Modules 1-3

Nutbeam argues that health literacy:

Can serve as an intermediary between health education and health outcomes

Which of the following statements is TRUE about health literacy?

Critical health literacy skills can be oriented toward social and political action

Health Promotion is a wide area of work that includes—but is not limited to—Health Education

True

Once you begin to implement a program, you should be flexible and make any needed modifications to the plan/design that was created.

True

Structural inequalities occur when a bias (such as racism) becomes ingrained in interpersonal, institutional and systems policies and practices, and results in 'sorting' persons into the haves and the have nots - those who are resource rich vs resource poor.

True

Which of the following is(are) characteristic of 'population health?'

1. Population health strategies are for the overall population or subpopulations rather than only for patients of a specific hospital or provider practice or enrollees of a health insurance plan

Using the graphics provided in the lecture, what proportion of cerebrovascular accidents are potentially preventable?

33

Which of the following correctly orders programs in terms of: primary; secondary; tertiary?

flu vaccines available on campus; antiviral drugs taken at the first sign of flu symptoms; rest and hydration during duration of the flu

Outcome evaluation examines:

Program effects

Low-income individuals, on average, have poorer health than high-income individuals. There are likely many intermediaries of this relationship. For example, low-income individuals may not have as much access to healthy foods. Please provide another example of a possible intermediary, and explain how it links low income with poor health. Use 3 or fewer sentences.

Another example is low-income individuals may not have the money to afford housing in a "nice" area so the neighborhood they settle in may have high crime and is not safe. This then causes safety issues of going outside and getting the proper amount of exercise needed and therefore will be in poor health.

Which of the following are true regarding health behaviors?

Actions taken by persons to promote, protect or maintain health whether the or not the behavior is effective. They vary across the lifespan. They vary across different cohorts.

Examples of structural racism include:

Differential incarceration policies Overt discrimination Under valuation of contributions Racially segregated schools

The _____________ model of health promotion recognizes that behavior doesn't occur in a vacuum but instead acknowledges that there is a reciprocal relationship between health-related behaviors and the environments where people live, work & play. This model also acknowledges that the environment includes different subsystems and emphasizes the relationships between them.

Ecological

You are planning an obesity prevention program on a college campus and have designed multiple multi-pronged program activities. Which program addresses the least ecological levels in its activities?

Education to increase knowledge about how to calculate a meal's nutritional value, healthy cooking demonstrations to build skills, tailored text messages to increase self-confidence to exercise on campus

Of all the determinants of health, the social determinants of health play the smallest role in health inequities

False

Preparing an evaluation plan after a program is planned is impossible.

False

Suppose a recent study found that among women ages 50 - 60-year-old, Latinx, White, Black, and Asian women had different rates of high blood pressure. This would be an example of achieving 'Health For All.'

False

The evaluation plan should be developed AFTER you start the project/program.

False

While primary prevention aims to provide effective rehabilitation, tertiary prevention aims to prevent the initial occurrence of the disease.

False

With regards to health promotion, the Ottawa Charter of 1986 is noted for proclaiming that 'health is a fundamental right for all' while the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978 is noted for providing a definition of health promotion.

False

In your reading, the CDC report "Sexual Violence on Campus: Strategies for Prevention" argued that individually-oriented approaches (e.g., bystander interventions, building healthy relationship skills, establishing positive norms about gender, sexuality and violence) were the most important strategies for violence prevention.

False.

Program evaluation occurs after the health promotion planning cycle is concluded.

False.

Which of the following do you think would NOT be an example of a social protection floor?

First aid training courses

Which of the following are attributes or characteristics of health promotion?

Health promotion includes efforts that involve involuntary behavior change. The focus of health promotion efforts is the community & populations. Health promotion utilizes measure that extend beyond education (ie advocacy, law, mass communication).

A person who unconsciously and routinely sits further away from persons of Y race than X race is likely expressing __________bias. This is a type of ________________ bias.

Implicit, personally mediated

A pamphlet on the importance of handwashing reads as follows: "Rub your hands vigorously for at least 20 seconds. Remember to scrub all surfaces, including the backs of your hands, wrists, between your fingers and under your fingernails." What is one way this could be improved to help audiences with low health literacy?

Include pictures of how to wash between your fingers, under your fingernails, etc.

Which of the following is an example of a resource objective?

Increase the proportion of adults with broadband access to the Internet from 55% to 60% by 2030.

At the turn of the century (early 1900s), major public health concerns focused on:

Infectious diseases and germ theory

A primary data source...

Is data you collect yourself

Which of the following is true about primary prevention?

It focuses on preventing diseases from occurring in the first place

As defined in the Ottawa Charter, which of the following are included in the definition of Health Promotion?

It involves the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. Health is seen as a resources for everyday life. Goes beyond healthy lifestyles to wellbeing.

Which of the following is NOT true about health education?

It often compels people to act in ways that are in their own best interest, but against their free will

Which intervention is targeting the organizational level of the socio-ecological model?

Local businesses provide free dental floss and toothpaste in all their bathrooms to encourage their workers to practice good dental hygiene.

Which type of needs assessment technique should you use when you want to understand community cultures, norms and values in their social context?

Observations

You have developed a program with the goal to reduce the rate of STIs among college students. You want to evaluate the change in the rate of STIs on campus after implementing the program. Which evaluation would be best for you to perform?

Outcome evaluation

In 2015, the city of New Orleans required all casinos to be smokefree. This is an example of a health promotion effort targeting...

Policies

Which of the following is NOT a goal of a needs assessment?

Prevent disease from occurring

In Everett Massachusetts, a number of meetings were held between the police chief and the community aimed at addressing structural racism and improving community-police interactions. As a result of these meetings, the department put down in writing—in Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic, and Haitian Creole—what people should expect when stopped by police. The police chief also dispatched officers for crash courses in Spanish and Portuguese. Sharing information about what to expect when stopped by police with community members is an example of which level of strategy development (when and where to intervene)?

Promoting community education

Which of the following IS a level of the socio-ecological model?

Public Policy

An outcome evaluation typically collects which of the following type(s) of data?

Quantitative data (surveys, observations, records)

Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?

Rate of smoking in the community

Based on what you've learned, which of the following do you think would be another example of a social determinant of health?

Residential segregation

Which of the following is the biggest disadvantage to primary data?

The amount of resources needed to collect quality information

How does the Spectrum of Prevention take an ecological perspective toward health promotion planning? (check all that apply)

The model recognizes that behavior can be impacted at multiple levels of influences. The different components are designed to work synergistically and maximize effectiveness.

Which of the following would you NOT consider when prioritizing health problems?

The recency of the problem

Process evaluation questions are about the implementation of a program.

True.

Whereas a person's genetic susceptibility to inherited diseases (e.g., Huntington's disease) is a ______, it is not a _________.

determinant of health; social determinant of health

Whereas _____ focuses on everyone getting the exact same thing, _____ is about making sure people get access to the same opportunities.

equality; equity