Module 54
psychoanalysis; client-centered therapy
Free association, dream interpretation, and transference are to _____ as unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding are to _____.
classical conditioning
O. H. Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed-wetting by arranging for an alarm to sound each time they wet their beds. This technique best illustrates a therapeutic application of:
Beck's cognitive therapy.
Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of:
interpreting the meaning of clients' resistance to therapeutic procedures.
Psychoanalysts are especially interested in:
cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Roxanne suffers from bulimia. At the clinic for eating disorders, her therapist believes in utilizing only empirically supported treatments such as:
biomedical therapy
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are likely to be treated with ________________, which acts directly on the patient's nervous system.
psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. (2) Freud's therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders; Freud believed that the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences--and the therapist's interpretations of them--released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
cognitive therapy.
The goal of stress inoculation training is to reduce incapacitating anxiety by encouraging people to say positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates a form of:
emphasizes people's inherent potential for self-fulfillment.
The humanistic perspective in psychology emphasizes:
1950s
The introduction of therapeutic drugs and community-based treatment programs in the ___________ helped to empty large psychiatric hospitals as well as mark an era of improved treatments.
behavior modification
This therapy is empirically supported for treating bed-wetting.
modify clients' self-defeating thoughts and their maladaptive behaviors.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is designed to
active listening
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies; a feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy
unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth (also called person-centered therapy)
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
aversive conditioning
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
systematic desensitization
a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli; commonly used to treat phobias
insight therapies
a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses
virtual reality exposure therapy
an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
eclectic approach
an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy
token economy
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange their tokens for various privileges or treats
counterconditioning
behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
exposure therapies
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid
interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
biomedical therapy
prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology
group therapy
therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction
psychodynamic therapy
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight
behavior therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
cognitive therapy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
family therapy
therapy that treats the family as a system; views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members
psychotherapy
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
encourages clients to improve their social skills.
A useful feature of group therapy is that it:
decatastrophize thinking.
By examining the actual consequences associated with anxiety-provoking situations, cognitive therapy patients usually find that the consequences are not as bad as they had imagined. This most directly helps to
