Module 6 proteins and amino acids

The amino acid pool is

All the amino acids available within the tissue & body fluids

Animal proteins are considered complete proteins because

Animal proteins contain all 9 essential amino acids and digest easier

Which of the following body types is at greatest risk for heart disease?

Apple

Animal foods provide a more concentrated source of protein in the diet as compared to plant foods.

True

Animal products provide B vitamins and readily absorbable sources of minerals, such as iron, zinc, and calcium.

True

Because our bodies do not store protein, functional body proteins, such as enzymes and muscle proteins, must be broken down to yield amino acids.

True

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the lining of the small intestine.

True

If there is a shortage of an essential amino acid in the body, the absence of that amino acid limits protein synthesis.

True

Proteins have both structural and regulatory functions in the body.

True

The process by which amino acids enter the body involves an energy-requiring amino acid transport system.

True

When salivary amylase enters the stomach, the acid causes the structure of this enzyme to change so that it is no longer able to function. This change in structure is called

denaturation

What is the condition called that is depicted in this photograph?

edema

_________ , an enzyme, is produced in the stomach and breaks some of the peptide bonds in polypeptide chains.

pepsin

A _________bond joins amino acids together.

peptide

Because vegans do not consume meat or meat products, they are at risk for what vitamin deficiency?

B12

Why is protein-energy malnutrition more common in children than adults?

Because children are growing, their protein needs per unit body weight are higher.

A nutrient that could easily be deficient in the dietary pattern of a vegan would be

Calcium

The 'instructions" for making proteins are located in the

Cell nucleus

A food intolerance is an adverse reaction to a food that involves production of antibodies.

False

Endurance and strength athletes have a greater protein daily recommendation than non-athletes; therefore, they must use amino acid supplements.

False

Kwashiorkor is an overall energy deficiency whereas marasmus is a protein deficiency.

False

If an essential, amino acid is unavoidable for protein synthesis,

Protein synthesis will stop

Which of the following will NOT denature a protein?

Refrigerating milk

Of the following, which is the highest quality plant protein source?

Soy

There are certain conditions under which some of the nonessential amino acids cannot be synthesized to meet the body's needs. When this occurs these amino acids are referred to as ____ amino acids.

conditionally essential

In general, plant proteins are used _____ efficiently than animal proteins to build proteins in the human body.

less

The ____ amino acid is the essential amino acid that is available in the lowest concentration relative to the body's needs.

limiting

Someone whose nitrogen output is greater than their nitrogen intake is said to be in

negative nitrogen balance

The amino acid pool is comprised of

protein molecules consumed in the diet and from the breakdown of body proteins.

Protein _______ is a measure of how good the protein in food is at providing the essential amino acids the body needs to synthesize proteins.

quality