Mouth(Sense of Taste)
metal ions, sodium chloride; allows modulating diet for electrolyte balance
SALTY :|
acids such as oranges, tomatoes; typically foods rich in vitamin C
SOUR :o
sugars, alcohols, amino acids; usually indicates energy rich nutrients
SWEET ;)
larger, form an inverted "V" at the back of the tongue
circumvallate
how many taste buds in a young adult?
~10,000 (lessen as we age)
several times more sensitive to bitter and other tastes than those that taste poorly
"supertaster"
interwoven among the taste cells in a taste bud is a network of dendrites of sensory nerves called "_______"
"taste nerves"
how many adult teeth?
32
taste may be up to ____% smell
80
alkaloids (nicotine, caffeine) aspirin; allows sensing of diverse natural toxins, therefore protective in nature
BITTER :P
the depolarization of taste cells is transmitted to the taste nerve fibers resulting in an action potential that is transmitted to the _____
BRAIN!!
2 Main Types of TONGUE PAPILLAE Containing Taste Buds:
Fungiform & Circumvallate Papillae
5 Types of Taste:
Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter, Umami
taste and smell receptors are classified as _____ bc they are responding to chemicals dissolved in fluids
chemoreceptors
beefy; enhanced by monosodium glutamate (a food additive)
UMAMI :B
when taste cells are stimulated by binding of chemicals to their receptors, they _______
depolarize
how often are taste buds replaced?
every 7-10 days
cover the tongue, especially the tip and sides
fungiform papillae
begins in the mouth where mechanical and chemical breakdown of food begins
human digestion
once taste signals are transmitted to the brain, several motor neural pathways are activated that are important to digestive function:
increased salivation, secretion of gastric juices in the stomach
the _____ of the taste cells bear taste receptors
microvilli
the taste buds themselves are too small to see without a microscrope, but _____ are visible by close inspection of the tongue's surface
papillae
it is clear that the sense of _____ affects the sensation of taste
smell
olfaction
smell
3 Pairs of Salivary Glands:
sublingual gland, submandibular gland, parotid gland
gustation
taste
sensory receptors for taste
taste buds
the taste receptor cells within a bud are arranged such that their tips form a small _____, and through this pore extend microvilli from the taste cells
taste pore
taste buds are composed of groups of between 50 & 150 columnar _________ bounded together like a cluster of bananas
taste receptor cells
taste is also influenced by the ______ & ______ of food due to thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
temperature & texure
taste buds are located primarily on the _____, also on the soft palate, inner cheeks, pharynx, epiglottis
tongue