Module 4 OS and Files Management

pointing device

A hardware device that lets you interact with your computer by controlling the movement of the mouse pointer on your computer screen; examples include a mouse, trackball, touchpad, pointing stick, onscreen touch pointer, a tablet, or for touch-enabled devices, your hand or finger.

menu

A list of related items, including folders, applications, and commands.

folder

A named location on a storage medium that usually contains related documents.

operating system (OS)

A program that manages the complete operation of your computer or mobile device and lets you interact with it.

window

A rectangular-shaped work area that displays an app or a collection of files, folders, and Windows tools.

flash memory

A type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten

personal computer (PC) operating system

Computers designed for personal use, as opposed to commercial or industrial use.

memory

Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data into information

executable file

Contains the instructions your computer or device needs to run programs and apps

(T/F) A data file contains the instructions your computer or device needs to run programs and apps.

False

(T/F) A file saved in a standard file format can only be opened by the application that created it.

False

mobile operating system

Has features similar to those of a desktop operating system, but is focused on the needs of a mobile user and the capabilities of the device

Windows Server

Microsoft server operating system that includes advanced security tools and a set of programs called Internet Information Services that manage web apps and services

UNIX

Multitasking operating system with many versions, as the code is licensed to different developers

server OS

Multiuser operating system because it controls a single, centralized server computer that supports many users on networked computers

Maximize button

On the right side of a window's title bar, the center button of three buttons; used to expand a window so that it fills the entire screen.

Minimize button

On the right side of a window's title bar, the leftmost button of three buttons; use to reduce a window so that it only appears as an icon on the taskbar.

open source

Programs and apps (including operating systems) that have no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution; users can add functionality and sell or give away their versions to others

macOS Server

Server operating system that supports all sizes of networks and servers; lets authorized users access servers using their iPhones or other Apple devices

virtualization

The practice of sharing computing resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network

system software

The software that runs a computer, including the operating system.

RAM (random access memory)

The storage location that is part of every computer and that temporarily stores open apps and document data while a computer is on.

bootstrap program

a built-in startup program that executes a series of tests to check components, including their RAM, keyboard, and storage, and identifies connected devices and checks their settings

cache

a holding area where your browser keeps a copy of each webpage you view. This temporary storage area helps speed up processing time

The ______ window is the window you are currently using, which appears in front of any other open windows.

active

To close a window in Windows 10, you can _____.

right-click its button on the taskbar, then click Close window; click the Close button in the upper-right corner of the window; click the Close button in the window's thumbnail on the taskbar

folder window

A File Explorer window that displays the contents of a folder, drive, or device.

Settings app

A Windows 10 app containing nine touch-friendly categories of the most commonly used Windows settings; more advanced settings are found in the Control Panel desktop app.

file

A collection of information stored on your computer, such as a text document, spreadsheet, photo, and song.

graphical user interface (GUI)

A collective term for all the ways you interact with the device; a GUI controls how you interact with menus, programs and apps, and visual images such as icons by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons and other objects to issue commands

Shortcut menu

A list of frequently used commands that relate to an object, typically displayed by right-clicking; the commands on a shortcut menu are related to the item you right-clicked.

icon

A small picture that represents a program, file, or hardware device

Clipboard

A temporary storage area for items that are cut or copied

file extension

A three- or four-letter sequence, preceded by a period, at the end of a filename that identifies the file as a particular type of document, such as .docx or .xlsx.

Dialog boxs

A window with controls that lets you tell Windows how you want to complete an application program's command.

web server

An Internet computer that stores webpages.

web app

An app stored on an Internet server that can be run entirely in a web browser.

desktop operating system

An operating system installed on a single computer

desktop

An operating system screen that contains icons for programs and files, as well as toolbars, taskbars, menus, and buttons you can use to start programs and apps

input

Any data and instructions entered into the memory of a device.

gigabytes (GB)

Approximately 1 billion bytes of data.

utility

Apps or programs that enable you to perform maintenance-type tasks related to managing the computer or device

How are desktop and mobile operating systems similar?

Both feature a graphical user interface (GUI)

example of a computer system resource

CPU; laser printer; hard disk drive

Control panel

Collection of utility programs that determines how Windows appears and performs on your computer

virtual machine

Enables a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed

(T/F) In order to support file sharing, your PC must run a network operating system.

False

(T/F) Navigating folders involves deleting and moving them.

False

user accounts

Identifies to Windows the resources, such as apps and storage locations, a user can access when working with the computer.

data file

In Computer Concepts, a file that contains words, numbers and pictures that you can manipulate. A spreadsheet, a database, a presentation, and a word processing document all are data files

tile

In PowerPoint, a button on a Power View navigation strip that is used to group data.

library

In Windows, a special folder that catalogs specific files and folders in a central location, regardless of where the items are actually stored on your device.

Close button

In a windows title bar, the rightmost button; close the open window, app, or document

output

Information processed into a useful form such as text, graphics, audio, video, or any combination of these

keyboard

Input device that contains not only characters such as letters, numbers, and punctuation, but also keys that can issue commands.

Shortcut

Link to a file, folder, or app that appears on the desktop

volatile memory

Memory that is temporary, and loses its contents when the power is turned off

You can place file and app icons on the desktop in which of the following operating systems?

Microsoft Windows; macOS, Linux

megabytes (MB)

Millions of bytes of data

iOS

Mobile device operating system that runs only on Apple devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod; derived from macOS

resources

On a computer system, the components required to perform work, such as the processor, RAM, storage space, and connected devices

program window

On a desktop or laptop computer, displays a running program

Restore Down button

On the right side of a maximized window's title bar, the center of three buttons that reduces a window to its last non-maximized size; in a restored window, this button changes to the Maximize button.

Android

Operating System developed by Google based on Linux, and designed to be run on many types of smartphones

nonvolatile memory

Permanent memory whose contents remain on the computer or device even when it is turned off

ROM (read-only memory)

Permanently installed memory on your computer attached to the motherboard. The ROM chip contains the BIOS, which tells your computer how to start.

spooling

Placing data into a buffer

disk cleanup utility

Program that finds and removes unnecessary files, such as temporary Internet files or files in the Recycle Bin, and frees up disk space by reorganizing data

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Software that is distributed online for a monthly subscription or an annual fee.

________ allows the OS to manage multiple print jobs.

Spooling

default settings

Standard settings that control how the screen is set up and how a document looks when you first start typing

virtual memory

The amount of information temporarily stored in a paging file.

kernel

The core of an operating system; memory, runs programs, and assigns resources

macOS

The operating system for Apple desktop and laptop computers; includes the Siri virtual assistant, coordination with Apple mobile devices, and cloud file storage

Windows

The operating systems for Microsoft machines; supports the Cortana virtual assistant, touchscreen input, HoloLens headsets, and built-in apps such as the Microsoft Edge browser

file format

The organization and layout of data in a file

platform

The software, or operating system, a device uses.

active window

The window you are currently using; if multiple windows are open, the window with the darker title bar.

kilobytes (KB)

Thousands of bytes of data

(T/F) An executable file contains the instructions your computer or device needs to run programs and apps.

True

(T/F) An operating system is a program that manages the complete operation of your computer or mobile device and lets you interact with it.

True

(T/F) The Windows 10 Snap feature lets you quickly maximize a window's height.

True

CAPS LOCK is a toggle key.

True

The kernel is the core of an operating system.

True

The operating system manages interactions between hardware and software.

True

When you open the file manager you have access to frequently or recently opened files and folders, favorite files and folders, and the main folders on your computer or device.

True

Linux

UNIX-based operating system for desktop computers, laptops, and some tablets; distributed under the terms of a General Public License (GPL), which allows you to copy the OS for your own use, to give to others, or to sell

Chrome OS

a Linux-based operating system designed to work primarily with web apps

cloud

a storage place on the internet, rather then your computer

A data file is one that _____.

a user can work with or manipulate

buffer

an area of memory that stores data and information waiting to be sent to an input or output device

Uninstaller utility software removes __________________.

applications; programs

File compression is useful for _____.

emailing a large file; creating an archive of older documents; saving storage space on a drive

orders, moves or navigates between folders

file explorers is used for

The root directory is the main list of _______.

files and folders on the drive

button

icons you click to execute commands you need to work with an office app

A disk utility is a tool for _____.

improving performance

In a filename, the base name is the _____.

label the user assigns

Which of the following units measure millions of bytes of data?

megabytes

closed source

programs that keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling them to control and profit from the program they create

administrator account

provides full access to the computer; additional responsibilities associated with an administrator account include installing programs and apps, adjusting security, and managing network access

Which method rearranges all open windows in Microsoft Windows?

right-clicking the taskbar, and then clicking Cascade windows

boot process

triggers a series of steps and checks as the computer loads the operating system

The two categories of system software are _______.

utilities and operating systems`