Module One Exam FLVS US History, US History (module 1), Module 1

mayflower

(1620) ship that carried Pilgrims from England to America

kansas-nebraska act

(1854) law establishing Kansas and Nebraska as territories and stated that the slavery issue there would be decided by popular sovereignty

dawes act

(1887) law designed to assimilate Native Americans by dividing up tribal reservation land and giving it individuals who would become farmers

radical reconstruction

-divided south into 5 districts -led to 14th & 15th amendment -disqualified former confederate officials

emancipation proclamation

-shifted the focus of the war from reunification to the abolition of slavery -encouraged African Americans that had not already fled the South for the North to run away from their owners. Many of these African Americans joined Union forces and helped them in their victory

abraham lincoln

16th president of USA

andrew johnson

17th president of USA

battle of wounded knee

1890 massacre of the Sioux by the 7th Cavalry

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court decision that ruled "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites did not violate the Constitution's "equal protection" clause

ulysses s. grant

18th president of USA

confederate states of america

7 states that seceded from US

andrew johnson

Abraham Lincoln's vice president and, after Lincoln's assassination, president of the United States. -considered by many in the North to be too lenient toward white southerners. -first president to be impeached, but he was found not guilty of the impeachment charges and remained in office

assimilate

Adopt the ways of a group

What was the main effect of the grandfather clauses and literacy tests put in place in the South at the end of the 19th century?

African American voters were disenfranchised.

black codes

Discriminatory laws passed in the post-war South

The map below shows migration routes followed by African Americans after the Civil War. Which of the following is the best explanation for the migration patterns shown on the map?

Emancipated slaves left the South to escape racial discrimination and to seek economic opportunities in the North and West.

d

How did Congress ensure that Southerners followed their Radical Reconstruction plans? a. Members of Congress sat in on the new state legislatures. b. Members of Congress met each day with freedmen voters. c. They passed the Black Codes, which limited the rights of former Confederates. d. They divided the South into five military districts controlled by federal troops.

What was the main effect of the Jim Crow system?

It undermined the civil rights that African Americans had gained during Reconstruction.

reservation

Land reserved for Native Americans

jim crow laws

Laws passed to deny African Americans equal treatment

emancipation proclamation

Lincoln's declaration that freed slaves in the Confederate states

emancipation proclamation

Lincoln's declaration that freed the slaves in the Confederate states

c

Most leaders of the Confederacy were a. Freedmen b. Northerners c. Democrats d. Republicans

ghost dance movement

Native American religious movement in response to loss of their land and threat to their culture; based on a vision by a Paiute prophet who foresaw an apocalypse with Native Americans ruling the earth in its aftermath

buffalo soliders

Native Americans' name for African American soldiers

state's rights

Powers granted to states rather than the federal government

Which statement best explains why the period from the end of Reconstruction to the early 20th century was referred to as the nadir of American race relations?

Racism was deeply felt throughout the nation, and the civil rights gains of the Reconstruction period were rolled back by Jim Crow laws.

Which of these people or groups pushed hardest for strong protections for emancipated slaves' civil rights?

Radical Republicans in Congress

ku klux klan

Reconstruction by white Southerners who opposed emancipation. They used threats and violence against African Americans and white Republicans to try to end Reconstruction and restore white supremacy

ku klux klan

Secret white supremacist organization

This diagram shows the cycle that most sharecroppers went through during the Nadir. Which of the following best completes the diagram?

Sharecropper must plant more crops next year to help earn enough to pay off the debt.

primary source

Source created by a person present at a historical event

disenfranchise

Take away a person's right to vote

carpetbagger

Term for a Northerner who came to the South after the Civil War seeking political or economic gain

The quote below was made in an 1867 address to Congress by Thaddeus Stevens, a Republican leader and member of the U.S. House of Representatives: Have not loyal blacks quite as good a right to choose rulers and make laws as rebel whites? . . . every man, no matter what his race or color . . . has an equal right to justice, honesty, and fair play with every other man; and the law should secure him those rights. Based on Stevens' perspective in the quote, with which of the following statements would he be likely to agree?

The Reconstruction Amendments are essential to reuniting the country and rebuilding the South.

Which statement best explains why President Lincoln was opposed to the Wade-Davis Bill?

The bill went against his more lenient plans for reuniting the nation.

Which statement best explains why the issue of slavery contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War?

The economies of the Confederate states relied on slave labor.

Which statement describes a common trait of the three Reconstruction Amendments?

They all focused on extending citizenship and protecting civil rights of minority groups.

How did lawmakers use the Fourteenth Amendment to justify the passage of Jim Crow laws in the South?

They argued that the Fourteenth Amendment applied only to the actions of state governments, not private individuals or businesses.

How did Radical Republicans in Congress work against President Johnson's Reconstruction plans?

They voted to override his vetoes of their civil rights bills.

d

Together, the Black Codes and actions of white extremist groups a. protected the rights of formerly enslaved people b. inspired most people to accept the new ways of life c. helped improve life in the Reconstruction-era South d. circumvented rights in the Civil War Amendments

c

What can be concluded from the Union's desire to blockade ports in the South? a. The Union navy was large and effective. b. Southern port cities were also industrial centers. c. Foreign nations were willing trade partners with the Confederacy. d. No foreign nations were willing to assist the Confederacy.

c

What does Lincoln mean when he says soldiers gave "the last full measure of devotion" (Gettysburg Address)? a. The Union defeated the Confederates at Gettysburg. b. The soldiers fought bravely. c. The soldiers gave their lives for the Union. d. The Union is more important than the soldiers.

d

What does the Union plan tell you about the transportation in the South? a. Waterways were not crucial. b. Waterways were extremely crucial. c. The South did not have a navy. d. The South had extensive railways.

a

What is the "unfinished work" Lincoln is referring to in the Gettysburg Address? a. reuniting the Union b. completing the cemetery c. dedicating the cemetery d. defeating Lee at Gettysburg

b

What term does Lincoln use in place of "union" (Gettysburg Address)? a. field b. nation c. continent d. government

debt-peonage

When laborers are forced to remain under the control of a business owner until their debts are paid

13th Amendment

When: 1865 What: outlawed slavery

14th Amendment

When: 1868 What: made African Americans citizens

15th Amendment

When: 1870 What: gave African American men the right to vote

a

Which of the following excerpts from the Gettysburg Address could be construed as an end to slavery? a. "a new birth of freedom" b. "Four score and seven years ago" c. "We are met on a great battle-field" d."we are engaged in a great civil war"

d

Which of the following is not a reason Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address? a. to help reunify the United States b. to dedicate a cemetery for soldiers c. to connect the war with American beliefs d. to accuse Confederate soldiers of treason

b

Which of the following is true about the end of Reconstruction? a. It was a sudden end when all troops were removed at once in 1877. b. It was a gradual end as troops were removed in the 1870s, ending in 1877. c. It ended with the death of Abraham Lincoln in 1865. d. It occurred when Andrew Johnson was impeached in 1868.

a

Which of the following statements is true about the Southern states after the Civil War? a. They accepted presidential Reconstruction and acted quickly to meet the requirements. b. They preferred Radical Reconstruction and waited for it to begin before electing leaders. c. They refused to accept any Reconstruction plan, continuing the Civil War until 1877. d. They abolished slavery by passing the Black Codes.

b

Which of the following was an important constitutional issue at the start of Reconstruction? a. How long it would last. b. Who should control it. c. When federal troops could return home. d. What states would be part of the plan.

Mississippi River

Which point, if controlled by the Union, would result in the Confederacy being divided?

south coast

Which point, if controlled by the Union, would result in the Confederacy being unable to import or export goods?

c

Why were the Radical Republicans angry with Lincoln and Johnson? a. The RR wanted to hold a new presidential election. b. The RR agreed that the presidents were too tough on the South. c. The RR thought the Southern states deserved harsh punishment. d. The RR disapproved of the way Johnson completely ignored Lincoln's plans.

manifest destiny

a 19th-century belief that the United States was destined to expand its territory across the continent to the Pacific Ocean

radical republican

a member of Congress during the Civil War and Reconstruction who wanted to permanently end slavery and guarantee equal rights for African Americans

grandfather clause

a provision that allowed poor whites in the South to vote even if they failed the literacy test or could not pay the poll tax, and also stopped African Americans from voting as their grandfathers would not have voted prior to 1865

reconstruction act

act initiated by radicals overriding Johnson's veto

homestead act of 1862

act of 1862 that opened up western lands by giving individual settlers 160 acres with the requirement that they live on the land for a period of time and make minimal improvements

emancipation

act of freeing those held captive; (freeing of slaves)

override

action by Congress to offset a veto by the president with a two-thirds vote

reconstruction

action or process of reconstructing or being reconstructed

missouri compromise

agreement that divided the country in half by dictating that any state lying south of 36°30' north latitude would be open to slavery and that any state above that line would be considered free`

region

an area that shares physical or human spatial characteristics, such as language, culture, or climate

poll tax

annual tax paid by those in the South who wished to vote; it was often used to disenfranchise black voters

confederacy

association of Southern U.S. states that split away from and fought against the Union in the Civil War

battle of little big horn

battle between the Sioux and the 7th Cavalry, led by George A. Custer, ending with the complete destruction of Custer's troops. A major victory for Native Americans fighting against the U.S. government

battle of little big horn

battle in Little Bighorn River, Montana

assimilate

become a part of a group by adopting the ways of that group and being accepted by people in that group

battle of antietam

bloodiest single-day battle of civil war

How did the boarding schools set up by the federal government in the late 1800s attempt to promote assimilation of Native Americans?

by discouraging students from practicing their tribal beliefs

dred scott decision

case in which Dred Scott, a slave, sued for his freedom based on the fact that he had lived in a free territory. The Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and could not sue, and that taking a slave from their owner was a violation of property rights

dred scott case

case in which a slave sued for his freedom based on the fact that he had lived in a free territory; the Supreme Court decided slaves were not citizens and could not sue, and that taking a slave from their owner was a violation of property rights

ecosystem

community of plants, animals, and smaller organisms that live, feed, reproduce, and interact in the same area or environment

compromise of 1877

compromise between democrats & republicans: democrats agreed to vote hayes for president if he removed federal troops from south & added a democrat to the cabinet

push-pull factors

conditions which drive people from their own homes and/or pull them towards a new area

july 4 1776

date: D.O.I. written

1876

date: battle of little big horn

1887

date: dawes act

1863

date: emancipation proclamation

1854

date: kansas nebraska act

gettysburg address

dedication of a military cemetery at Gettysburg

samuel tilden

democrat who lost presidential election to rutherford b hayes

repudiate

deny or reject

Jim crow laws

discriminatory laws passed mainly in Southern states to deny African Americans equal economic, political, and social treatment

ostend manifesto

document claiming the U.S. had the right to buy or seize Cuba from Spain

declaration of independence

document declaring that colonies were free from britain

delaration of independence

document written by thomas jefferson

indian schools

education system that forced Native American children from their home to day, boarding, and mission schools where they would be distanced from Native American culture and immersed in the dominant culture

kansas-nebraska act

established Kansas and Nebraska as territories and stated that the slavery issue there would be decided by popular vote

dred scott case

established a precedent that prohibited the Federal government from regulating slavery, and effectively declared slavery to be protected by the Constitution

push-pull factors

factors that cause migration.

sharecropper

farmer who's given the use of land in exchange for a portion of their harvest as rent. -Following the Civil War, most freed slaves lacked the money to purchase farmland, and so became these as a means of surviving

freedman's bureau

federal agency created to provide assistance to freed slaves, such as housing, education, health care, and employment. It established a system of public schools for freed slaves throughout the South. It also settled civil disputes between African-American laborers and white employers

tenure of office act

federal law (in force from 1867 to 1887) that was intended to restrict the power of the president of the United States from removing certain officeholders without the approval of the Senate

13th amendment

formal change to the U.S. Constitution adopted in 1865 that outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime

14th amendment

formal change to the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1868 that declared African Americans were citizens who were not to be denied equal rights

15th amendment

formal change to the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1870 that declared a citizen's right to vote could not be denied "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude"

homestead act of 1862

granted any citizen or any immigrant seeking citizenship, who was also head of the household, up to 160 acres of land at no cost

indian schools

granted any citizen, or immigrant seeking citizenship, who was also head of a household, up to 160 acres of land at no cost

cabinet

heads of government departments who advise the president

human systems

human characteristics of a region and how those form spatial patterns

popular sovereignty

idea that residents of an area can vote to decide an issue

reservation

land reserved by the u.s. government for the use of Native Americans

tenure of office act

law created by radicals preventing johnson from dismissing edwin stanton

Dawes Act

law designed to assimilate native Americans by dividing up tribal reservation land and giving it to individuals who would become farmers

fugitive slave act

law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850 that required all citizens to aid in the return of runaway slaves

black codes

laws instituted by Southern legislatures beginning in 1865 to prevent African Americans from exercising their civil rights

citizenship

legal status of being a citizen of a country, or a person's actions and behavior as a citizen

gettysburg address

linked the Civil War to the principles of the Revolutionary War. It showed the conflict as a struggle for freedom and equality for all, rather than as just a reunification or an end to slavery.

relative location

location of a place in relation to another place

nadir

lowest point, or bottom (used to describe relations between Africans Americans and whites in the South in the period between 1877 and 1920)

scale

map feature showing the relationship between actual distance and illustrated distance

wounded knee massacre

massacre of 300 Sioux by the 7th Cavalry. Considered end of the Indian Wars

radical republicans

members of the Republican party who supported equal rights for African-Americans. They favored harsher terms for Reconstruction, including prohibiting ex-Confederates from holding political office. They opposed Johnson's more lenient policies, and eventually voted to impeach him

Which group was founded to prevent African Americans from exercising their civil rights?

military leaders

great migration

movement of African Americans from the South during the early 1900s

ghost dance movement

native american religious movement in response to the loss of their land and threat to their culture; based on a vision by a paiute prophet who foresaw an apocalypse with Native Americans ruling the earth in its aftermath

underground railroad

network of conductors & stations created to help slaves escape

uncle tom's cabin

novel written by Harriet Stowe depicting brutality of slavery

congress

official name for the legislative branch of the U.S. government that includes the Senate and the House of Representatives

amnesty

pardon granted by the government, usually for political offenses

Legislature

part of government responsible for making laws, usually in reference to state governments in the United States

freedman's beurau

particular government agency designed to help freedmen find work, health care, education and other service

republican party

party formed to oppose kansas-nebraska act & keep slavery out of new territories

place

physical and human characteristics of a geographical location

U.S. constitution

plan detailing the structure, functions, and powers of the government of the United States

wade-davis bill

plan where confederate states could rejoin union if 10% of voters pledged loyalty

veto

power of the U.S. president to reject a law passed by Congress

impeachment

process of making a formal accusation of misconduct against a public official

pike's peak gold rush

rapid movement of people to a newly discovered goldfiend in july 1858 -forced native americans to give up land and move to sand creek

What describes a step that each former Confederate state had to take to gain readmission to the Union?

ratify the Fourteenth Amendment

literacy tests

reading comprehension tests used to prevent African American voters from casting ballots

pocket veto

refusal of a president to sign a bill within 10 days of its passage and the adjournment of Congress causes the bill to be rejected

compromise of 1850

resolved the conflict between the Northern and Southern states regarding the legality of slavery in the territories, but increased tensions between abolitionists and slaveholders by allowing slaves in free states to be captured and returned to their owners through the Fugitive Slave Act

kansas-nebraska act

resulting violence shed light on the rising level of hostility between the North and the South

suffrage

right to vote

edwin stanton

secretary of war & member of cabinet who radicals saught support from

compromise of 1850

series of congressional measures that allowed California to become a state, settled border disputes between Texas and New Mexico, and created the Fugitive Slave Act

frederick douglass

slave who saught refuge in North

Robert E lee

soldier who led battle of Antietam

tariff

taxes, often placed on imported goods to protect domestic industries

sharecropper

tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent

battle of little big horn

the 1864 slaughter of over 150 inhabitants of a winter camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho

sand creek massacre

the 1864 slaughter of over 150 inhabitants of a winter camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho

sand creek massacre

the 1864 slaughter of over 150 inhabitants of a winter camp of cheyenne and arapaho

Battle of Wounded Knee

the 1876 battle between the Lakota Sioux and the 7th calvary, led by George A. Custer, ending with the complete distraction of Custer's troops

Which Native American practice was a central factor in the Wounded Knee Massacre?

the Ghost Dance

anaconda plan

the Union's three-part Civil War strategy, designed to capture the Confederate capital in Richmond, block southern ports, and control the Mississippi River

Which event led directly to the secession of Southern states?

the election of Abraham Lincoln as president

nullification theory

theory that states could nullify, or cancel, any federal legislation the states deemed unconstitutional

The passage below is an excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Which statement explains why this amendment was adopted?

to protect the civil rights of African Americans

william sherman

ulysses grant appointed him commander of military division -attempted to destory morale of confederacy

electoral

vote cast by a member of the Electoral College for the selection of the president

spatial patterns

ways in which people, places, and characteristics are organized on the Earth's surface

scalawag

white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during the post-Civil War reconstruction period

rutherford b hayes

winner of 1876 persidential election, resulting in compromise of 1877

succession

withdrawal of a state from a country

secession

withdrawal of a state from country or nation

thomasjefferson

writer of D.O.I.