Modules 8, 9, & 10

Which IPv4 address can a host use to ping the loopback interface?

127.0.0.1

What does a code of "O" indicate next to a route in the routing table?

A route learned dynamically from OSPF.

What statement describes the function of the Address Resolution Protocol?

ARP is used to discover the MAC address of any host on the local network.

What is an attack using ARP?

ARP poisoning.

Which delivery method does not guarantee that the packet will be delivered fully without errors?

Best effort.

What is a basic characteristic of the IP protocol?

Connectionless.

Which layer is responsible for taking an IP packet and preparing it for transmission over the communications medium?

Data link layer.

This type of route is also known as a gateway of last resort.

Default route.

Which field in an IPv4 packet header will typically stay the same during its transmission?

Destination Address.

When a router receives a packet, what information must be examined in order for the packet to be forwarded to a remote destination?

Destination IP address.

Which information is used by routers to forward a data packet toward its destination?

Destination IP address.

What is a service provided by the OSI network layer?

Encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer.

When transporting data from real-time applications, such as streaming audio and video, which field in the IPv6 header can be used to inform the routers and switches to maintain the same path for the packets in the same conversation?

Flow label.

What is the term for splitting up an IP packet when forwarding it from one medium to another medium with a smaller MTU?

Fragmentation.

What type of information is contained in an ARP table?

IPv4 address to MAC address mappings.

What is the purpose of the banner motd command?

It provides a way to make announcements to those who log in to a router.

Which action is taken by a Layer 2 switch when it receives a Layer 2 broadcast frame?

It sends the frame to all ports except the port on which it received the frame.

What is a major issue associated with IPv4?

Lack of end-to-end connectivity.

Which three commands are used to set up secure access to a router through a connection to the console interface?

Login, password cisco, line console 0.

What is a function provided by ARP?

Maintains a table of IPv4 to MAC address mappings.

To what type of address are ICMPv6 neighbor solicitation messages sent?

Multicast.

What is a potential network problem that can result from ARP operation?

On large networks with low bandwidth, multiple ARP broadcasts could cause data communication delays.

What are the functions during the boot up process of a Cisco router?

Perform the POST and load the bootstrap program, locate and load the Cisco IOS software, locate and load the Cisco IOS software, and locate and load the startup configuration file.

Which CLI mode allows users to access all device commands, such as those used for configuration, management, and troubleshooting?

Privileged EXEC mode.

What ICMPv6 message is used in SLAAC?

Router Advertisement.

What ICMPv6 message is used in SLAAC?

Router Solicitation.

An administrator is configuring a new router to permit out-of-band management access. Which set of commands will allow the required login using a password of cisco?

Router(config)# line console 0, Router(config-line)# password cisco, Router(config-line)# login

Which command is used to encrypt all passwords in a router configuration file?

Router_A (config) # service password-encryption

What destination MAC address would be included in a frame sent from a source device to a destination device on a remote local network?

The MAC address of the local router interface.

When an IPv4 packet is sent to a host on a remote network, what information is provided by ARP?

The MAC address of the router interface closest to the sending host.

How does the network layer use the MTU value?

The MTU is passed to the network layer by the data link layer.

When is the copy running-config startup-config command entered?

The R1# prompt.

When is the interface fastethernet 0/0 command entered?

The R1(config)# prompt.

When is the login command entered?

The R1(config-line)# prompt.

Which statement is correct about IPv4 packet header fields?

The source and destination IPv4 addresses remain the same while travelling from source to destination.

What is stored in the NVRAM of a Cisco router?

The startup configuration.

The addresses of Port 1 and Port 3 are in the MAC address table. Port 4 wants to send a frame to Port 2. What will the switch do with the frame?

The switch will forward the frame to all ports except Port 4. The MAC address of Port 2 is not present in the MAC table of the switch. Because the switch does not know where to send the frame that is addressed to Port 2, it will forward the frame to all the switch ports, except for Port 4, which is the incoming port.

Which is a characteristic of static routes?

They are manually configured.

Which statement describes the treatment of ARP requests on the local link?

They are received and processed by every device on the local network.

A PC is configured to obtain an IPv4 address automatically from network 192.168.1.0/24. The network administrator issues the arp -a command and notices an entry of 192.168.1.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff. Which statement describes this entry?

This is a static map entry.

What is a function of NVRAM?

To retain contents when power is removed.

What is a function of NVRAM?

To store the startup configuration file.

Which OSI layer sends segments to be encapsulated in an IPv4 or IPv6 packet?

Transport layer.

A cybersecurity analyst believes an attacker is spoofing the MAC address of the default gateway to perform a man-in-the-middle attack. Which command should the analyst use to view the MAC address a host is using to reach the default gateway?

arp -a

What command could be entered on a Windows host to view its IPv4 and IPv6 routing table?

netstat - r

What command could be entered on a Windows host to view its IPv4 and IPv6 routing table?

route print

Which command could be used on a Cisco router to view its ARP table?

show ip arp

Where are IPv4 address to Layer 2 Ethernet address mappings maintained on a host computer?

ARP cache.

What will a Layer 2 switch do when the destination MAC address of a received frame is not in the MAC table?

It forwards the frame out of all ports except for the port at which the frame was recieved.

Which statement about host forwarding decisions is true?

Local hosts can reach each other without the need of a router.

What IPv4 header field identifies the upper layer protocol carried in the packet?

Protocol.

Which field includes common values such as ICMP (1), TCP (6), and UDP (17)?

Protocol.

Which characteristic describes an IPv6 enhancement over IPv4?​

The IPv6 header is simpler than the IPv4 header is, which improves packet handling.

PC1 - S1 - (G0/0) R1 (S0/0/0) - (S0/0/0) R2 (G0/0) - S2 - File_server1 PC1 attempts to connect to File_server1 and sends an ARP request to obtain a destination MAC address. Which MAC address will PC1 receive in the ARP reply?

The MAC address of the G0/0 interface on R1.

Which default gateway statement is true?

The default gateway address is the IP address of the router on the local network.

In a tracert command, which IP address does the user PC target in order to forward its data off the local network?

The first one listed.

What is the aim of an ARP spoofing attack?

To associate IP addresses to the wrong MAC address.

Which statement is true about ARP?

ARP entries are cached temporarily.

What is a protocol used to determine the MAC address of a known destination device IP address?

ARP.

Why is NAT not needed in IPv6?​

Any host or user can get a public IPv6 network address because the number of available IPv6 addresses is extremely large.​

A technician is configuring a router to allow for all forms of management access. As part of each different type of access, the technician is trying to type the command login. Which configuration mode should be entered to do this task?

Any line configuration mode.

Which statement regarding the service password-encryption command is true?

As soon as the service password-encryption command is entered, all currently set passwords formerly displayed in plain text are encrypted.

What happens when the transport input ssh command is entered on the switch vty lines?

Communication between the switch and remote users is encrypted.

A new network administrator has been asked to enter a banner message on a Cisco device. What is the fastest way a network administrator could test whether the banner is properly configured?

Exit privileged EXEC mode and press Enter.

Which destination address is used in an ARP request frame?

FFFF.FFFF.FFFF

Which field is used to detect corruption in the IPv4 header?

Header Checksum.

Which field in an IPv6 packet is used by the router to determine if a packet has expired and should be dropped?

Hop Limit.

What is a major issue associated with IPv4?

IP address depletion.

What addresses are mapped by ARP?

IPv4 address to a destination MAC address.

Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of IPv4?

IPv4 has a 32-bit address space.

What is a major issue associated with IPv4?

Increased network complexity and Internet routing table expansion.

Which option is an improvement provided by IPv6 as compared to IPv4?

Increases the IP address space.

Which statement describes a feature of the IP protocol?

Ip relies on upper layer services to handle situations of missing or out-of-order packets.

Which is true of the IPv6 header?

It consists of 40 octets.

Which is true of the IPv6 header?

It contains 8 header fields.

Pc1 - Switch1 - Router1 - Cloud/Internet - Router 2 - Switch2 - PC2 Consider the IP address configuration shown from PC1. What is a description of the default gateway address?

It is the IP address of the Router1 interface that connects the PC1 LAN to Router1.

The ARP table in a switch maps which two types of address together?

Layer 3 address to a Layer 2 address.

What is a protocol used to determine the MAC address of a known destination device IP address?

ND.

What ICMPv6 message is used to determine the MAC address of a known IPv6 address?

Neighbor Advertisement.

What ICMPv6 message is used to determine the MAC address of a known IPv6 address?

Neighbor Solicitation.

What ICMPv6 message is used during the Ethernet MAC address resolution process?

Neighbor advertisement.

What ICMPv6 message is used during the Ethernet MAC address resolution process?

Neighbor solicitation.

What is NAT?

Network Address Translation allows the private IP addresses defined in RFC 1918 to be used in a private network while still being able to communicate with the Internet.

What is a potential network problem that can result from ARP operation?

Network attackers could manipulate MAC address and IP address mappings in ARP messages with the intent of intercepting network traffic.

Where is the ARP table stored on a device?

RAM.

Which router component holds the routing table, ARP cache, and running configuration file?

RAM.

What routing table entry has a next hop address associated with a destination network?

Remote routes.

What is a function provided by ARP?

Resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses.

What is one function of the ARP protocol?

Resolving an IPv4 address to a MAC address.

What is a service provided by the OSI network layer?

Routing packets toward the destination.

What are the two most commonly referenced fields in an IPv4 packet header that indicate where the packet is coming from and where it is going?

Source IP address and destination IP address.

What information is added during encapsulation at OSI Layer 3?

Source and destination IP address.

Which is true of the IPv6 packet header?

The Hop Limit field replaces the IPv4 Time to Live field.

What destination MAC address would be included in a frame sent from a source device to a destination device on the same local network?

The MAC address of the destination device.

When is the enable command entered?

The R1> prompt.

A router boots and enters setup mode. What is the reason for this?

The configuration file is missing from NVRAM.

Which characteristic describes the default gateway of a host computer?

The logical address of the router interface on the same network as the host computer.

Which parameter does the router use to choose the path to the destination when there are multiple routes available?

The lower metric value that is associated with the destination network.

A network administrator is connecting a new host to the Registrar LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?

The one that Connects to the Manager LAN.

A computer has to send a packet to a destination host in the same LAN. How will the packet be sent?

The packet will be sent directly to the destination host.

The global configuration command ip default-gateway 172.16.100.1 is applied to a switch. What is the effect of this command?

The switch can be remotely managed from a host on another network.

What is the purpose of the startup configuration file on a Cisco router?

To contain the commands that are used to initially configure a router on startup.

How does the ARP process use an IPv4 address?

To determine the MAC address of a device on the same network.

What is the purpose of ARP in an IPv4 network?

To obtain a specific MAC address when an IP address is known.

What was the reason for the creation and implementation of IPv6?

To relieve IPv4 address depletion.

True or False? A router can be configured with a combination of both static routes and a dynamic routing protocol.

True.

When a connectionless protocol is in use at a lower layer of the OSI model, how is missing data detected and retransmitted if necessary?

Upper-layer connection-oriented protocols keep track of the data received and can request retransmission from the upper-level protocols on the sending host.

Which option is an improvement provided by IPv6 as compared to IPv4?

Uses a simpler header to provide improved packet handling.

Company policy requires using the most secure method to safeguard access to the privileged exec and configuration mode on the routers. The privileged exec password is trustknow1. Which of the following router commands achieves the goal of providing the highest level of security?

enable secret trustknow1

Which command can be used on a Windows host to display the routing table?

netstat -r

What will be the response from the router after the command, "router(config)# hostname portsmouth" is entered?

portsmouth(config)#

If asked what interfaces in each router are active and operational, what command should you issue?

show ip interface brief

Which command can be used on a Cisco router to display all interfaces, the IPv4 address assigned, and the current status?

show ip interface brief

What is the command used on a Cisco IOS router to view the routing table?

show ip route