mother/baby chapter 31

Clinical manifestations of failure to thrive caused by behavioral problems resulting in inadequate intake of calories include:

Avoidance of eye contact.

Which statement best describes the infant's physical development?

Birth weight doubles by age 5 months and triples by age 1 year.

When is the best age for solid food to be introduced into the infant's diet?

4 to 6 months

A parent asks the nurse "At what age do most babies begin to fear strangers?" The nurse responds that most infants begin to fear strangers at age:

6 months.

By what age does the posterior fontanel usually close?

6 to 8 weeks

At which age can most infants sit steadily unsupported?

8 months

By what age should the nurse expect that an infant will be able to pull to a standing position?

9 months

The parents of a 12-month-old child ask the nurse if the child can eat hot dogs. The nurse's reply should be based on knowing that:

Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.

The parent of 2-week-old Sarah asks the nurse if Sarah needs fluoride supplements because she is exclusively breastfed. The nurse's best response is:

"She may need to begin taking them at age 6 months."

An infant experienced an apparent life-threatening event and is being placed on home apnea monitoring. The parents have understood the instructions for use of a home apnea monitor when they state:

"We will check the monitor several times a day to be sure the alarm is working."

A nurse has completed a teaching session for parents about "baby-proofing" the home. Which statements made by the parents indicate an understanding of the teaching (select all that apply)?

"We will put plastic fillers in all electrical plugs." "We will place a gate at the top and bottom of stairways." "We will remove front knobs from the stove."

An infant has been pronounced dead from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the emergency department. Which is an appropriate question to ask the parents?

"What time did you find the infant?"

The nurse should teach parents that which age is safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula?

12 months

The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old healthy infant who weighed 7 pounds at birth. The nurse should expect the infant to now weigh approximately:

15 pounds.

At what age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli?

2 months

The nurse is doing a routine assessment on a 14-month-old infant and notes that the anterior fontanel is closed. This should be interpreted as:

A normal finding.

A mother tells the nurse that she doesn't want her infant immunized because of the discomfort associated with injections. The nurse should explain that:

A topical anesthetic, eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA), can be applied before injections are given.

The parents of a 3-month-old infant report that their infant sleeps supine (face up) but is often prone (face down) while awake. The nurse's response should be based on knowledge that this is:

Acceptable to encourage head control and turning over.

Which behavior indicates that an infant has developed object permanence?

Actively searches for a hidden object

Which interventions should the nurse implement when caring for a family of a sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infant (select all that apply)?

Allow parents to say goodbye to their infant. Arrange for someone to take the parents home from the hospital. Conduct a debriefing session with the parents before they leave the hospital.

The best play activity to provide tactile stimulation for a 6-month-old infant is to:

Allow to splash in bath.

Parent guidelines for relieving colic in an infant include:

Changing the infant's position frequently.

A mother tells the nurse that she is discontinuing breastfeeding her 5-month-old infant. The nurse should recommend that the infant be given:

Commercial iron-fortified formula.

Austin, age 6 months, has six teeth. The nurse should recognize that this is:

Earlier-than-normal tooth eruption.

Pacifiers can be extremely dangerous because of the frequency of use and the intensity of the infant's suck. In teaching parents about appropriate pacifier selection, the nurse should explain that a pacifier should have which characteristics (select all that apply)?

Easily grasped handle One-piece construction Sturdy, flexible material

A nurse is teaching parents about prevention and treatment of colic. Which should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

Eliminate all secondhand smoke contact.

A parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse, "All this baby does is scream at me; it is a constant worry." The nurse's best action is:

Encourage parent to verbalize feelings.

Which is an important nursing consideration when caring for an infant with failure to thrive?

Establish a structured routine and follow it consistently.

Which is the most appropriate action when an infant becomes apneic?

Gently stimulate trunk by patting or rubbing.

Which information could be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age?

Give large push-pull toys for kinesthetic stimulation.

Sara, age 4 months, was born at 35 weeks' gestation. She seems to be developing normally, but her parents are concerned because she is a "more difficult" baby than their other child, who was term. The nurse should explain that:

Infants' temperaments are part of their unique characteristics.

The nurse is interviewing the father of 10-month-old Megan. She is playing on the floor when she notices an electrical outlet and reaches up to touch it. Her father says "No" firmly and removes her from near the outlet. The nurse should use this opportunity to teach the father that Megan:

Is old enough to understand the word "No."

A nurse is conducting education classes for parents of infants. The nurse plans to discuss sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which risk factors should the nurse include as increasing an infant's risk of a SIDS incident (select all that apply)?

Low Apgar scores Male sex Recent viral illness

An important nursing responsibility when dealing with a family experiencing the loss of an infant from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is to:

Make a follow-up home visit to parents as soon as possible after the infant's death.

A parent asks the nurse whether her infant is susceptible to pertussis. The nurse's response should be based on which statement concerning susceptibility to pertussis?

Most children are highly susceptible from birth.

The parents of a 4-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are getting a microwave oven and will be able to heat the baby's formula faster. The nurse should recommend:

Never heating a bottle in a microwave oven.

A 3-month-old infant, born at 38 weeks of gestation, will hold a rattle if it is put in her hands; however, she will not voluntarily grasp it. The nurse should interpret this as:

Normal development.

With the goal of preventing plagiocephaly, the nurse should teach new parents to:

Place the infant prone for 30 to 60 minutes per day.

An appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation is:

Playing peek-a-boo.

The clinic is lending a federally approved car seat to an infant's family. The nurse should explain that the safest place to put the car seat is:

Rear facing in back seat.

Latasha is a breastfed infant being seen in the clinic for her 6-month checkup. Her mother tells the nurse that Latasha recently began to suck her thumb. The best nursing intervention is to:

Reassure the mother that this is very normal at this age.

In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do?

Roll from abdomen to back.

In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do (select all that apply)?

Roll from abdomen to back. Put feet in mouth when supine.

A nurse is preparing to administer routine immunizations to a 4-month-old infant. The infant is currently up to date on all previously recommended immunizations. Which immunizations will the nurse prepare to administer (select all that apply)?

Rotavirus (RV) Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) Inactivated poliovirus (IPV)

According to Piaget, the 6-month-old infant would be in what stage of the sensorimotor phase?

Secondary circular reactions

The nurse notices that a 10-month-old infant being seen in the clinic is wearing expensive, inflexible, high-top shoes. The nurse should explain that:

Soft and flexible shoes are generally better.

Parents tell the nurse that their 1-year-old son often sleeps with them. They seem unconcerned about this. The nurse's response should be based on the knowledge that:

This is a common and accepted practice, especially in some cultural groups.

The parents of a 9-month-old infant tell the nurse that they have noticed foods such as peas and corn are not completely digested and can be seen in their infant's stool. The nurse bases her explanation on knowing that:

This is normal because of the immaturity of digestive processes at this age.

In terms of fine motor development, the infant of 7 months should be able to:

Transfer objects from one hand to the other.