Module 9 (Ch. 32 & 33)

Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss

1,000

Which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle?

Blood vessels

Chapter 33

Environmental Emergencies

Chapter 32

Orthopaedic Injuries

Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain?

Skeletal

Which of the following joints allows no motion?

Skull sutures

A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.

Sprain

Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when:

a swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water.

To assess a patient's general temperature, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the:

abdomen.

The most prominent symptom of decompression sickness is:

abdominal or joint pain.

After being stung on the leg by a jellyfish, a man complains of severe pain to his leg, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. He has a red rash covering his trunk, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. The EMT should:

administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for rapid transport.

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:

an external wound is present over the fracture site

A construction worker's arm was severed just above the elbow when a steel girder fell on it. The stump is covered with a blood-soaked towel. The patient's skin is cool, clammy, and pale. The EMT should:

apply a tourniquet just below the shoulder.

After direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should:

apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay.

In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with:

articular cartilage.

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should:

assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions.

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (−1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:

assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in:

barometric pressure.

The most commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the:

clavicle.

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:

conduction.

The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called:

convection.

All of the following snakes are pit vipers, except for the:

coral snake.

Drowning is most accurately defined as:

death from suffocation after submersion in water.

A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the:

distal radius

Which of the following medications increases a person's risk of a heat-related emergency?

diuretics

High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through:

evaporation.

Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they:

exhibit poor thermoregulation.

A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicle. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should:

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.

To obtain the most accurate reading of a patient's core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer:

into the patient's rectum.

For sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism:

it must evaporate from the body.

A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed, and she complains of severe pain. You should:

keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.

When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is most important for the EMT to:

leave the toes exposed.

Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called:

ligaments.

Atrophy is a condition that occurs when:

muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma.

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:

nervous system.

Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following, EXCEPT:

pale skin.

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse might cause:

ventricular fibrillation.

Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when:

warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere.

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:

95°F (35°C).

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?

Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?

If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct?

It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint.

Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct?

Lightning strikes might cause cardiac dysrhythmias that spontaneously resolve.

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?

Local swelling and ecchymosis

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient's presentation, you should suspect:

Lyme disease.

Which of the following statements regarding shoulder dislocations is correct?

Most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly.

Of the following musculoskeletal injuries, which is the least severe?

Nondisplaced pelvic fracture

Which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct?

Patients with a submersion injury might deteriorate rapidly because of pulmonary injury and cerebral hypoxia.

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life?

Pelvic fracture with hypotension

Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock?

Pelvis

You are assessing a 33-year-old male who complains of severe abdominal pain, weakness, and nausea. He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden, sharp pain on the back of his hand. Your assessment reveals that the patient's abdomen is rigid and painful to palpation. You should suspect:

a black widow spider bite.

A 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. You should:

apply padded board splints to both sides of the leg.

Regarding musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the:

area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should:

bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay.

Patients with generalized hypothermia are at an increased risk of a local cold injury because:

blood is shunted away from the extremities to the body's core.

The musculoskeletal system refers to the:

bones and voluntary muscles of the body.

The diving reflex might allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to:

bradycardia and a slowing of the metabolic rate.

Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, except:

deformity.

The most significant hazard associated with splinting is:

delaying transport of a critically injured patient.

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a:

dislocation.

Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.

head

When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed:

in a functional position.

The MOST common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is:

neurovascular compromise.

The most common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is:

neurovascular compromise.

A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture.

pathologic

Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. You should:

place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling.

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:

place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be most suspicious for:

posterior hip dislocation.

You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable, and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous, and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:

protect the affected part from further injury.

A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should:

provide rescue breathing, remove wet clothing, immobilize his spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully.

High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by:

radiation

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed to:

reduce pain and swelling.

A 20-year-old male collided with another player during a hockey game and complains of severe pain to the left shoulder. Assessment reveals that the clavicle is bulging anteriorly at the shoulder. The EMT should suspect:

separation of the acromioclavicular joint.

A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:

stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.

You and your partner are preparing to apply a traction splint to a patient's deformed thigh. As you apply manual traction, the patient resists your efforts and states that the pain is getting worse. You should:

stop and splint the leg in the deformed position.

Skeletal muscle is also referred to as __________ muscle.

striated

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called:

tendons.

An air embolism associated with diving occurs when:

the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent

If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting:

the patient history

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by:

too rapid of an ascent.

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called:

traction.

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear- ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should:

bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay.

Bone marrow produces:

blood cells.

A(n) __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and might lead to bone growth abnormalities.

epiphyseal

Traction splints primarily immobilize and secure fractures of the:

femur.

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, except:

hot, dry skin.

During your secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple traumas, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic, and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting.

Care for a patient with a fractured tibia and suspected compartment syndrome includes:

keeping the leg at the level of the heart.

You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30 feet. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:

suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patient's breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility.

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:

superficial.

The two most efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are:

sweating and vasodilation.

Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by:

swelling