mother baby chapter 3 practice questions

The genetic sex of a human is determined at _____________.

conception

The phase of the ovarian cycle that begins with the first day of menstruation and ends about 14 days later is called the

follicular phase rationale: The follicular phase is the period during which an ovum matures. It lasts from the first day of menstruation until about day 14.

When examining a 10-year-old girl, the nurse notices the onset of breast buds. The nurse can inform the girl's mother that menstruation is likely to occur

in about 2 to 2½ years rationale: Breast development begins about 8 to 13 years of age; menstruation occurs about 2 to 2½ years after breast development.

The two events necessary for active milk production after the birth of a baby are

infant suckling and prolactin production. rationale: After the birth of the placenta, estrogen production decreases. This allows the prolactin to become more effective, which is necessary to stimulate milk production. Stimulation of the breast by infant suckling is also necessary to produce milk.

The layer of the uterus that is primarily responsible for uterine contractions is the

myometrium. rationale: The myometrium is made up of thick muscles. The longitudinal fibers in the fundus are designed to expel the fetus toward the outlet.

The primary purpose of the seminiferous tubules is

spermatogenesis rationale: Spermatogenesis occurs within the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

The structures enclosed by the labia minora are termed the ____________.

vestibule

Select the possible causes of secondary amenorrhea. (Select all that apply.)

Anorexia nervosa Pregnancy Inadequate pituitary stimulation of the ovary Excessive androgenic hormones rationale: Secondary amenorrhea describes absence of menstruation for at least three cycles after regular cycles have been established or for 6 months. Amenorrhea is more common in females who are thin. Women who are competitive athletes, dancers, or suffer from eating disorders (such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia) may have too little fat to produce enough sex hormones to stimulate ovulation and menstruation. Pregnancy is also a common cause of secondary amenorrhea. Amenorrhea may result from inadequate pituitary stimulation of the ovary or failure of the ovary to respond to pituitary stimulation. Amenorrhea also may be caused by excessive androgenic hormones from the adrenal glands, which have a masculinizing effect.

A 14-year-old girl goes to the school nurse because she is afraid she has breast cancer. She tells the nurse that her breasts are two different sizes and she has heard that is a sign of cancer. The nurse's best response should be based on which statement?

Breasts develop at different rates during puberty and will catch up with each other. rationale: During puberty a girl's breasts often develop at different rates, resulting in a lopsided appearance until one breast catches up with the other.

A 16-year-old girl asks the school nurse about her height. She is concerned that she will continue to keep growing until she is taller than the boys. When teaching the girl about skeletal growth, the nurse can base her answer on which of the following statements?

Estrogen will cause the epiphyses to unite with the shaft of the bones, which will stop the growth of the skeleton. rationale: Estrogen has a powerful effect on the skeleton to cause the epiphyses to unite with the shaft of the bones. This will eventually stop growth in height. In boys, testosterone affects the epiphyses the same way, but is not as powerful, allowing male height to be taller.

The loss of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum at the end of the ovarian cycle stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ____________ and __________.

FSH and LH

Fertilization occurs in which structure?

Fallopian tubes rationale: The sperm travel up the uterus into the fallopian tube. The egg travels from the ovary into the fallopian tube. Fertilization occurs when they unite in the tube.

Genetic testing on an embryo shows two X chromosomes. This infant will be

Female rationale: Females carry two X chromosomes. Males carry one X and one Y chromosome.