Module 6 BCOR 320
True or false: Disability insurance covers long-term, short-term, permanent, or temporary disabilities.
True
Because the United States ratified this treaty, the CISG supersedes the conflicting provisions of the __________.
UCC
_____________ is a system established by state and federal statutes that provides compensation to eligible employees who lose their jobs.
Unemployment insurance
_________ occurs when the host country mandates that at least partial ownership of the foreign company be sold to local citizens or companies
Domestication
Which of the following are necessary elements to prove malpractice?
Duty Damages
The ____ is responsible for selecting the appropriate sites and kinds of waste that can be dumped by United States companies into the ocean.
EPA
The ____ is the federal agency that administers the federal pollution laws that cover businesses.
EPA
The _____ is a federal statute designed to provide executives of American companies with rules and restrictions relating to paying persons in foreign countries to expedite business.
FCPA
Which agency is responsible for overseeing and ensuring truthfulness in advertising?
FTC
Which of the following is a breach of the established standards for the accounting profession?
Failing to file appropriate and timely tax returns
Nurses cannot be held liable for negligence because they work under the supervision of physicians.
False
True or false: Excess noise is not a type of pollution.
False
True or false: Medicare is not available to individuals who are younger than 65 years of age.
False
True or false: Paramedics are always allowed to honor advance directives.
False
True or false: Salary information is not a part of most employee handbooks.
False
True or false: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act allows U.S. companies to bribe foreign government officials to retain or obtain business if bribery is legal in that country.
False
_____ refers to all the rules and regulations that govern the relationships between patients, doctors, and other medical professionals.
Health care law
Which of the following are typically contained in an employee handbook?
Hiring procedures History of the firm Hours of employment
_____________ can implement the health care instructions stated in the advance directive.
Hospital physicians
The World Bank works closely with the _______ to make sure that developing countries have access to funds to stimulate their economies.
IMF
The ____ was formed to maintain a stable economic environment for its members by providing protection against large fluctuations in the value of one currency over another
IMF
If the ____________ discovers a large company has purposefully misclassified an employee as an independent contractor, the company can be fined millions of dollars.
IRS
Which of the following are reasons why there is a need for international law?
Increasing international tourism Globalization of the marketplace
To make sure that the federal government does not contribute with the destruction of the environment, Congress passed _____
NEPA
What is the federal agency responsible for the safety of cars sold in the United States?
NHTSA
The ________ is the federal agency responsible for administering laws relating to labor unions.
NLRB
_____________ organizations that regulate personal and commercial activity and facilitate international trade are included in the study of international law.
National International
All rights under the law that pertain to employees, unions, and employers are protected by the _________.
National Labor Relations Board
_____ is a tort that allows a plaintiff to bring a lawsuit against a defendant for causing personal injury or property damage.
Negligence
______ standards protect human health and life, under the Clean Air Act.
Primary
Which of the following is one way federal and state governments reduce unreasonable risk of injury associated with consumer products?
Providing safety information to the public
Following World War II, the world's nations organized a forum for peaceful negotiations and established the ________________.
United Nations
The _____ is a specialized agency of the United Nations with the power to administer treaties regarding international intellectual property rights.
WIPO
Before it can be approved, the EIS must provide responses to which of the following questions?
What short-term and long-term destruction of environmental resources will result from the project? What is the environmental impact of the project?
Which of the following is the determining factor in deciding the relationship between employer and agent?
What the individual does on the job
Which form of life insurance is relatively costly but includes a savings feature?
Whole life insurance
Formed in 1995, the _______________ is responsible for overseeing the implementation of all multinational trade agreements negotiated now and in the future.
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Engineers and architects, in general, must show their ___________ by passing tests related to their profession as well as showing that they have the appropriate education.
competence
When an employer asks a coworker for a date while giving an implicit promise of a benefit or a threat of reprisal, which is called _________.
coercion
Uninsured individuals who cannot afford to pay will almost certainly have their costly medical bills referred to a ____________.
collection agency
The doctrine of _________ holds that courts from one country should refrain from deciding cases involving acts of persons from other countries.
comity
Commercial insurance is very similar to __________ insurance.
community-based
The ____________ programs provided by Blue Cross and Blue Shield vary greatly in different communities based on state law.
community-based insurance
Stimulating the economies of _________ is one of the primary reasons why the World Bank was established.
developing countries
Title VII cases may be proven by ________________ when a plaintiff proves that an employer took specific action to discriminate.
direct evidence
Medicare is available to younger individuals who have _________.
disabilities
A type of coverage that is used to help supplement income when an employee cannot work due to illness or accident is called _____ insurance.
disability
The doctrine of comity is ____________ and courts decide whether to apply it based on the facts of each case.
discretionary
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is designed to protect individuals from illegal ______.
discrimination
The GATT rules ensure that there is no _______ of trade among those who have signed the agreement.
discrimination
Under the Civil Rights Act of 1991, an employee may recover damages for emotional distress associated with being the victim of _______.
discrimination
An example of malpractice is when an attorney _____________________.
does not interview witnesses for a criminal case
Tariffs may be imposed to help protect __________ industries and to facilitate the production of certain crops.
domestic
A ______________ for health care is a document that appoints an agent with authority to make health care decisions on behalf of the principal in the event that the principal becomes incompetent.
durable power of attorney
Matters addressed in the living will are often administered to by the agent, pursuant to their authority under a ______________.
durable power of attorney
Electronic scrap is sometimes called __________.
e-waste
Another term for a trade sanction is a(n) ___________.
embargo
A so-called cafeteria plan allows for a(n) _____ to pick from a group of benefits using a set amount of money earmarked for that purpose.
employee
Group life insurance covers the __________ in the event of loss of life.
employee's beneficiaries
When medical insurance coverage is provided by a(n) _________, it is called self-insurance.
employer
With self-insurance, the ________ undertakes the risk and pays medical expenses from its own funds.
employer
Workers' compensation statutes allow an employee to recover damages for injuries and illnesses without having to prove ___________.
employer negligence
A collective bargaining agreement is a negotiated contract between a(n) __________ and a(n) _________ that covers the terms and conditions of employment.
employer; labor union
This concept allows an employer to fire an employee for no reason at all:
employment at will doctrine.
The United States Supreme Court has ruled that, in most cases, arbitration clauses in employment contracts are ______________.
enforceable
As a response to OSHA standards, there is a developing science, called _________, that deals with designing workplaces in a way to promote safety and health.
ergonomics
The _______ is the official monetary currency of the European Union.
euro
Certain laws exist to shield medical professionals from malpractice claims during __________ circumstances.
extreme
If accounting professionals ___________, they will likely be held liable to their clients and/or third parties for losses.
fail to meet their professional standards
An insurance agent or broker can be charged with negligence if they ______________.
fail to recommend appropriate insurance
When a seller or maker of a product fails to advise buyers of inherent dangers in their products, it is called _______________.
failure to warn
Even if an employer's intentional conduct causes injury or illness to an employee, the employee still cannot sue the employer as they are covered under a workers' compensation statute.
false
True or false: An employee may only sue an employer for defamation if the false statement relates to the employee's job performance.
false
True or false: Blue Cross and Blue Shield are different terms for the same legal entity.
false
Under no circumstance can a person who is not currently disabled be protected under the ADA.
false
If an employer procures a _______ plan, it provides medical insurance coverage for an employee, their spouse, children, and other dependents.
family
Granting a promotion as a result of a relationship at work is considered _________, even if the relationship is consensual.
favoritism
Hiring unproductive workers is referred to as __________.
featherbedding
Medicare is a __________ program.
federal
The NEPA requires that before any project with significant _____ involvement begins, there must be an approved environmental impact statement.
federal
Under NEPA, significant federal involvement with a project may include ____________.
federal financing
When an employer with 25 or more employees offers traditional health insurance, the employer must offer the HMO plans that are ___________ to its employees.
federally certified
If a(n) ________________ gives advice to a client and the client suffers in reliance on that advice, he or she may be successfully sued for negligence.
financial planner
Under its Tobacco Control Act authority, the FDA has banned the production, distribution, and sale of ___________.
flavored cigarettes
Deforestation alters the distribution and circulation of water, which can lead to ______________.
flooding drought changes in ocean currents
The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Act was signed to promote cooperation between the U.S. courts and _____ in bankruptcy cases.
foreign courts
The FSIA established exceptions to the traditional doctrine of _________________.
foreign sovereign immunity
Most scientists believe global warming results from the increased burning of ____ fuels.
fossil
A plaintiff must prove _______ elements to be successful in proving the defendant's negligence in a product liability lawsuit.
four
Medicare is divided into how many parts?
4
The Age Discrimination and Employment Act protects workers who are over the age of ____.
40
The Family Medical Leave Act covers companies who have _____ or more employees.
50
Medicare pays for specified health care expenses for individuals who are ____ years or older.
65
In ________, several nations formed the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
1944
Citizens first insisted on strict environmental laws in the United States during the _____.
1960s
The National Environment Policy Act (NEPA) was passed in _____.
1970
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act was passed in the year _____.
1978
The Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in the year _____.
1990
The Master Settlement Agreement was enacted in _________.
1997
Currently, more than 1,000 chemicals are used in the preparation of more than _________ pesticides.
20,000
It is estimated that there are ______ pieces of space debris orbiting the planet.
20,000
It is estimated that it costs a pharmaceutical company ________ to have a drug approved by the FDA.
$700 million
_________ is a fault in the entire product line that creates a hazardous condition, which causes an injury.
Design defect
The release of chlorofluorocarbons from ________________ has damaged the ozone layer.
freon aerosol cans
The Clean Air Act was amended in 1990 to require that _______ sold in the United States be cleaner.
gasoline
Under many state laws, employers may not be held liable for defamation if the employer had a ______________ belief that the statements made were truthful.
good-faith
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2020 allowed individuals to access health insurance made affordable by:
government subsidies. tax credit.
The Environmental Protection Agency assists states and municipalities with _______.
grants technical advice
Burning fossil fuels and loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping carbon dioxide is called the ________.
greenhouse effect
If an employer's _________ or intentional behavior caused a job-related injury, the injured employee may sue the employer.
grossly negligent
An employee __________ is a manual published by an employer that contains the many policies of the firm.
handbook
Arbitration clauses in employment contracts are enforceable, provided the employee:
has a reasonable time to file a claim formally signed the contract had the right to be represented by an attorney
Attorneys _______ held liable to third parties when an attorney improperly planned an estate in such a way that higher taxes resulted from their malpractice.
have been
Malpractice of agents and brokers can occur with ______________ insurance.
health flood automobile
Health care law governs the legal relationships of ____________ to one another.
health care insurers
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2020 includes regulations of __________ to reduce costs of providing health care.
health care providers
A ___________ or HMO is a type of health insurance organization.
health maintenance organization
Employers often use cafeteria plans because of the __________ of workers benefit packages.
high cost
Noise pollution may result in all of the following, except __________.
higher real estate values
An employee who recovers damages through workers' compensation generally cannot file a lawsuit against ______.
his or her employer
Sexual harassment may affect an employee's job condition or create a _____ working environment.
hostile
The IRS test for whether a worker is an employee or independent contractor includes items such as:
how payment is made. who sets hours. who provides training.
Under HIPPA, medical information:
may only be used for certain purposes. may not be shared without the patient's permission.
Based on changes to the employment at will doctrine, employers may not terminate employees at will for ____________.
military service whistleblowing jury duty
Under the FCPA, bribes may include:
money. valuables. gifts.
Disability insurance benefits are usually provided on a(n) _________ basis, to allow the employee to maintain their standard of living.
monthly
Growing numbers of _________ businesses is one of the main reasons why international law is necessary.
multinational
Strict guidelines set forth by the HMO _______ be followed by medical professionals who are part of the HMO plan.
must
Foreign firms conducting business in the United States __________ with all of the regulations that govern American companies.
must comply
An agent or broker ________ to their client the difference between whole life insurance and term insurance.
must explain
Policymakers struggle with designing laws and regulations that protect ____________ without disturbing the natural ecological order.
natural resources
Courts have held that it should not be necessary for an injured person to prove _______ on the part of the manufacturer in a product liability lawsuit.
negligence
In law, professional malpractice is a specific type of ___________.
negligence
When a former employer withholds important information when giving a reference for their former employee, the prospective employer may sue the former employer for ________________.
negligent misrepresentation
As of today, there are ____ federal laws related to the disposal of e-waste products.
no
Pursuant to GATT, a country can be granted ____________ status by its neighbors in order to maintain an efficient and effective means of managing imports and exports.
normal trade relations
The areas hardest hit by acid rain are located in the ________________ portion of the United States.
northeast
In general, an employer is ______ responsible for torts committed by an independent contractor.
not
A product flaw is an abnormality or condition that was ___________.
not intended
Manufacturers have a legal duty to design products in a manner that is ____________.
not negligent
A lockout occurs when a collective bargaining agreement is ____________.
not reached
Blue Cross Blue Shield is an independent, _____ organization that provides medical insurance.
not-for-profit
The FCPA was amended with the intent to:
offset unfair advantages enjoyed by firms in other countries without such restraints.
International law ______ develops to address issues that emerge from international trade.
often
In some states, strict liability:
only applies to products that are inherently dangerous.
The standard of performance for an attorney is that of _______________.
other attorneys engaged in a similar practice
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 sets standards for _________________ an employee can earn.
overtime pay minimum wage
In the past, it was generally accepted that an accountant only had a responsibility to their _________.
own client
A firm might seek _________ patents for their product in each of the countries that maintain a patent system.
parallel
In general, physicians must have the informed consent of _____________ prior to rendering treatment.
patients
In addition to ________, a company that harms the environment may also be liable to third parties.
paying a fine
If an independent contractor is injured on the job, they can sue the _______________.
person they contracted with
When HMO coverage is combined with Blue Cross and Blue Shield insurance coverage, it is referred to as a ______________ plan.
point of service
The Clean Air Act of 1970 recognizes the fact that ________ sometimes extends into two or more states.
pollution
Under the tort of negligence, businesses that create _____________, which causes injuries to third parties or their property, may be held liable for those damages.
pollution
negligence
practice
A ______ nuisance affects the property or residence of an individual.
private
Patients and employers purchase commercial insurance from __________ companies.
private for-profit
Under the law, __________ may bring a lawsuit against a company that has polluted their area.
private individuals
All of the following areas of law impact health care, except __________.
probate law
Under the FSIA, a United States court may allow a lawsuit to _____ against a foreign sovereign nation.
proceed
Someone who performs highly specialized work that depends on special abilities, education, knowledge, and experience is called a(n) ________.
professional
While all parties can be sued for negligence, injured parties often target _________.
professionals
The focus of the USMCA is strictly on ___________ among the three countries.
promoting trade
The single payer system has been ____________ in several states.
proposed
Under the Clean Air Act, _____ standards are put in place to cover property, climate, aesthetic beauty, and vegetation.
secondary
A difference in wage between sexes is permissible if the disparity is based upon ________ in the company.
seniority
Protection against _________ associated with serious injury or illness is one reason why many individuals purchase medical insurance.
severe financial loss
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibits any employer from engaging in wage discrimination based on _______.
sex
One government source pays for and administers a(n) _____________.
single payer system
The oral form of defamation is called _____.
slander
A tariff is a form of _________ or other restriction on imports or exports.
tax
Under the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, women affected by pregnancy are classified in the same way as other employees who suffer from a(n) ________________.
temporary disability
All of the following are members of the USMCA, except ___________.
the European Union
In general, __________ may be found liable for products-related injuries caused by their products.
the entire distribution channel
Environmental regulation is a distinct area of _____.
the law
Courts have ruled that an injured party does not have to prove negligence on the part of a manufacturer in a product liability case because:
the manufacturer has an expertise in their area manufacturers can generally afford insurance
If an employer incorrectly believes that an employee has a covered disability, the employee is __________ from discriminatory practices on the basis of disability.
then protected
If a business illegally dumps waste material, the company can be held responsible for _____ times of the actual costs of the cleanup.
three
In general, an employee must have lost a job _________ to receive unemployment compensation.
through no fault of their own
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is divided in to parts, referred to as _________.
titles
Product defects that cause injury and property loss are often the result of negligence, called a __________.
tort
Under traditional _____ law, the injured party must show that their injuries were caused by the defendant's negligence.
tort
The relationship between the individual, their employer, and the insurance company is governed by all of the following, except _______________.
tort law
An independent contractor is one who contracts to do a job and who also maintains ____ control over the methods used to finish the job.
total
To help maintain a positive balance of ________, nations sometimes place restrictions on the numbers and kinds of products that are allowed to enter into their nation.
trade
Countries that enact laws prohibiting trade with specific countries are said to be using _____.
trade sanctions
An employee may sue a third party for causing their injury or illness, even if it occurred while the employee was on the job.
true
The EEOC has standing to sue companies that are alleged to be in violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
true
Third parties who were not patients or clients of the professional can also sue if they can show that they were injured as a direct result of a professional's negligence.
true
True or false: If an attorney does not exercise due care, he or she may be liable for any damages incurred by his or her client
true
True or false: Independent contractors are not covered by the provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act.
true
Due to holes in the ozone layer, there have been problems with protecting Earth from the _____ rays of the sun.
ultraviolet
Major medical health insurance usually serves as a kind of ______ policy, which takes effect after Blue Cross and Blue Shield are exhausted.
umbrella
Employers are not required to make reasonable accommodation for an employee with a disability if doing so would cause _______________.
undue hardship
Employment contracts that limit employees' rights to bargain collectively are ________________.
unenforceable
When a financial planner's official recommendation is inconsistent with what their client wants and needs and with what the situation dictates, this is called ____________.
unsuitability
For deliberate and repeat violations that result in a fatality, penalties may reach up to __________ plus prison time.
$500,000
Which tax form is provided to independent contractors?
1099
In general, it takes ______ years for a drug to be approved.
12
Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 applies to employers with ____ or more employees.
15
Appropriately ____% of the United States population is covered under Medicaid.
17%
____________ Orbital Debris Program Office monitors risk associated with "space junk."
NASA's
________ occurs when one is targeted by a union when the union's dispute is really with a different employer.
A secondary boycott
____________ happens when workers, purposely and intentionally, decrease their overall productivity.
A wildcat strike
________ is a type of pollution caused by the discharge of sulfur emissions into the atmosphere.
Acid rain
________________ are detailed records that show that an employer's practices are nondiscriminatory.
Affirmative action plans
The ___________ protects individuals are protected from discrimination in employment on the basis of age.
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
__________ design and supervise the construction of buildings and other large structures.
Architects
_________ covers an individual's hospital expenses.
Blue Cross
__________ covers the costs for surgery and other related medical procedures.
Blue Shield
_____ occurs when the professional did not act properly or failed to act.
Breach
The _____ was drafted to establish a universal set of legal procedures that apply to the international sale of goods contracts.
CISG
This federal statute, referred to as ______, gives employees and their families the right to continue with a group health plan for a specified amount of time after they lose medical coverage.
COBRA
Which of the following agencies is responsible for ensuring that consumer products sold in the United States are safe?
CPSC
______ is defined as a financial planner's overly excessive buying and selling of securities to earn more commission dollars.
Churning
The ___________ set minimum standards for the purity of water.
Clean Water Act of 1972
Among the following, who has a legal duty to report potential harm threatened by their patients?
Clergy Psychiatrists
_______ protect(s) the authors or creators of artistic, literary, or musical works.
Copyrights
__________ usually cannot sue employers for on-the-job injuries.
Employees
_______ are required to pay federal and state unemployment insurance taxes.
Employers
__________ design complex things such as bridges and power-generating stations.
Engineers
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 created the ____________________, which is responsible for administering laws prohibiting discrimination in employment.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Which of the following was the first federal statute to address discrimination against women in the workforce?
Equal Pay Act of 1963
________ occurs when the host country takes title to all of the assets of a foreign company, which receives compensation.
Expropriation
What are the statutes that shield medical professionals from malpractice liability when the plaintiff's injuries occurred in emergency cases outside the scope of regular employment?
Good Samaritan laws
_________ is the federal statute that provides an individual with rights over their health information and establishes limits on who is permitted to view and receive that information.
HIPAA
A(n) ____ is an organization that provides health insurance by coordinating services with health care providers.
HMO
The WTO has authority for all of the following, except the ___________.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
____________ dental surgery is not generally covered by dental insurance.
Major
__________ health insurance covers lengthy hospitalizations and serious illnesses.
Major medical
________ is defined as the immoral or improper conduct by a professional in the performance of their duties.
Malpractice
_________ of insurance brokers and agents can occur with all forms of insurance if they do not sufficiently explain the insurance or make the appropriate recommendation.
Malpractice
The federal health care program for certain individuals and families with low incomes is called _____.
Medicaid
The distinction between employees and independent contractors affects how an individual pays _________________ taxes.
Medicare federal income Social Security
________ pollution is caused by things such as planes and cars.
Mobile
__________ require(s) registration as a prerequisite for ownership and protection of a mark.
Most countries
__________ federal statutes have been passed to protect endangered species.
Numerous
The most important federal statute that requires employers to maintain a safe and healthy work environment is the ________________.
Occupational Safety and Health Act
___________ may be sued by shareholders for losses resulting from inaction or actions of those involved at high levels of corporations.
Officers Directors
Which of the following are categories of employees excluded from FLSA coverage?
Outside sales associates Professional employees
_________ are a statutory privilege granted to inventors to protect them for a fixed number of years from all others seeking to manufacture, use, or sell that product.
Patents
In ______________, a small number of people are tested to determine safety and dosage and to identify side effects that result from taking the drug.
Phase I
Continued testing that occurs after the FDA approves a drug occurs in _______.
Phase IV
Under the _____, the EPA is charged with regulating facilities that generate, transport, treat, store, and/or dispose of hazardous waste.
RCRA
Which of the following are examples of malpractice by a physician?
Rendering an inaccurate prognosis. Failure to prescribe accurate and necessary medication. Failure to order proper tests for the patient.
Employer liability for the acts of an employee comes from the legal doctrine of ________________.
Respondeat superior
________________ is the Latin term for "let the master answer."
Respondeat superior
Which of the following would likely not be considered an independent contractor?
Retail sales clerk
_______________ are used by businesses to identify their products and services.
Service marks Trademarks Certification marks
An example of attorney malpractice would be improperly __________ in land transactions done for the client.
clearing title
Which of the following gives the FDA authority to regulate tobacco products to discourage young adults and children from smoking?
The Tobacco Control Act
The Master Settlement Agreement is an agreement wherein major ______ companies agreed to not engage in certain strategies related to advertising.
cigarette
Under FSIA, a United States court would likely allow a lawsuit to proceed against a foreign sovereign nation in which of the following situations?
Torts committed in the United States Commercial antitrust actions Torture or terrorism
__________ institutions have the purpose of maintaining legal and economic order in international trade.
Transnational
________ is the unauthorized entry on the property of another.
Trespass
Discrimination against employees who are members of a protected ______________ is illegal throughout the employment process.
class
Under Blue Cross, patients generally pay:
a portion of costs in excess of the deductible. a deductible.
In the case of a patient's death, the physician can be held liable to:
a surviving spouse. parents. children.
It is possible for an employee to sue ____________ for injuries sustained at work, even if they file workers' compensation claim.
a third party
When a strike occurs without the consent of the union, it is called _____________.
a wildcat strike
If a business does not correct the pollution problem after they have been notified in writing, the injured party may _____ the nuisance on their own.
abate
Many American companies doing business internationally face the challenge of ______ local practices and customs.
adapting to
A(n) _____ documents an individual's wishes regarding their health care in the event that they become incapacitated or permanently unconscious without hope of recovery.
advance directive
Prior to the Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act, foreign sovereign nations were granted immunity from _________ brought by private individuals.
all lawsuits
Copyright laws generally prohibit the __________ of an author's work without their permission.
alteration reproduction
The Environmental Impact Statement must include the _______ the proposed project, including taking no action.
alternatives to
Forest fires started by _________________ are allowed to continue to burn, so long as the fire does not threaten human life and personal property.
an act of nature
In 1994, the WIPO announced the formation of a center for the ______ of disputes involving intellectual property rights.
arbitration
Medical information may be shared without patient authorization for the purpose of ____________.
arranging for payment of providers' fees protecting public health coordinating care with other providers
Under the doctrine of employment at will, an employee may choose to terminate their employment _____________.
at any time they wish
The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act restricted emissions of pollutants from _________.
automobiles factories
When judgments entered against uninsured individuals are unpaid, that may result in _____________.
bankruptcy
Discrimination may not occur during any step in the employment process, which includes _____________.
benefits promotions outreach
If an employer has a good-faith reason for a discriminatory policy based on necessary job qualifications, this reason is known as a(n) _________________.
bona fide occupational qualification
A(n) ____ happens when citizens of a particular country refuse to buy goods made by businesses in other countries.
boycott
______ is when the plaintiff shows that the defendant acted improperly or failed to act when the defendant had a duty owed to the plaintiff.
breach
Payments made to individuals in order to secure their business amount to ______________, which is illegal and ethically unacceptable in the United States but not in all countries.
bribery
The theory behind the cause of action for particle trespass is that _________ are trespassing on the property of another with pollution particles.
businesses
If a pharmacist dispenses multiple drugs that, when taken together, cause injury, the pharmacist ______________ liable for malpractice.
can be
An employer can safely disclose information about a current or former employee in all of the following areas, except _________________.
character unrelated to the job
There are generally very _____ legal relationships between countries regarding international law and trade.
complex
Loss of _______ is a claim for damages that stems from the loss of companionship of a spouse.
consortium
Vision insurance will usually cover:
contact lenses. eye examinations. corrective lenses.
State law varies on whether the provisions contained in the employee handbook are considered a(n) __________ between employer and employee.
contract
Under an HMO plan, doctors and other health care providers agree by ____________ to render medical services in accordance with the HMO.
contract
When a patient consults with a physician, the two parties are entering into a _____________.
contract
Coverage between two working spouses who are both covered by a family plan is ___________.
coordinated
In order to violate the FCPA, the payment must be made ____________.
corruptly
In specific, limited instances, _______ require companies to maintain and report affirmative action plans.
courts
Medicare Part B:
covers physicians' fees and bills for necessary medical devices.
The EPA requires that facilitates that generate hazardous waste abide by a _______________ tracking system.
cradle-to-grave
Under Title VII, discrimination in employment is prohibited on the basis of _____________.
creed sex race
It is ______ to correctly classify workers as either employees or independent contractors.
cruicial
In modern times, _____________ and ______________ are the main sources of international law.
customary practices treaties
A product flaw makes the product more ________ than it should have been.
dangerous
The CPSC may order the manufacturer to recall that is ______________.
dangerous
The number of employees in the private sector who are members of labor unions has ______ in recent years.
declined
A __________ is a set amount of money for medical expenses that the patient is responsible for paying.
deductible
For the most part, an employee may sue their former employer for _________ if the former employer made untrue statements about their job performance to a third party.
defamation
While the requirements for a valid advance directive vary greatly from state to state, the individual must usually:
demonstrate they are competent. sign the document in the presence of witnesses.
All of the following may be validly addressed in a living will, except _______________.
denying an autopsy required by law
It is legal to advertise drugs, as long as there is _________ information about the drug being advertised.
detailed
In deciding whether to cooperate with the foreign court, the U.S. court will do all of the following, except ____________.
determine whether there would be bias against foreign creditors
At-will employees cannot be terminated for reasons related to ______________.
illegal discrimination
It is possible for the insects to become ______ chemical compounds over time, which makes a pesticide ineffective.
immune
If a case of sexual harassment winds up in court, the employer can attempt to defend against the lawsuit by demonstrating that there was an effective sexual harassment program _______.
in force
During the negotiation process, the union has the right to ensure that the employer bargains ______________.
in good faith
If a prospective employer relies on a(n) ________ reference and suffers damages, that employer may have a claim for negligent misrepresentation against the firm who gave the reference
incomplete
Pharmacists can be charged with malpractice if a drug they _________ dispensed caused injury to the legal user.
incorrectly
Examples of when a nurse may be found negligent include _________________.
incorrectly administering medication failing to monitor a patient's condition
Over the past several years, workers' compensation claims filed by employees have _____________.
increased dramatically
To determine whether an employer is liable for their agent's torts, a court must first determine whether an agent is an employee or a(n) _________________.
independent contractor
A seller or manufacturer of a product has a duty to advise buyers of dangers _________ their products.
inherent in
Retailers are particularly vulnerable to product liability lawsuits when the product manufacturer is ____________
insolvent
The Clean Air Act of 1970 emphasized that, when it comes to protecting the environment, state regulation is __________.
insufficient
The broad study of the legal systems of major countries, treaties, and trade barriers is called ____________
international law
Disclosing personal, irrelevant information about a former employee amounts to ______________, irrespective of whether such information is true or false.
invasion of privacy
Financial planning analysis leads to recommendations that typically involve ______________.
investments insurance pensions
Under COBRA, employees only have the right to continue group health benefits under specific circumstances, such as ___________.
involuntary job loss
Under HIPAA, medical information may be shared with identified family members, relatives, or friends _______________ without the patient's permission.
involved with the patient's bills
A(n) ______________ is a group of employees who bargain with employers for improved wages, benefits, and working conditions.
labor union
The European Union established _________ relationships among its members.
legal economic political
Since the 1990 amendment to the FCPA, top executives and corporations are _____ likely to be prosecuted for making payments to foreign officials.
less
Nearly all professionals carry some form of ___________ to protect against being adjudged negligent.
liability insurance
The written form of defamation is called _____.
libel
Ocean dumping, as it stands today, is allowed under _____ circumstances.
limited
For the purpose of the law, there is ______________ difference between malpractice and negligence.
little
A ____________ is a document in which a person directs their physician or health proxy to forgo extraordinary medical procedures if they are dying or permanently unconscious.
living will
A ______ occurs when the employer does not allow employees to return to work.
lockout
Disability insurance makes up for _________ due to an illness or accident that prevents an employee from working at their regular employment.
lost wages
A psychiatrist's failure to warn the appropriate authorities of a patient's threat to do harm is considered _________.
malpractice
An attorney has committed __________ if they fail to bring suit before the statute of limitations expires.
malpractice
Because workers' compensation is _________ in the majority of industries and recovery is nearly automatic, it is considered to be the exclusive remedy.
mandatory
Most federal statutes did not regulate business activities because ___________ had not yet reached a state that caused significant harm to the environment.
manufacturing
In the event that the principal regains the ability to make decisions, the agent designated in a durable power of attorney for health care ________ act on the principal's behalf.
may no longer
A(n) __________ is created when pollution affects a river or state park.
public nuisance
Members of the public can file a ______________ lawsuit against a business that pollutes a river or park.
public nuisance
Under the Civil Rights Act of 1991, an employee may collect ___________ damages to punish the employer for discriminatory practices or policies.
punitive
A restriction placed on the numbers and kinds of products that may enter into a nation is called a(n) _____________.
quota system
Generally speaking, employers must make _____ accommodation for an otherwise qualified employee with a disability.
reasonable
It is very common for laws to be put in place, mandating that businesses and homeowners _____ paper, plastic, glass, and metal.
recycle
Firms strive to comply with myriad _________ that cover the relationship between businesses and the environment.
regulations ordinances statutes
Premiums for group life insurance are _______________.
relatively inexpensive
Recent changes mean that accountants can also be held liable to those who _____ the work of the accountant.
relied on
In ____ states, third parties have successfully sued attorneys for malpractice when the attorney has negligently drawn a will and they failed to inherit as the decedent intended.
some
Due to the fact that countries are ________ and create and interpret their own sets of laws, the goal is that trade be governed by transnational institutions.
sovereign
A patient enrolled in an HMO plan generally needs a referral to see a _______________.
specialist
A tort action for negligence is a cause of action under _______ law.
state
An employee must usually meet minimum _____ requirements for wages or time worked during an established period to receive unemployment compensation.
state
At the _________ level, there are workers' compensation statutes, which pertain to how an employee may recover damages for work-related injuries and illnesses.
state
A living will must be made following the precise requirements of the applicable ________ to be valid.
state statute
For the most part, architects and engineers must be licensed by the _________.
state where they work
Pollution caused by factories or another type of production facility is called _____ pollution.
stationary
In lawsuits under the Equal Pay Act, the ____________ resets each time an employer issues a discriminatory paycheck to an employee.
statute of limitations
When the legal time limit passes before an attorney files a claim, it is said that the _________ has passed.
statute of limitations
Federal and state government enact numerous __________ to reduce unreasonable risk of injury and death associated with consumer products.
statutes rules
One factor that has led to the increased number of workers' compensation claims is that many employees have filed claims for ______________ illnesses.
stress-related
The concept of _________ liability holds a company or person liable without the injured party proving fault.
strict
A disability, according to the ADA, is a physical or mental impairment that ______ limits one or more of the major activities of life.
substantially
One serious result of deforestation is that absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is ___________.
substantially reduced
CERCLA is more popularly referred to as the ______.
superfund
Insurance agents and brokers are considered to be professionals due to their ___________ in the insurance field.
superior knowledge
Estimates that the world's population will reach 15 billion by 2100, some have raised concerns that the planet may not be able to __________.
sustain our species
The Clean Water Act of 1972 required that navigable waterways be _____________, as an intermediate standard of water quality.
swimmable fishable
The sheer ____________ of waste material makes it extremely difficult to manage its disposal.
volume
During the 1960s, citizens of the United States pushed for strict environmental laws to maintain the purity of __________.
water air
Under the doctrine of strict liability, a manufacturer may be liable product-related injuries to others whether or not they _______________.
were at fault committed an intentional tort have been negligent
Early federal statutes dealing with environmental issues concerned themselves primarily with conservation of _________________.
wildlife forests
Under the FCPA, a payment is made corruptly when it is made:
with an evil motive to wrongly influence the recipient
Employers are only responsible for the torts of employees committed _____________.
within the scope of employment
Employees who are injured in the course of their work may be covered under ________________.
workers compensation laws
The type of insurance that allows employees to recover damages for work-related injuries and illnesses is called ____________.
workers' compensation
Employment contracts are:
written