module 7.2 Physio Psych

An individual with damage to the primary somatosensory cortex would most have problems with:

ability to locate where someone was touching them.

What is a dermatome?

an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve

What process is predicted by the gate theory of pain?

Non-pain information can inhibit pain information

Which of the following is TRUE about various types of somatosensation?

They are at least partly distinct all the way from the receptors to the cerebral cortex.

The eighth cranial nerve contains both a(n) ____ component and a ____ component.

auditory; vestibular

The current view of how endorphins decrease the experience of pain is that they:

block the release of substance P.

Which of the following drug actions would most likely block the effectiveness of placebos?

blocking endorphin receptors

Each spinal nerve has:

both a sensory and a motor component.

The function of the semicircular canals is to:

detect movement of the head

Studies with placebos and studies using hypnotism suggest that much of the reduction in pain is the result of decreased activation in the:

emotion areas of the brain.

A mild degree of pain releases the neurotransmitter ____. A more intense pain also releases ____.

glutamate, substance P

Itching is primarily the result of:

histamine release.

What does the vestibular system detect?

movement of the head

Someone who has suffered damage to the sensory component of one spinal nerve would lose sensation from:

one dermatome.

The brain chemicals known as endorphins and enkephalins produce effects similar to which substance?

opiates

Somatosensory information travels from the thalamus to which area of the cortex?

parietal lobe

In the otolith organs, the otoliths are calcium carbonate particles that:

push against hair cells when move

Pacinian corpuscles respond best to:

rapid mechanical pressure.

Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, relieve pain by:

reducing the release of chemicals from damaged tissues.

Which two structures provide information about vestibular sensation?

semicircular canals and otolith organs

Pain receptors of the skin are:

simple, bare neuron endings.

Morphine is effective in relieving:

slow, dull pain.

Stimulation of a touch receptor opens ____ channels in the axon.

sodium

What kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold?

somatosensory

The sensory aspect of pain activates the ____ cortex, whereas the emotional aspect activates the ____ cortex.

somatosensory, cingulate

An acceleration of the head at any angle causes:

the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells.

The ____ nucleus of the thalamus is associated with pain perception of the body.

ventral posterior