve VIII cranial nerve IV; cranial nerve VIII cranial nerve I; cranial nerve X
cranial nerve II; cranial nerve VIII
A cross section of the spinal cord indicates that gray matter is ____. composed only of dendrites densely packed with myelinated axons composed mostly of unmyelinated axons densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites
densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites
Which technique is dependent upon the release of oxygen from hemoglobin molecules? MRI PET fMRI rCBF
fMRI
The ventricles, central canal, and subarachnoid space are all ____. filled with cerebrospinal fluid involved in cognitive functioning filled with blood part of the forebrain
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Research indicates that the behavioral effects of the cerebellum may be due to its role in ____. coordinating the release of hormones interpreting visual stimuli coordinating information from left and right hemispheres focusing attention and organizing sensory inputs
focusing attention and organizing sensory inputs
Cell bodies of motor neurons would most likely be found in ____. white matter gray matter the dorsal roots the tracts
gray matter
If the prefrontal cortex is damaged, an individual may ____. have difficulty remembering where s/he just placed the keys sleep 18-22 hours per day lose all memory of faces for at least six months have impaired vision
have difficulty remembering where s/he just placed the keys
Neurons in the prefrontal cortex ____ than neurons in other cortical areas. are more sensitive to light have greater velocities of action potentials have more dendritic spines are larger in size
have more dendritic spines
The term rhombencephalon refers to the ____. hindbrain midbrain brainstem forebrain
hindbrain
Which structure consists of the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum? midbrain hindbrain forebrain reticular formation
hindbrain
An individual has difficulty remembering certain things after brain damage, but all memories stored before the damage are intact. The brain area most likely damaged is the ____. fornix hippocampus hypothalamus nucleus basalis
hippocampus
The ascending portion of the reticular formation ____. controls the motor areas of the brain increases arousal and attention is responsible for the eye muscles controls the motor areas of the spinal cord
increases arousal and attention
The large-scale integration problem is the difficulty of ____. knowing how the areas of your brain work together to create a combined perception getting the different parts of the brain to physically connect during development understanding how neurons work how more than one person can perceive the same object at the same time
knowing how the areas of your brain work together to create a combined perception
A group of forebrain structures is important for motivated and emotional behavior. What term refers to this group of structures? reticular formation limbic system basal ganglia tegmentum
limbic system
People with damage of the parietal cortex tend to have trouble ____ locating objects in space speaking hearing sounds remembering past events
locating objects in space
The parasympathetic nervous system has ____. long preganglionic and short postganglionic axons short preganglionic and short postganglionic axons short preganglionic and long postganglionic axons long preganglionic and long postganglionic axons
long preganglionic and short postganglionic axons
The hippocampus plays a major role in ____. innate sexual behavior temperature regulation memory secretion of hormones
memory
Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____. acetylcholine; norepinephrine norepinephrine; acetylcholine serotonin; dopamine dopamine; serotonin
norepinephrine; acetylcholine
Which structure receives input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex? spinal cord reticular formation amygdala nucleus basilis
nucleus basilis
Cortical blindness may result from the destruction of ____. the parietal cortex the occipital cortex any part of the cortex the central sulcus
occipital cortex
Which part of the cerebral cortex is most important for the sense of touch? frontal lobe temporal lobe parietal lobe occipital lobe
parietal
Someone who suddenly loses the ability to identify objects by feeling them has probably suffered damage to what area of the cerebral cortex? frontal lobe temporal lobe parietal lobe corpus callosum
parietal lobe
The ____ monitors all the information about eye, head, and body positions and passes it on to brain areas that control movement. parietal lobe occipital lobe central sulcus precentral gyrus
parietal lobe
The "binding problem" is the issue of how we ____. communicate between word comprehension and word production areas of the brain convert sensory information into a pattern that produces movement perceive visual, auditory and other aspects of a stimulus as a single object transfer information between the left and right hemispheres
perceive visual, auditory and other aspects of a stimulus as a single object
Together, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system make up the ____ nervous system. central sympathetic dorsal peripheral
peripheral
Secretions from which gland will also affect the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and ovaries or testes? pineal gland thymus gland pituitary gland pineal gland
pituitary gland
A stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for ____. testing reflexes placing an electrode in the brain assessing regional blood flow measuring blood pressure
placing an electrode in the brain
The nuclei for most of the cranial nerves are located in the ____. hypothalamus cerebral cortex midbrain pons and medulla
pons and medulla
The only area of the cerebral cortex known to receive input from ALL sensory modalities is the ____. parietal lobe thalamus striate cortex prefrontal cortex
prefrontal cortex
What is the primary target area in the cortex for information regarding muscle-stretch and joint receptors? precentral gyrus primary somatosensory cortex occipital lobe central sulcus
primary somatosensory cortex
One function of the thalamus is to ____. moderate emotional outbursts relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex direct the secretions of the hypothalamus regulate sleep cycles
relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex
After damage to the dorsal roots of the spinal cord, an individual will suffer what kind of loss? sensation of the muscles on the opposite side of the body control of the peripheral muscles in the affected body area sensation from the affected body area control of organs in the affected body area
sensation from the affected body area
The sweat glands, adrenal glands, and muscles that constrict blood vessels have input from only the ____ nervous system. central dorsal root parasympathetic sympathetic
sympathetic
Which part of the nervous system prepares the body for "fight or flight" activities? sympathetic peripheral somatic parasympathetic
sympathetic
You are walking after dark. A sudden noise frightens you. Your heart pounds, your pulse races, and your breathing rate increases. These responses are due to your ____. immune system somatic nervous system sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
What is the primary area of the cerebral cortex for auditory sensations? occipital parietal frontal temporal
temporal
Which lobe seems to be especially involved in the comprehension of spoken language in humans? parietal temporal occipital frontal
temporal
Which lobe contributes most to the perception of movement and recognition of faces? temporal lobe occipital lobe frontal lobe parietal lobe
temporal lobe
Women on the average have a greater density of neurons in part of the ____. temporal lobe hippocampus frontal lobe gray matter
temporal lobe
Which structure provides the main source of input to the cerebral cortex? limbic system medulla thalamus hypothalamus
thalamus
An electroencephalograph measures ____. the electrical resistance of hair the average activity of the cells in a given region of the brain the rate of glucose uptake in active regions of the brain action potentials in an individual neuron
the average activity of the cells in a given region of the brain
Which statement is TRUE about laminae in the cerebral cortex? The laminae vary in thickness in different areas. All cortical areas contain six layers. Odd numbered laminae contain only neurons; even numbered laminae contain only glia. Each layer corresponds to a different sensory modality.
the laminae vary in thickness in different areas
Acetylcholine is the only neurotransmitter released by ____. intrinsic neurons of the hippocampus intrinsic neurons in the spinal cord the sympathetic nervous system's postganglionic synapses the parasympathetic nervous system's postganglionic axons
the parasympathetic nervous system's postganglionic axons
Which statement is TRUE of the cortical areas that are sometimes known as "association areas"? They have primary control over processes of thinking and reasoning. They integrate information from more than one sensory system. They form associations between touch and hearing. They are best described as additional sensory areas.
they are best described as additional sensory areas
What do the corpus callosum and anterior commissure have in common? They both produce CSF. They are made up of gray matter. They each have six laminae. They both connect the two hemispheres.
they both connect the two hemispheres
Superior colliculus is to ____ as inferior colliculus is to ____. vision; hearing taste; smell touch; hearing vision; touch
vision; hearing
Computerized axial tomography creates an image from ____. gamma rays microwaves x-rays infrared rays
x-rays
