Module 3.1, 3.2, & 3.3

Which of the following best describes the relationship that the Chinese and Aztec empires had with their respective peripheral states during the fifteenth century C.E.? A Both empires used military force to severely limit the sovereignty of their peripheral states to their core states. B Both empires welcomed the diffusion of cultural traditions from their peripheral territories. C Both empires established tributary relationships with their peripheral states. D Both empires actively sought to assimilate the citizens of their peripheral states into their respective core cultures.

C Both empires established tributary relationships with their peripheral states.

The increase in the intensification of exchange between the hemispheres resulted in which of the following? (A) The concept of God, Gold, and Glory limited the expansion of Christianity into Africa. (B) Belief systems did not blend as people migrated throughout the hemispheres. (C) Indian Ocean traders from the coast of Swahili brought Christianity to Indonesia. (D) The practice of Christianity continued to spread throughout Eurasia aided by the Jesuits.

(D) The practice of Christianity continued to spread throughout Eurasia aided by the Jesuits.

Which of the following is similar to the split and diffusion of Christianity during the period from 1450 to 1750? (A) the growth of Buddhism in South Asia and on the islands in Southeast Asia (B) the spread of Sufi practices to the Americas as believers adapted Islamic practices (C) the development of Buddhism in relation to Hinduism but with the rejection of the caste system (D) the development Sikhism as a result of interactions between Hinduism and Islam

(D) the development Sikhism as a result of interactions between Hinduism and Islam

The portrait of Emperor Jahangir in Image 1 was most likely a symbolic representation of which of the following? A The Mughal Empire's scientific achievements B The expanding power of the Mughal Empire C The extended travels of Emperor Jahangir to Eurasian pilgrimage sites D The Mughal Empire's control of global trade networks

B The expanding power of the Mughal Empire

Which of the following most directly led to the collapse of the Byzantine Empire in the fifteenth century? A The expansion of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates B The expansion of the Ottoman Empire C The expansion of the Mongol Empire D The expansion of Crusading activities in the Mediterranean region

B The expansion of the Ottoman Empire

he image above, from seventeenth-century Ethiopia, shows the Virgin Mary and Christ Child with the merchant who commissioned the painting lying below. The painting can best be used as evidence for which of the following world historical trends that took place during the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.? A The use of art to glorify rulers B The sponsorship of art by new elites C Governments using art to foster nationalism among their populations D The diffusion of African artistic traditions across Indian Ocean trade routes

B The sponsorship of art by new elites

The photograph above of the Süleymaniye mosque in Istanbul exemplifies which of the following historical processes? A The interaction of humans and the environment B The synthesis of established cultural traditions and new traditions C Competition between traditional elites and the wealthy urban class for control of cultural traditions D The spread of missionary religions over global trade networks

B The synthesis of established cultural traditions and new traditions

Most agricultural laborers in the Ottoman Empire were A slaves B free peasants C serfs D sharecroppers E indentured servants

B free peasants

In the period 900 to 1500 C.E., the Ottomans and the Aztecs were similar in that both peoples were A isolated from the major Eurasian trade routes B nomadic groups that migrated to already settled regions and conquered them C politically unified by the adoption of a monotheistic religion D able to dominate other societies with large horse-mounted armies

B nomadic groups that migrated to already settled regions and conquered them

Which statement provides the most useful context for understanding the emperor's reaction?

B. He appreciated new items to decorate his garden

Which of the following was a similar factor in the rise of Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid empires? (A) Each empire took advantage of the power vacuum that resulted from the devastation of Timur and the breakup of the Mongol empire. (B) Each empire took advantage of the strength of their Janissaries to defeat others in warfare and expand their territories. (C) Silver from the Americas stabilized the economies of each empire and allowed for their rapid rise and expansion. (D) Each empire benefitted from the expansion of Islam and the wealth gained from Indian Ocean trade networks.

(A) Each empire took advantage of the power vacuum that resulted from the devastation of Timur and the breakup of the Mongol empire.

What role did Europeans play in Indian Ocean trade that caused increased competition between the Europeans and the Ottomans? (A) The Europeans were unsuccessful traders and used the Ottomans as middlemen. 125 Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2011, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. (B) The Europeans signed agreements with the Mughals that cut the Ottomans out of their trade networks. (C) The Europeans attempted to use force to regulate and dominate the spice trade. (D) The Europeans traded furs for gold and spices.

(C) The Europeans attempted to use force to regulate and dominate the spice trade.

. Existing belief systems in the period from 1450 to 1750 included all of the following reforms or changes except one. Which one? (A) the reform of Haitian vodun as a result of interactions between Christianity and African religions (B) the reform of Sikhism in South Asia as a result of interactions between Hinduism and Islam (C) the end of the split between the Sunni and Shi'a as a result of the contact between the Ottomans and Safavids (D) the continued spread of Islam to Afro-Eurasia as Sufi practices encouraged the adaption of Islam to local practices

(C) the end of the split between the Sunni and Shi'a as a result of the contact between the Ottomans and Safavids

Another remarkable fact and quite worthy of note as marking a difference from the West, is that the entire kingdom is administered by the Order of the Learned, commonly known as the Philosophers. The responsibility for orderly management of the entire realm is wholly and completely committed to their charge and care. The army, both officers and soldiers, hold them in high respect and show them the promptest obedience and deference, and not infrequently the military are disciplined by them as a schoolboy might be punished by his master. Policies of war are formulated and military questions are decided by the Philosophers only, and their advice and counsel has more weight with the King than that of the military leaders. In fact very few of these, and only on rare occasions, are admitted to war consultations. Hence it follows that those who aspire to be cultured frown upon war and would prefer the lowest rank in the philosophical order to the highest in the military, realizing that the Philosophers far excel military leaders in the good will and the respect of the people and in opportunities of acquiring wealth. Matthew Ricci, China in the Sixteenth Century, 1942 4.38. Identify an important feature of Chinese culture during the Ming dynasty, (A) Emperors conducted elaborate public performances of Confucian rituals to legitimize their rule. (B) Chinese males were forced to wear the queue to demonstrate loyalty to the emperor. (C) The employment of eunuchs in the Forbidden City ended, giving the emperor more power. (D) The popularity of Buddhism increased, leading to a decline in Confucian values and education.

(A) Emperors conducted elaborate public performances of Confucian rituals to legitimize their rule.

Which of the following was a consequence of the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople? (A) Europeans began to search for alternate routes to the Indies and looked to overseas expansion. (B) China and Japan closed their borders to all foreign trade and visitors. (C) The slave trade and violence in Africa increased as slavers became allies with African kingdoms. (D) The Russians joined forces with the Europeans to prevent Ottoman expansion

(A) Europeans began to search for alternate routes to the Indies and looked to overseas expansion.

How did fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Europeans view the inhabitants of the New World? (A) Europeans viewed them as barbarians after witnessing the Mexica and Aztec practice of human sacrifice. (B) Europeans viewed them as enemies because of their advanced technology. (C) Europeans viewed them as children who needed to be educated. (D) Europeans viewed them as brothers and sisters who would teach them the skills necessary to survive.

(A) Europeans viewed them as barbarians after witnessing the Mexica and Aztec practice of human sacrifice.

Colonial economies in the Americas depended on a range of coerced labor, including which of the following? (A) Spanish adaptation of the Inca mita system (B) practices of serfdom brought to the New World by Russian immigrants (C) taxation of locals to raise money for the home country (D) practices of indentured servitude developed by new African elites

(A) Spanish adaptation of the Inca mita system

When the dance was loveliest and when song was linked to song, the Spaniards were seized with an urge to kill the celebrants. They all ran forward, armed as if for battle. They closed the entrances and passageways . . . then [they] rushed into the Sacred Patio to slaughter the inhabitants . . . they attacked the man who was drumming and cut off his arms. Then they cut off his head, and it rolled across the floor. They attacked all the celebrants stabbing them, spearing them, striking them with swords . . . others they beheaded . . . or split their heads to pieces. . . .The blood of the warriors flowed like water and gathered into pools. . . .They invaded every room, hunting and killing. Aztec Account of the Massacre at the Temple (from the Florentine Codex), May 1520 4.19. Which of the following did not contribute to the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs? (A) The Aztecs were a peaceful civilization. (B) The Aztecs were not yet immune to diseases that the Spaniards carried. (C) The Spaniards had made several alliances with the enemies of the Aztecs. (D) The Spaniards had superior weaponry and armor.

(A) The Aztecs were a peaceful civilization.

Which of the following provided significant challenges to state consolidation and expansion during the period from 1450 to 1750? (A) competition over trade routes, state rivalries, and local resistance (B) lack of refueling stations for large ocean-going vessels (C) lack of understanding of the monsoon winds (D) religious differences among various trading networks and peoples.

(A) competition over trade routes, state rivalries, and local resistance

In the period from 1450 to 1750, which of the following factors contributed most directly to the spread and reform of existing religions and creation of syncretic belief systems? (A) the increase in interactions and connections between and within the hemispheres (B) the blending of Islam and Christianity and rise of trade, which brought the two faiths together (C) as Buddhism declined in East Asia, the spread of Christianity and Hinduism to the region by merchants (D) Belief systems did not undergo reforms or changes during this time period.

(A) the increase in interactions and connections between and within the hemispheres.

The Supreme Being who is at once the sovereign arbiter of the destinies of men and the source of all light and knowledge, declares in the Qur'an that the true faith is that of the Muslims, and that whoever professes another religion, far from being hearkened to and saved, will on the contrary be cast out among the rejected on the great day of the Last Judgment; . . . Place yourself, O Prince, among the true believers, those who walk in the path of salvation, and who turn aside with care from vice and infidelity. May the purest and holiest blessings be upon Muhammad, the master of the two worlds, the prince of prophets, as well as upon his descendants and all who follow his Law! . . . Animated by this [religious decree], conforming to the Qur'an, the code of divine laws, and wishing on one side to strengthen Islam, on the other to liberate the lands and peoples who writhe under your yoke, we have resolved to lay aside our imperial robes in order to put on the shell and coat of mail, to raise our ever victorious banner, to assemble our invincible armies, to take up the gauntlet of the avenger, to march with our soldiers, whose sword strikes mortal blows. . . . In pursuit of this noble resolution, we have entered upon the campaign, . . . we come, before commencing war, to set out before you the words of the Qur'an, in place of the sword, and to exhort you to embrace the true faith; this is why we address this letter to you . . . Letter from Ottoman Ruler Selim I to Safavid Leader Ismail I 4.35. The interactions described in the passage are best understood in which of the following contexts? (A) The Ottoman ruler Selim I welcomes Safavid ruler Ismail I and asks him to join the campaign. (B) The Ottoman ruler Selim I accuses the Shi'ite Safavids of heresy and is preparing for battle. (C) The Ottoman ruler Selim I attemps to expand his territory because of trade violations by the Safavids. (D) The Ottoman ruler Selim I requests an alliance with Ismail I as a fellow Muslim to battle the Mughals.

(B) The Ottoman ruler Selim I accuses the Shi'ite Safavids of heresy and is preparing for battle.

Which of the following enabled the Manchu, Mughal, Ottoman, and Russian empires to expand dramatically in size? (A) the relatively weak West (B) armed trade, gunpowder, and cannons (C) the power vacuum created by religious wars in Europe (D) the Pax Mongolica

(B) armed trade, gunpowder, and cannons

The new trading-post empires established in the period from 1450 to 1750 in Africa and Asia were profitable for the Europeans but had an adverse effect on the power of which states? (A) on India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka (B) on interior states in West and Central Africa (C) on India, Cambodia, and Melaka (D) on East African states, India, and Japan

(B) on interior states in West and Central Africa

Fra Bartolomé de las Casas __________. (A) argued in favor of the mita (B) supported peaceful conversion of the native American population to Christianity (C) worked closely with Hernán Cortés to establish the administrative structure of New Spain (D) established Christian missions in California

(B) supported peaceful conversion of the native American population to Christianity

What was the outcome to the controversy depicted in the image and passage? (A) the divorce and remarriage of Henry VIII (B) the Protestant Reformation and the creation of syncretic belief systems and practices (C) the spread of ideas across Europe via the printing press (D) the end of interpretation of the bible by the clergy

(B) the Protestant Reformation and the creation of syncretic belief systems and practices

The increased demand for slaves in the Americas was a direct result of which of the following? (A) warring kingdoms in Africa that provided more captives to slave traders (B) the growth of the plantation economy (C) the European expansion across the plains (D) improvements in shipping and maritime technology

(B) the growth of the plantation economy

Commercialization and the creation of a global economy in the period from 1450 to 1750 were closely connected to which of the following? (A) the rise of slavery across Africa (B) the new global circulation of silver from the Americas (C) the discovery of gold in California (D) the increase in trade across the Silk Road because of the Pax Mongolica

(B) the new global circulation of silver from the Americas

What role did the variants of Islam play in the interactions between the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid empires? (A) The Ottomans welcomed the Safavids and Mughals to join their empire and to promote Islam throughout the Eastern Hemisphere. (B) The Mughals and the Ottomans were allies and joined in campaigns against the Safavids. (C) The Ottomans and Safavids engaged in frequent warfare because of the divisive competition between Muslim sects. (D) The Mughals, Ottomans, and Safavids recognized the sovereignty of each empire and did not attempt to encroach on each other's territory.

(C) The Ottomans and Safavids engaged in frequent warfare because of the divisive competition between Muslim sects.

In contrast to the expansion of the Ottoman and Safavid empires, the Mughals, in the period from 1450 to 1750, __________. (A) were a maritime empire that conquered islands in the Indian Ocean (B) became allies with the Chinese and held off the Safavid (C) did not launch conquests nor expand out of religious fervor (D) were a peaceful people who converted to Buddhism under Ashoka

(C) did not launch conquests nor expand out of religious fervor

What concept supported the ruler's power? (A) the mandate of kings (B) strict succession policies (C) divine right (D) the right of sultans

(C) divine right

All of the following factors except one caused peasant labor to intensify in many areas during the period from 1450 to 1750. Which one? (A) the increase in cotton textile production in India (B) the increase in silk textile production in China (C) the increase in the flow of silver from the Americas (D) the development of frontier settlements in Russian Siberia

(C) the increase in the flow of silver from the Americas

Why did rulers continue to use monumental architecture during the period from 1450 to 1750? (A) to celebrate their coronations (B) to create a gathering places for worship (C) to legitimize their rule (D) to provide jobs for the masses

(C) to legitimize their rule

The reign of which European monarch coincided with the rule of Akbar over the Mughal dominion in the Indian subcontinent? (A) Charles V of France (B) Gustav I of Sweden (C) James I of England (D) Philip II of Spain

(D) Philip II of Spain

Where did the movement of goods, wealth, and free and unfree laborers, and the mixing of African, American, and European cultures and peoples take place? (A) during the Middle Passage (B) on the Indian Ocean and in the South Seas (C) in and around the Pacific (D) across the Atlantic

(D) across the Atlantic

Colonial economies in the Americas depended on a range of coerced labor systems such as __________. (A) chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and tributary states (B) the mita system, serfdom, and chattel slavery (C) serfdom, the encomienda and hacienda systems, and indentured servitude (D) indentured servitude, encomienda and hacienda systems, and chattel slavery

(D) indentured servitude, encomienda and hacienda systems, and chattel slavery

A historian could best explain the arguments made in the passage regarding the pope and the clergy in the context of Protestant claims that the Catholic Church A had not adequately supported earlier Crusades against Muslims in the Holy Land B had become corrupted by power C had become too heavily influenced by Renaissance Humanism D had failed to convert Muslims living in Europe to Christianity

B had become corrupted by power

What was a direct result of the use of gunpowder, canons, and armed trade by the Ottoman and Mughal empires? (A) The Ottomans became land locked while the Mughals enjoyed new status. (B) Their land empires expanded dramatically in size. 123 Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2011, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. (C) They had to create new economic systems . (D) Their burgeoning economies resulted in religious disharmony.

B) Their land empires expanded dramatically in size.

Which change in agriculture in China during the Qing Dynasty occurred at the time that many peasants became wage earners in silk workshops?

B. A growing population led to a shortage of land for peasants to work

A historian could use this passage as evidence to support the interpretation that in the late 16th century, Japan was

B. decentralizing political power

Which of the following motivations most likely explains the depiction of the emperor and empress in the mosaic? A A desire to highlight imperial subordination to the Christian church B A desire to demonstrate the rulers' renunciation of wealth C A desire to use the Christian church to legitimize imperial rule D A desire to illustrate the rulers' sponsorship of the trade in luxury goods

C A desire to use the Christian church to legitimize imperial rule

The recruitment depicted in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 ? A Attempts by imperial states to expand their economic power B Attempts by imperial states to prevent religious conflict C Attempts by imperial states to centralize their authority D Attempts by imperial states to control population growth

C Attempts by imperial states to centralize their authority

Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century? A In both empires the majority of the people were Muslims. B Both empires had powerful navies that engaged European navies. C Both empires expanded through the use of gunpowder weapons and extensive bureaucracies. D Both empires gave little monetary support to artistic and cultural endeavors.

C Both empires expanded through the use of gunpowder weapons and extensive bureaucracies.

Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and the Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century? A In each, the majority of the people were Muslims. B Each had a powerful navy that engaged European navies. C Each had developed an efficient administrative structure. D Each enjoyed peaceful relations with its neighboring states. E Each gave little monetary support to artistic and cultural endeavors.

C Each had developed an efficient administrative structure.

Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? A The Ottoman Empire successfully pursued mercantilist economic policies. B Ottoman citizens unified by their recent conversion to Islam were strongly motivated to conquer. C Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals. D The decentralized federalism of the Ottoman Empire encouraged competition and technological innovation.

C Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals.

Which of the following best explains the similarities between the choices of subject matter of the two reliefs? A Cross-cultural interaction often resulted in the diffusion of artistic styles. B Coerced labor systems enabled rulers to build ever grander political and religious structures. C Monumental art was used to legitimize political power in most societies. D Technological exchanges and the migration of skilled artisans led to the emergence of syncretic art.

C Monumental art was used to legitimize political power in most societies.

Which of the following contributed the most to the Ottoman Empire's successful expansion in Europe and the Middle East in the period from 1450 to 1600 ? A The Ottomans' use of revenues from transoceanic trade to build a powerful army B The Ottomans' use of nomadic tribes as cavalry troops C The Ottomans' adoption of the latest gunpowder and artillery technology D The Ottomans' exploitation of Muslim desire to avenge the crusades

C The Ottomans' adoption of the latest gunpowder and artillery technology

Which of the following factors contributed most to Manchu expansion in Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? A The development of large trading companies B The adoption of Buddhist beliefs C The military alliances with western European states D The use of cannons and gunpowder

D The use of cannons and gunpowder

Which of the following was the most likely purpose of the portraits of the emperor? A To demonstrate the Mughal Empire's conversion to Islam B To honor the continued influence of Hellenistic art forms in India C To represent the Mughal belief in the emperor's divinity D To glorify his rule through the sponsorship of artworks

D To glorify his rule through the sponsorship of artworks

Which of the following world history processes was most responsible for the eighteenth-century cityscape of St. Petersburg, Russia, shown above? A Disease diffusion B World climate changes C Westernization D Democratization E Isolation

C Westernization

Which of the following empires in the period 1450-1750 engaged in a type of territorial expansion most similar to that depicted in Map 1 ? A The Spanish Empire B The Portuguese Empire C The British Empire D The Mughal Empire

D The Mughal Empire

The pope has neither the will nor the power to remit any penalties beyond those imposed either at his own discretion or by canon law. 6. The pope himself cannot remit guilt, buy only declare and confirm that it has been remitted by God. 21. Hence those who preach indulgences are in error when they say that a man is absolved and saved from every penalty by the pope's indulgences. 27. There is no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of purgatory immediately the money chinds in the bottom ofthe chest. 36. Any Christian whatsoever, who is truly repentant,enjoys plenary remission from penalty and guilt, and this is given to him by God without letters of indulgence. 62. The true treasure of the Church is the Holy Gospel of the glory and the grace of God. Six Theses, or Propositions, from Martin Luther's 95 Theses, 1517 4.28. What is the central subject of the image and passage? (A) the Catholic Reformation (B) the conflict between the Eastern and Western branches of the Catholic Church (C) the remission of sins for joining the Crusades (D) the sale of indulgences

(D) the sale of indulgences

Which of the following was a method rulers in Eurasia used to legitimize and consolidate their power during the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.? A Developing professional militaries B Promoting free trade C Adopting the religious practices of minority groups D Enacting reforms to decrease economic and social inequalities

A Developing professional militaries

"The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself are called gods. In the Scriptures kings are called gods, and so their power after a certain relation compared to the divine power." King James I, speech to Parliament, England, 1610 The passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following? A European monarchs' continued use of religion to legitimize political authority B The influence of Islamic political thought on Europe after the Crusades C The establishment of theocracies throughout Eurasia D The differential treatment of Protestants and Catholics in England

A European monarchs' continued use of religion to legitimize political authority

Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1450-1750 ? A It led to deepening rivalries and conflicts as states' military capabilities grew. B It led to the emergence of new religious disputes over theological interpretations. C It led to the establishment of pan-Eurasian nomadic empires, such as the Mongol Empire. D It led to the adoption of feudal systems of government, as monarchs could not prevent the rising power of military aristocracies.

A It led to deepening rivalries and conflicts as states' military capabilities grew.

Which of the following are the states that dominated the Mediterranean trade during the sixteenth century? A Italian city-states and the Ottoman Empire B The Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire C Spain and Portugal D The Hapsburg Empire and France E The Crusader states

A Italian city-states and the Ottoman Empire

Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450 and 1750? A Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and western Europe B Its success in creating alliances with European powers to expel Turkish invaders from the south C The eradication of Islam from Central Asia D The fall of the kingdoms of Poland and Prussia E The use of its strong navy to acquire colonial holdings worldwide

A Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and western Europe

The following questions refer to the passage below. "I, the reverend Buddhist teacher Dharmasekhara, dedicated this statue of the bodhisattva Amoghapasa* on the orders of His Majesty King Adityawarman, for the benefit and salvation and happiness of all creatures. Hail to the King—experienced in the arts of war, well versed in the science, he is an ocean of all virtues practiced by the followers of the Buddha! He is free from all physical desire. Hail to the King—he who supports the entire world. He has collected jewels by the millions, taken them from the hands of his enemies among the other rulers of this world. He who is like God among kings, crowned, protected by heavenly beings, King of kings! He orders what should be known to all!" Sanskrit inscription on a statue of a bodhisattva produced in the Malayapura kingdom, Sumatra, Indonesia, circa 1350 C.E. *a major figure worshipped in Mahayana Buddhism The placement of the inscription on a bodhisattva statue can best be seen as evidence of which of the following long-term continuities in world history? A Political elites sought to legitimize their power by claiming it was divinely ordained. B Imperial societies relied on a range of methods to maintain the economic status of elite groups. C The production of luxury goods was subject to government regulations in most states. D Local artistic forms and styles persisted despite expanding cross-cultural contacts.

A Political elites sought to legitimize their power by claiming it was divinely ordained.

Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following factors contributed most directly to the Mughal Empire's territorial expansion in South Asia? A The Mughals' adoption and effective use of gunpowder weapons B The Mughals' adoption of Sikhism C The Mughals' friendly relations with neighboring states, such as the Safavid Empire and Tibet D The Mughal emperors' claims that they were directly descended from Genghis Khan

A The Mughals' adoption and effective use of gunpowder weapons

The Ottoman Empire's recruitment of soldiers and bureaucrats through the system depicted in the image is most similar to which broader method that rulers used to strengthen their empires in the period 1450-1750 ? A The collection of tribute B Establishment of religious uniformity C Abolition of feudal privileges D The granting of autonomy to minority groups

A The collection of tribute

Which is the most likely reason that rulers during the seventeenth century built elaborate palaces such as the one at Versailles, France, shown above? A To demonstrate their wealth and power B To provide jobs for artists, architects, and builders C To create fortresses as a defense against invading armies D To glorify and demonstrate the power of the official state religion

A To demonstrate their wealth and power

From 1400 to 1750, Eurasian rulers sponsored the arts primarily for which of the following reasons? A To display power and legitimize their rule B To spend excess money collected in taxes C To encourage tourism and pilgrimages D To increase employment opportunities for struggling artists

A To display power and legitimize their rule

After the Jesuits impressed the Chinese court with their scientific knowledge, Emperor Kangxi treated these missionaries with

A. Great tolerance and allowed conversion to Christianity

Which of the following was a major change in global patterns of religious beliefs and practices in the period 1450-1750 C.E.? A The emergence of syncretic religions led to an increase in polytheism. B Adherents of monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam increased both in number and in geographic scope as a result of conquest, trade, and missionary activities. C Intellectual movements such as the European Enlightenment weakened the authority of established religions and led to the growing popularity of atheism worldwide. D Messianic, revivalist, and fundamentalist movements came to dominate the indigenous religious traditions in Africa, Asia, and the Americas in response to Western imperialism.

B Adherents of monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam increased both in number and in geographic scope as a result of conquest, trade, and missionary activities.

A historian would most likely use the image in Source 1 as support for which of the following assertions? A Mughal rule in India was generally supported by practitioners of Hinduism. B Mughal rulers were interested in portraying themselves as champions of religious harmony. C Mughal subjects resisted converting to Islam, despite the many benefits that doing so would confer. D Mughal art rejected realism and focused on allegorical and symbolic depictions of reality.

B Mughal rulers were interested in portraying themselves as champions of religious harmony.

"It is most evident that kings, queens, and other princes . . . are ordained of God, are to be obeyed and honored by their subjects; that such subjects as are disobedient or rebellious against their princes, disobey God." An Homily Against Disobedience and Willful Rebellion, Church of England, 1570 What could most reasonably be concluded from the sermon above? A The clergy generally appointed kings, queens, and princes. B Rulers often used religious ideas and institutions to justify their rule. C Rulers were most often chosen from members of the clergy. D The clergy believed in the separation of church and state.

B Rulers often used religious ideas and institutions to justify their rule.

Which of the following about Afro-Eurasian trade is supported by the map above? A The states of the Middle East did not participate in the Indian Ocean trading system. B The Ottoman Empire was located at the intersections of major trading routes. C The Delhi Sultanate relied primarily on sea routes to participate in the silk trade across Asia. D The Islamic states of West Africa maintained close commercial ties with eastern Europe.

B The Ottoman Empire was located at the intersections of major trading routes.

The changes depicted in Map 1 were mostly a result of which of the following? A The Ottoman alliance with France against rival Christian powers B The decline of surrounding empires and the Ottoman Empire's use of gunpowder weapons C The Ottoman Empire's unrivaled naval superiority in the Mediterranean D The power vacuum left by the collapse of the Umayyad caliphate

B The decline of surrounding empires and the Ottoman Empire's use of gunpowder weapons

"All the world knows that since the first days of the Ottoman state, the lofty principles of the Qur'an and the rules of the Shari'a were always perfectly preserved. Our mighty sultanate reached the highest degree of strength and power, and all its subjects reached the highest degree of ease and prosperity. But in the last one hundred and fifty years, because of a succession of difficult and diverse causes, the sacred Shari'a was not obeyed nor were the beneficent regulations followed; consequently, the empire's former strength and prosperity have changed into weakness and poverty. It is evident that countries not governed by the Shari'a cannot survive. . . . Full of confidence in the help of the God, and certain of the support of our Prophet, we deem it necessary and important from now on to introduce new legislation in order to achieve effective administration of the Ottoman government and provinces." Mustafa Reshid Pasha, Ottoman Foreign Minister, imperial decree announcing the Tanzimat reforms, 1839 The decree best represents which of the following continuities in Ottoman government? A The tradition of parliamentary government B The influence of Enlightenment ideas C The use of Islam to legitimize government policies D The tradition of separation of church and state

C The use of Islam to legitimize government policies

Between 1450 and 1750, empires such as the Ottoman and Chinese shared which of the following? A Dependence on trade as the main basis for the economy B An elite fighting force made up primarily of slaves C The use of a large bureaucracy to support the government D Continual military campaigns against European armies

C The use of a large bureaucracy to support the government

A historian interpreting the passage would most likely explain that the audience of the sermon is an illustration of the fact that A papal alliances with the Holy Roman emperors led to widespread religious persecutions in Germany B the Protestant German nobility was wary of confronting the Ottomans without Catholic support C political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community D the Protestant German nobility adopted pacifist attitudes during religious disputes with their Catholic and Muslim opponents

C political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community

The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT A the Safavid Empire B the Qing (Manchu) Empire C the Aztec (Mexica) Empire D the Ottoman Empire

C the Aztec (Mexica) Empire

The image most clearly provides evidence that, in common with other rulers of the period, the Aztec emperors A tried to convert other peoples to their religion B were engaged in frequent conflicts with rival empires C used religious symbolism and rituals to legitimize their rule D encouraged the scientific study of the natural world

C used religious symbolism and rituals to legitimize their rule

The picture shows women in a silk workshop during China's Qing Dynasty. How would such jobs most likely have affected the status and rights of women at that time?

C. Women had a low status and few rights, and the work kept them oppressed because they recieved no wages

The policies of Hideyoshi, like those of peter the great in russia and louix XIV in France, were designed to

C. centralize governmental power and control the upper class

Which of the following is a similarity between the Ottoman and Chinese governments during the period 1450—1750 ? A The dominance of the imperial government by a landed aristocracy B The creation of overseas colonial holdings C Heavy reliance on overseas trade for government revenues D An extensive governmental bureaucracy

D An extensive governmental bureaucracy

Which of the following is true of both the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire between 1450 and 1750 ? A The rulers of both believed in strictly separating secular and religious concerns. B The top administrators in both empires were chosen by a system of competitive examinations. C Christianity was prohibited in both empires. D Both empires were established by skilled warriors on horseback who came originally from Central Asia. E Both empires experienced a drastic decline in population after 1500 owing to the spread of diseases brought as a result of contact with Europeans.

D Both empires were established by skilled warriors on horseback who came originally from Central Asia.

The photograph above of a sixteenth-century Mughal mosque in India built by Akbar is an example of which of the following? A Emergence of capitalist economies B Expansion of coercive labor systems C Creation of a global trade network D Cultural syncretism

D Cultural syncretism

Source 2 indicates that all of the following were likely factors contributing to Sikhism's popularity in India EXCEPT: A It offered a set of religious beliefs that combined elements of both Hinduism and Islam. B It advocated a direct and personal approach to God that paralleled Islamic beliefs. C It appealed to members of the lower socioeconomic strata by rejecting the rigid social hierarchy of Hinduism. D It offered a set of principles around which all Indians could rally in resisting British imperial encroachment

D It offered a set of principles around which all Indians could rally in resisting British imperial encroachment

The object in Image 1 best illustrates which of the following continuities in world history? A The power of traditional elites was continuously challenged by the emerging power of new elites. B The power of states was based on the ability of rulers to monopolize the use of violence. C Artists depended on royal patronage for their livelihoods. D Rulers used religious imagery to legitimize their political authority.

D Rulers used religious imagery to legitimize their political authority.

The inclusion of the image in the manuscript best illustrates which of the following features of the period 1450-1750 ? A Rulers using art as a way to communicate with their illiterate subjects B Rulers using art to expand their territories C Rulers using art as a way to increase literacy D Rulers using art to legitimize their rule

D Rulers using art to legitimize their rule

Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image? A States increasingly relied on slave soldiers to establish large empires. B The invention of the stirrup allowed expanding states to use cavalry more effectively. C The development of new types of armor reduced casualties and allowed states to expand faster than before. D States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.

D States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.

"To the count of Katzenellenbogen, Ziegenhain, and Nidda, my gracious lord. Pope Leo X, in the bull in which he put me under the ban, condemned my statement that 'to fight against the Turk is the same thing as resisting God, who visits our sin upon us with this rod.' I still confess freely that this statement is mine. The popes and bishops called for war against the Turks in the name of Christ. Yet because Christ taught that Christians shall not resist evil with violence or take revenge, it is against His name. In how many wars against the Turks have the bishops and clergy prevented Christians from enduring heavy losses? Indeed, the king of Hungary and his bishops were beaten by the Turks at Varna* and more recently a German army would perhaps have fought with more success, if it had not contained priests. If I were an emperor, a king, or a prince in a campaign against the Turks, I would encourage my bishops and priests to stay at home and mind the duties of their office, praying, fasting, saying mass, preaching, and caring for the poor, as not only Holy Scripture, but their own canon law teaches and requires. To this I say Amen, Amen." *a reference to a failed Christian Crusade launched against the Ottoman Turks in 1444 Martin Luther, German theologian, sermon addressed to a German prince, 1528 A historian interpreting the views expressed in the passage would likely explain that those views were most strongly influenced by Protestant desires to A promote religious war against fellow Christians B encourage the creation of a united German state free of papal influence C demonstrate that an individual's destiny was predetermined by God D reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings

D reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings

What new technology allowed Hideyoshi and other shoguns to enforce such edicts over powerful daimyo landowners?

D. gunpowder and muskets

What was one cause of the rise of the silk workshops in china during the Qing Dynasty?

D. increased peasant wages as a result of increasing land ownership