Module 6 Test

Which response shows that the EMT is correctly assessing motor function in the arms of a patient with a potential spine injury?

"I need you to flex both arms across your chest."

Which actions by the EMS crew have met the platinum ten minutes criteria?

Assessed, provided spinal motion restriction precautions, and initiated transport within 10 minutes of arriving on scene

On follow-up, the ED physician informs you that a patient whom you transported earlier was found to have a hemothorax. In this condition:

Blood collects in the chest cavity, collapsing the lung

You have been called for a male patient who was shot with a rifle. Assessment reveals an entrance wound to the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. A hemorrhaging exit wound to the left lower back is also located. What should you do immediately?

Cover the entrance wound with a gloved hand

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye is called:

Hyphema

A patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen has a lacerated liver. Given this information, what would represent the most immediate threat to life?

Internal hemorrhage

The EMT's care for an open chest wound and for an abdominal evisceration are similar in that:

Occlusive dressings should be placed over both wounds

When performing the secondary assessment, which sign is most suggestive of a spinal cord injury?

Persistent penile erection

During a motor vehicle collision, a confused unrestrained male struck the steering wheel with his abdomen. Currently, he is confused and complains of generalized abdominal pain, which he rates as 6/10. Assessment indicates red marks across his lower abdomen caused by the steering wheel. His pulse is 140 beats/min, respirations are 24 breaths/min, blood pressure is 108/88 mmHg, and SpO2 is 86%. The patient looks pale and has moist skin. What is most appropriate when providing oxygen to this patient?

Provide 15 lpm through a nonrebreather mask

In a patient with conjunctivitis, the EMT would expect to observe a/an:

Reddened membrane over the sclera

Which one of these injuries is most likely to cause peritonitis?

Stab wound to the small intestine

The EMT shows that he understands the difference between a pneumothorax and a tension pneumothorax when he makes which statement?

"A tension pneumothorax causes cardiac output to decrease; a simple pneumothorax does not affect cardiac output."

Which statement made by an EMT demonstrates an understanding of chest trauma?

"Closed chest injuries are caused by blunt trauma, and can be just as serious as open chest injuries."

A car swerved to miss a deer in the road and hit a utility pole at a low rate of speed. Damage to the car is minimal, but the 82-year-old male passenger was not wearing a seat belt and hit his head on the dashboard. He presents as confused and diaphoretic. His daughter, the driver, states that he has a history of dementia, high blood pressure, and diabetes, as well as coronary artery disease. She adds that he took his insulin about 2 hours ago. Which question to the daughter would be most important at this time?

"Did he eat anything today?"

A 31-year-old unrestrained pregnant female was involved in a motor vehicle collision in which she struck the steering wheel. She now complains of chest and abdominal pain. She is conscious, alert, and oriented with no deficits noted to the airway, breathing, or circulation. When asking her questions regarding her status, which questions should you ask first?

"Do you feel as though you are having contractions?"

You are assessing an 86-year-old male who fell down a flight of stairs after getting out of bed to use the bathroom. He complains of severe head, neck, and back pain. Which question is most appropriate to ask this patient?

"Do you know what caused you to fall?"

A construction worker complains of pain to both eyes after an extended period spent welding on a gas well. The light is bothering him, and he rates the pain as a 10/10. He states that this problem occurred once before and was caused by the intense light of his welding tool. The primary assessment reveals no deficits. The patient's vital signs are pulse, 80 beats/min; respirations, 14 breaths/min; blood pressure, 132/68 mmHg; and SpO2, 98%. Although the injury is very painful, his vision is not compromised. Which set of instructions indicates proper care of this patient?

"I do not think that we will need to provide supplemental oxygen."

A female who is 32 weeks pregnant was involved in a motor vehicle collision. She is currently secured to the long spine board, with other spinal motion restriction precautions taken. Which patient statement should concern the EMT most?

"I think that I just had a contraction."

You are by the side of an 88-year-old male who fell. He has a hematoma to his forehead as well as deformity to his left forearm. His daughter informs you that her father has severe dementia and she cares for him at home. As you assess him, he continually screams out, "Mary, help me. I need help!" At this time, which question is most appropriate to ask the daughter?

"Is this how he normally is?"

You are caring for a crying 30-month-old male who fell 16 feet from a second-story window, landing on a patch of soft dirt and leaves. He is alert and oriented and seems to have pain to his left shoulder and arm. Which instruction would you give to the team of EMS providers caring for this patient?

"Let's make sure his SpO2 is greater than 95%."

You are presenting information on emergency care to a class of pregnant women. A participant asks you what the most frequent cause of injury is to a woman during pregnancy. What is the correct response?

"Motor vehicle collisions account for about half of all injuries sustained during pregnancy."

You are assessing a young male patient who was assaulted with a baseball bat and struck once on the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. You would recognize that this patient has Kehr's sign when he makes which statement?

"My left shoulder is killing me!"

An adult female is found unresponsive after being shot in the chest. Which statement made by your partner is of most concern and indicative of patient deterioration?

"She is getting more difficult to ventilate."

Which statement made by an EMT indicates an understanding of facial anatomy and/or injuries?

"The only movable bone making up the face is the mandible."

You have just arrived by the side of a 23-year-old female who is 37 weeks pregnant and apneic and pulseless after being shot in the abdomen. Regarding care of this woman, which statement would you provide to other rescuers on scene?

"Waiting for ALS backup is not beneficial; we need to provide CPR and get her to the hospital now!"

A female patient who is 36 weeks pregnant with twins tripped in a parking lot, hitting her head, her wrist, and her abdomen. She is alert and oriented and complains of a headache and abdominal and wrist pain. She denies shortness of breath and has an SpO2 of 96% on ambient air. Assessment reveals a large abrasion and hematoma to her forehead and abdomen as well as deformity to her left wrist. Which intervention would best treat the injuries the fetuses may have suffered?

Administering high-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather mask

A patient has been splashed in the face with battery acid. He now complains of being unable to see anything and of severe burning to his face. You observe that he is holding both eyes tightly shut and has significant burns on his cheeks and eyelids. In this situation, the EMT would assess the eyes:

After completing the primary assessment

An Emergency Medical Responder asks you to explain a pneumothorax. You would explain that a pneumothorax occurs when:

Air accumulates around the lung, causing a portion of it to collapse.

A 15-year-old female was struck in the mouth with a baseball bat. She has lost her front teeth and is spitting blood. The EMT's priority concern when caring for this patient would be:

Airway compromise

An elderly patient fell down a flight of basement stairs and is found at the bottom by family members about 20 minutes later. Your assessment reveals that the patient cannot feel painful stimuli to his hips and legs, nor can he move his legs, but he can feel you lightly touching the skin of his legs. Which type of injury may this be?

Anterior cord syndrome

Which statement is true regarding care of the multisystem trauma patient?

Any threat to life should be managed as it is identified

While a 43-year-old man was cleaning a window, the glass broke and a sharp piece sliced his groin. Assessment shows him to have a large laceration to his left scrotum, with a testicle exposed and protruding through the sac. Blood is pouring from the laceration, and the patient rates the pain as an 8/10. What should the EMT do first?

Apply direct pressure to the injury to stop the hemorrhage

You are transporting a male patient with a deep stab wound to the groin, with damage also noted to the genitalia following an assault by his girlfriend. The patient is alert and oriented, albeit restless. Vital signs on scene were pulse, 128 beats/min; respirations, 20 breaths/min; blood pressure, 108/64 mmHg; and SpO2, 92%. Oxygen is being administered via nasal cannula. Upon reassessment, which sign would be most concerning to the EMT?

Blood pressure is now 106/88 mmHg

You suspect that your patient-a lethargic 6-month-old babydash-is the victim of child abuse. When performing the primary assessment, which assessment parameter should you use to quickly establish his perfusion?

Capillary refill

An unrestrained female driver hit a utility pole with her vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. During the impact, she struck the steering wheel with her chest. The patient's airway is open, and she states that it is painful to breathe. Her pulse is moderate in strength, irregular, and tachycardic. Breath sounds are equal bilaterally, and no jugular venous distention is noted. Assessment of her chest reveals bruising and instability to the sternum. When asked, she denies any past medical history. Based on this mechanism and the assessment findings, the EMT should be suspicious of which condition?

Cardiac contusion

As you approach a motorcyclist who was thrown from his bike, you hear him saying that he cannot feel or move his legs. You note obvious deformity to both femurs as well as to his left wrist and forearm. Emergency Medical Responders are holding manual cervical spine motion restriction and have already assessed the PMS in the extremities. Given this information, which assessment should be done next?

Check the patient's rate and effort for breathing

A baseball player was struck in the side of the face by a baseball. Assessment findings include swelling and numbness to the left side of the face and left eyelid, as well as crepitus in the same area. Assessment of the eye reveals no obvious injury. The patient denies any problem with his eyesight, but is having difficulty visually tracking your finger upward. What would be appropriate care for this injury?

Cold packs to the face and eyelid

A conscious and alert 32-year-old male was assaulted and struck in the jaw with a baseball bat. He complains of tremendous jaw pain and exhibits an unstable mandible. His airway is patent, breathing adequate, and radial pulse normal. In caring for this patient and his injury, you would:

Consider the need to implement spine motion restriction precautions

You have been called for a deeply disturbed psychiatric patient who has cut off the tip of his penis with a steak knife. Assessment reveals the 31-year-old male to be crying, with blood noted to his hands and pants. The primary assessment reveals no acute life threats. At this time, your priority is to:

Control any active bleeding that may be occurring

You are on the scene of a shooting. Your assessment reveals a 23-year-old male who has been shot twice. The first wound is to the left lower quadrant of the abdomen and is actively bleeding. The second wound is to the left lateral chest and bubbles every time the patient exhales. What would your immediate and best action be?

Cover the chest wound with a gloved hand

A man grinding metal took his safety goggles off and was struck in the face with a shower of tiny metal fragments. He now complains of pain and visual disturbance in his right eye. When assessing the eye, you note that the globe is red, with several pieces of metal embedded in the tissue. Proper care of this patient would include:

Covering both eyes with a bandage

A patient complains of pain and discomfort to the left eye after being hit in the face with a cloud of dust while working at a manufacturing complex. As you specifically assess the eye, you note some redness to the globe but do not see any obvious foreign object. The most appropriate care you can provide to this patient would be:

Covering both eyes with a bandage

You have been called to a New Year's Eve party for a male patient who was stabbed in the anterior chest. According to party-goers, the patient went outside with another male and was stabbed. Fifteen minutes later, he was found in the snow, and 911 was called. When assessing this patient, which finding would you consider to be the most serious and warranting immediate attention?

Decreased breath sounds to the left lung

When assessing a patient, which sign or symptom is most indicative of a pneumothorax?

Decreasing breath sounds to the right lung

Which abdominal organ or structure, if seriously injured, would cause the most rapid death?

Descending aorta

A patient has sustained an injury to his mediastinum. Based on the anatomy of his chest, which structure has been injured?

Esophagus

A construction foreman was stabbed with a screwdriver in the right anterior chest by an angry employee. Prior to your arrival, he removed the screwdriver. He is alert and oriented and complains of pain to the injury site. Your primary assessment reveals an open airway, adequate breathing, and strong radial pulse. Based on these findings, which intervention should be performed next?

Evaluate the patient's SpO2 level

On scene, you encounter a restless patient who has been stabbed in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and now complains of abdominal pain and a dry mouth. Assessment reveals no immediate life threats to the airway or breathing. The radial pulse is rapid and weak, and the skin cool and diaphoretic. Vital signs are pulse, 124 beats/min; respirations, 20 breaths/min; blood pressure, 122/88 mmHg; and SpO2, 90% on room air. The injury is isolated, with no involvement of the head, neck, or back. In managing the scene and the patient, which observation would cause you to immediately intervene?

Family giving the patient water to drink since he is thirsty

The EMT is correctly assessing the perfusion status of a 10-month-old when she:

Feels for a brachial pulse

Which device can be used to replace the long spine board when providing full spine motion restriction precautions to an adult?

Full vacuum mattress

You are transporting a female patient who was sexually assaulted by having a foreign body inserted deep into her vagina. You are attempting to control hemorrhage by the appropriate means. As you reassess the patient, which finding is of most concern?

Heart rate increases from 116 to 140 beats/min

A 43-year-old male fell from a roof and cannot move or feel his arms or legs. When assessing the patient, which sign would lead the EMT to suspect the patient is developing spinal shock?

Heart rate of 62 beats/min

You have been called to a high school science lab, where a male student was splashed in the eye with an alkaline solution. The patient complains of burning to the eye as well as pain. After performing the primary assessment and finding no life-threatening conditions, you would:

Hold the patient's eye open and begin flushing with large amounts of tap water, and continue this intervention throughout transport

A 45-year-old female was at a family reunion and fell off a trampoline. She hit a picnic table with the left side of her lower rib cage. Now, she is very anxious and confused. Her airway is open and her breathing adequate. Her radial pulse is rapid and weak, and her skin is cool and diaphoretic. Vital signs are pulse, 132 beats/min; respirations, 20 breaths/min; blood pressure, 102/78 mmHg; and SpO2, 97% on ambient air. The patient has ecchymosis to the left lower rib area as well as tenderness and instability to the rib cage. She also has a superficial abrasion to her forehead. Given these findings, you would suspect and treat her for which condition?

Hypovolemic shock

A confused 62-year-old female fell at home, hitting the side of a table with her chest. Assessment reveals instability to the left lateral chest, accompanied by minor bruising in the same area. The patient complains of intense pain every time she breathes. Her airway is patent, breathing is rapid and shallow, and skin warm and non-diaphoretic. Vital signs are pulse, 112 beats/min; respirations, 24 breaths/min; blood pressure, 132/64 mmHg; and SpO2, 90%. Breath sounds are somewhat shallow but still equal to both lungs. Based on those findings, you should treat this patient for which life-threatening condition?

Hypoxia

A 74-year-old female complains of abdominal pain after falling down five stairs off her front porch and striking her abdomen and left hand on a mailbox at the bottom. The patient also reports pain in her left wrist and right ankle, both of which show obvious deformity. She is alert and oriented, and her abdomen is free of bruising but tender in the left upper and lower quadrants. Her vital signs are pulse, 132 beats/min; respirations, 22 breaths/min; blood pressure, 106/86 mmHg; and initial SpO2, 93% on room air. Oxygen has been applied, and the patient has full spine motion restriction precautions in place. Advanced life support has been requested and is 12 minutes away from your current location. What is your next action?

Initiate immediate transport and intercept with the ALS unit

You arrive on the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Walking toward you is the unrestrained driver of the vehicle that sustained moderate front-end damage. The patient complains of some back pain, but is walking around after the crash and does not appear to be suffering from any neurologic deficits. Although he answers your questions appropriately, he keeps asking you, "What happened?" What is your initial action in caring for this patient?

Initiate spine motion restriction precautions

You have arrived at the scene of a shooting where a middle-aged male sustained a single gunshot wound to the abdomen. As you approach the patient, you note that he is sitting up and attempting to talk with the police officers while holding a blood-soaked towel over the left upper quadrant of his abdomen. Once you get beside the patient, you realize he is speaking in a different language that neither you nor the officers understand. Your initial action in caring for this patient is to:

Initiate spine motion restriction precautions

At a scene where a vehicle was involved in a single-car accident, you find the driver walking around at the scene. As you approach, the driver states that he felt fine when he exited the vehicle but is now concerned that his legs feel like they are "going to sleep." What is your first step in treating the driver?

Instruct him to hold his head in a neutral inline position

Which statement about removing a helmet in the prehospital setting is true?

It is acceptable to leave the helmet on a patient if the patient has no airway or breathing problems

A patient had an unknown chemical splashed into her left eye at a factory. You have been irrigating the eye on scene and are now getting ready to transfer the patient to the stretcher. Knowing that you will need to continue irrigation throughout transport, how will you position this patient on the stretcher?

Left lateral recumbent

You suspect that a patient with an open pneumothorax may be developing a tension pneumothorax. Which action is critical given this situation?

Lift one side of the dressing during exhalation

A patient has been stabbed in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which solid organ should the EMT be most concerned with being injured?

Liver

An alert and oriented young male fell 5 feet from a stage, impacting a metal railing with the right side of his chest, just under his armpit. The primary assessment is negative for life threats, although he does complain of very painful breathing and has remarkable tenderness and crepitus over the fifth rib laterally in this area. Throughout care, which action is essential to perform?

Monitor breath sounds

While returning from a call, you are flagged down by a frantic family member of a 12-year-old male patient. She is standing in the yard, and reports that the child was shot in the abdomen and is now inside the house. She states that she has already called the police, who have not arrived yet, and that the shooter is another family member who has since left the scene. What is your best course of action?

Move the ambulance and wait for law enforcement to arrive

Which statement accurately describes multisystem trauma?

Multisystem trauma has a noted higher incidence of morbidity and mortality

You are transporting a young and healthy female patient who was involved in a motor vehicle collision, during which she struck her chest on the steering column. Although the primary assessment reveals no life threats, the patient does have redness to her sternum, as well as pain and tenderness. Breath sounds are clear and present bilaterally, and vital signs are within normal limits. As you transport and reassess this patient, which sign or symptom would indicate the immediate need for ALS?

Onset of an irregular heartbeat

A 42-year-old man has called 911 because of severe back pain. He informs you that his back pain is related to a recent fracture of his coccyx. Based on this information, where should the EMT expect the patient to be complaining of pain?

Pelvic area

The mother of a 4-year-old boy states that he fell off the top bunk bed and hit his head. After falling, he appeared to seize for approximately 30 seconds. Currently, he has nonpurposeful movement to painful stimuli, with a patent airway and slow respirations. His radial pulse is intact, and his skin is warm and dry. You note urinary incontinence. After taking manual spine motion restriction precautions, what should you do next?

Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver and start positive pressure ventilation

Which mechanism of injury produces the conditions for traumatic asphyxia?

Person pinned between a truck and wall of a building

An 81-year-old woman with severe kyphosis and osteoporosis fell and now complains of neck pain, back pain, and nausea. You can palpate a lateral displacement of a cervical vertebrae. Given the patient's past medical history, what is most appropriate?

Place her in a supine position on the long spine board and pad all voids

An unresponsive 10-year-old male was struck by a car while riding his bike. He has blood on his face and presents with snoring respirations. Respirations are approximately 10 breaths per minute, with cyanosis noted to his extremities. Manual spine motion restriction to the neck is being held by Emergency Medical Responders. What should you do next?

Preform a jaw-thrust maneuver

You have just arrived on the scene of a very serious motor vehicle collision. Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs) have rapidly extricated an unresponsive female from the driver's seat. The EMRs report that she was unrestrained and struck the steering wheel with her chest and abdomen. As you start the primary assessment, you note that the patient has snoring respirations and demonstrates shallow breathing at a rate of 24 breaths per minute. What should you do next?

Preform a jaw-thrust maneuver

A 36-year-old male patient was involved in an altercation and now has a 2-inch laceration from a knife to the right side of his neck. Bleeding was controlled prior to your arrival by Emergency Medical Responders. Your paramedic partner has asked you to apply an occlusive dressing to the wound. You recognize that the primary benefit of the action is to:

Prevent air entry into the circulatory system

Assessment findings for a patient who was thrown from a motorcycle indicate that he has a flail chest wall segment to his right anterior chest. He exhibits labored breathing and an SpO2 of 92%. Breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. The segment has been stabilized, and you are prepared to start positive pressure ventilation. Given these assessment findings, which type of injury underlying the flail segment is your primary concern?

Pulmonary contusion

When applying a cervical collar to a young boy who fell out of a tree, the EMT realizes the main purpose of the collar is to:

Remind the patient not to move his head or neck

What is a general guideline to use when deciding whether to remove a patient's contact lenses?

Remove contact lenses if the eye has been injured by a chemical burn

An elderly woman experienced a closed head injury when she fell down five steps. She is responsive to painful stimuli and her breathing is irregular and shallow. When evaluating her airway, you note that she has both upper and lower dentures. Her upper dentures are secure, but her lower dentures are loose. Prior to providing positive pressure ventilation, you would:

Remove the lower dentures

When assessing a male patient who was punched in the face by another man, you detect blood in the white portion of his eye. Which optical structure has been injured?

Sclera

After being assaulted by her boyfriend, an 18-year-old female who is 33 weeks pregnant is found unresponsive in her bedroom. She appears to have been beaten in the head and abdomen, as evidenced by multiple hematomas and lacerations to these areas. Which assessment finding should concern the EMT most and should be addressed first?

SpO2 of 93% on room air

A male patient fell 20 feet from a cliff to a trail below while hiking with his girlfriend. The primary assessment shows him to be confused, with an open airway and shallow breathing. His pulse is 72 beats/min and his blood pressure is 78/50 mmHg. The skin is warm and flushed. The patient has no motor ability or sensation in his legs. What is the most likely cause of this patient's presentation?

Spinal shock

A teenage boy was found by friends as he attempted to hang himself in a garage using chains suspended from the ceiling. As you approach, you note that the patient is conscious, struggling significantly to breathe, is ashen in color around the mouth and to the hands, and has contusions and swelling that encircle his neck from the chains. After taking manual cervical spine motion restriction and opening the airway, your next action would be to:

Start positive pressure ventilation

An unrestrained 32-year-old female motorist hit a utility pole head-on at 45 mph. The car sustained extensive damage. The patient has an open airway, is breathing poorly at 32 breaths per minute with absent alveolar breath sounds, and is responsive to painful stimuli. Her radial pulse is rapid and weak, and her skin is cool and cyanotic. Breath sounds are decreased on the right side. Emergency Medical Responders are initiating spine motion restriction precautions. Your next action would be to:

Start positive pressure ventilation

You have arrived on the scene of an assault involving a knife. Assessment of the unresponsive 21-year-old male patient reveals him to have sustained multiple lacerations to the arms and abdomen, and a section of his intestine is now protruding through a large laceration in the area around the umbilicus. He has lost a significant amount of blood. His airway is open and he is breathing poorly at a rate of 28 breaths per minute. His radial pulse is weak, and his skin is cool and pale. What should the EMT do first?

Start positive pressure ventilation

The EMT's primary concern with any open injury to the chest is:

Stopping air entry

A female patient struck her face on the steering wheel in a head-on motor vehicle collision and has deformity and crepitus to the bridge of her nose. Further assessment reveals bleeding deep within the nasal passages. Prior to your arrival, fire department EMRs have secured the patient to a long spine board and applied a cervical collar and straps. To best address the hemorrhage in the nasopharynx, the EMT would:

Suction blood from the airway as needed

A construction worker has been shot with a nail gun, resulting in a long nail going through his cheek and becoming firmly embedded in the lower gum and jaw. There is considerable blood in his mouth, and the patient is in excruciating pain. Given this scenario, what would be your first priority?

Suctioning the airway of blood

A patient has sustained a large abdominal evisceration, such that a large portion of intestines are now exposed. After properly managing this injury, you are preparing the patient for transport. You ascertain that there is no evidence of spinal injury. How should you place the patient on the stretcher for transport?

Supine position, with knees and hips flexed

Which statement is most accurate regarding the processes needed for a patient to clench the hand into a fist?

The central nervous system must send a message through the spinal cord and then to the peripheral nerves

When treating a pediatric trauma patient, what is important for the EMT to remember?

The flexibility of the chest wall in a child can allow for internal injury without obvious external signs

You have been called for a patient with severe back pain. When you are obtaining a medical history, the patient tells you that he has a history of damaged disks in his vertebrae. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should recognize that:

The fluid-filled structures between the vertebrae have been injured

Which statement shows that the EMTs are correctly using a vest-type device while removing a patient from an entrapped vehicle location?

The head is secured to the device after the torso has been secured

Research by the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma has shown a higher death rate for patients who were immobilized to a backboard when:

The injury was the result of penetrating trauma to the head or torso

A middle-aged male sustained blunt force trauma to the abdomen, resulting in an isolated tear and perforation of the large intestine. When following up on the patient, what would the EMT suspect occurred, given the organ that was injured?

The patient developed an infection

A young female driver, who was involved in a motor vehicle collision, complains of cervical pain resulting from a lateral-type mechanism of neck injury. Based on this information, which type of collision most likely took place?

The patient's car was struck from the side

A 23-year-old female has been involved in a serious motor vehicle collision. Which assessment finding best indicates that she has a flail segment?

Uneven chest wall movement during breathing

A 21-year-old-female has been struck in the left eye by a softball during a game. Which finding is most concerning for an eye injury?

Unusual sensitivity to light

A female patient with a maxillary fracture has sustained injury to her:

Upper jaw

A window washer fell 20 feet from scaffolding while washing the windows on an office building. He is alert and oriented, but states that he cannot move or feel his legs. Additionally, because his blood pressure is 72/48 mmHg, you suspect spinal shock. Which other assessment finding reinforces your suspicion of spinal shock?

Warm and dry skin

How would you tell a pregnant woman to restrain herself when traveling in a car?

Wear all seat belts normally, as you would if not pregnant