Movement Science

What of the following is true regarding force production of a muscle? A. A unipennate muscle at 30° pennation transmits approximately 86% of force from muscle to the tendon. B. Maximum force production of a muscle is proportional to the sum of cross-sectional area of all its fibers, measured perpendicular to the tendon-bone angle of insertion. C. Both A and B are true D. Both A and B are false

A. A unipennate muscle at 30° pennation transmits approximately 86% of force from muscle to the tendon.

Which statement is accurate regarding osteokinematics? A. It describes the motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes. B. It describes the motion of bones relative to the trunk. C. It describes the mechanical properties of bone. D. It describes the motion of joints relative to the distal moving segment.

A. It describes the motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes.

In the knee, we can derive that there is a migrating axis of rotation for flexion and extension that... A. Moves posteriorly relative to the tibia with flexion. B. Moves inferior relative to the tibia with extension. C. Moves superior relative to the tibia with flexion. D. Moves anteriorly relative to the tibia with flexion.

A. Moves posteriorly relative to the tibia with flexion.

What arthrological joint type possesses the fewest degrees of freedom? A. Pivot B. Saddle C. Ball and socket D. Ellipsoidal

A. Pivot

What osteokinematic motion at the clavicle is inconsistent with its expected degrees of freedom based on the saddle joint arthrology? A. Protraction B. Posterior rotation C. Elevation

B. Posterior rotation

Closed chain kinematics imply that the distal segment is ______. A. In contact with the proximal segment B. Relatively fixed C. Unloaded D. Moving

B. Relatively fixed

Which articulation in the shoulder complex is not susceptible to joint inflammation? A. Sternoclavicular B. Scapulothoracic C. Acromioclaviular D. Glenohumeral

B. Scapulothoracic

What is true regarding joint reaction forces? A. The internal and external moment arms must be of the same length B. This force is developed in reaction to the net effect of internal and external forces C. Joint reaction forces prevent static equilibrium from occurring D. None of the above are correct

B. This force is developed in reaction to the net effect of internal and external forces

When can the center of mass be outside the segment(s) in question? A. When considering the lower extremity as a continuous segment, and the knee is in 0 degrees of extension during the propulsive phase of sprinting. B. When considering the upper extremity as a continuous segment, and elbow flexion to 120 degrees is introduced, the COM may be located in the space between the upper arm and forearm. C. The COM, by definition, must be located within a body segment. D. When axially rotating at a high velocity, the center of mass of a rigid long bone segment may migrate outside the segment in question.

B. When considering the upper extremity as a continuous segment, and elbow flexion to 120 degrees is introduced, the COM may be located in the space between the upper arm and forearm.

What is expected in the frontal plane of the sternoclavicular joint? A. The costoclavicular ligament will check excessive depression B. Concave-on-convex mechanics C. A joint mobilization to improve osteokinematic elevation would be to apply an inferior force to the proximal clavicle. D. None of the above

C. A joint mobilization to improve osteokinematic elevation would be to apply an inferior force to the proximal clavicle.

Which statement is accurate regarding the concept of equilibrium? A. In a state of equilibrium, acceleration may be non-zero and constant. B. In a state of dynamic equilibrium, linear and rotational velocities can be constant (including zero). C. Accelerations are zero in both static and dynamic equilibrium. D. None of the above statements are accurate.

C. Accelerations are zero in both static and dynamic equilibrium.

You are conducting a manual muscle test for knee extension, and are comparing placing your hand for external resistance mid-tibial shaft versus at the distal end of the tibia. What statement is true regarding this comparison? A. The external torque demands are the same as long as your external force stays the same. B. If the external moment arm is doubled, the torques stay the same only if the external force is doubled. C. For the same given force, the patient will experience greater external demands if you apply your resistance to the distal tibia. D. None of the above are true

C. For the same given force, the patient will experience greater external demands if you apply your resistance to the distal tibia.

Consider the coordinate system convention (for a free body diagram) that makes positive X point proximal-to-distal along a long bone of interest, as seen in the Neumann text. As you resolve forces, what statement (A-C) is false? A. The X components will not have a moment arm B. The joint axis of rotation is located along X C. Forces along the positive X will induce rotation due to torque generation D. All of the above are true

C. Forces along the positive X will induce rotation due to torque generation

Which of the following statements is true regarding the mechanical work-energy relationship? A. Average power is force/time B. Isometric exercise, as with the force-velocity relationship, yields more work than concentric exercise C. If no linear or angular displacement occurs, no work occurs D. Two of the above answers are true E. None of the above answers are true

C. If no linear or angular displacement occurs, no work occurs

What statement is true regarding mechanical work? A. Mechanical work is inclusive of metabolic processes. B. Mechanical work magnitude factors in the time required to move over distances. C. It is the product of force and the distance over which that force is applied. D. None of the above are true.

C. It is the product of force and the distance over which that force is applied.

Which is an example of lever system in the body that possesses a mechanical advantage of less than 1? A. Muscle force from the cervical extensors vs head weight, with an axis of rotation of the atlanto-occipital joint. B. Muscle force from the grastroc-soleus complex vs body weight, with an axis of rotation at the metatarsal heads. C. Muscle force from the elbow flexors vs the external weight from holding a 15 pound dumbbell, with an axis of rotation at the elbow joint. D. None of the above

C. Muscle force from the elbow flexors vs the external weight from holding a 15 pound dumbbell, with an axis of rotation at the elbow joint.

During the throwing motion, what is true biomechanically? A. The mass moment of inertia of the humerus multiplied by the angular velocity of glenohumeral motion gives the angular impulse. B. If the rotator cuff is eccentrically contracting to slow down the arm after ball release, no mechanical work is being done by the cuff. C. Neither D. Both

C. Neither

Which of the following statements in true regarding the stress-strain relationship? A. Strain is expressed as a force dispersed over a given area. B. When mobilizing a joint capsule to gain mobility, a therapist should take care to avoid the plastic zone. C. The beginning of the plastic zone is noted as the yield point. D. The slope of the stress-strain curve for a given tissue is inversely related to the rate of tissue loading.

C. The beginning of the plastic zone is noted as the yield point.

What is statement is false regarding the acromioclavicular joint? A. Falling onto the lateral shoulder may yield what is termed AC joint separation. B. The AC joint may contain an articular disc C. The roll and slide mechanics for abduction are that they are coupled in the same direction. D. The AC joint is planar

C. The roll and slide mechanics for abduction are that they are coupled in the same direction.

You are holding a dumbbell with 0 degrees of shoulder flexion and 90 degrees of elbow flexion, such that your forearm is parallel with the ground. Then, you flex your shoulder to 60 degrees while keeping your forearm parallel with the ground. The reference coordinate system is such that position X is proximal-to-distal along the forearm segment. What is true regarding this second position in regarding to the biceps? A. You have increased the IMA for the biceps at the elbow joint. B. You have increased the Y component of the biceps force. C. You increased the magnitude of the M vector. D. All of the above

C. You increased the magnitude of the M vector.

What is the angle of inclination of the humerus? A. 145° B. 110° C. 30° D. 135°

D. 135°

The longitudinal and transverse diameters of the humeral head are how many times larger than on the surface of the glenoid? A. 4 times B. Not different C. 10 times D. 2 times

D. 2 times

Which of the following is true regarding the benefits of a concave-convex joint? A. Improved joint congruency B. Increased surface area C. Improved guidance for motion D. All of the above E. Two of the above (A-C)

D. All of the above

What mathematically defines angular momentum? A. Mass moment of inertia times angular displacement B. Torque times angular velocity C. Angular work times mass moment of inertia D. Angular velocity times mass moment of inertia E. None of the above

D. Angular velocity times mass moment of inertia

Which of the following is not a diarthrodial joint? A. Glenohumeral joint B. Humeroradial joint C. L4-5 lumbar facet D. Distal tibiofibular joint

D. Distal tibiofibular joint

At the glenohumeral joint, active osteokinematic abduction of the upper extremity in standing leads to_______. A. Roll and slide in the same direction B. The direction of slide being the same as the direction of osteokinematic motion C. Arthrokinematic spin. D. Inferior slide

D. Inferior slide

The loose-packed position of a joint.... A. Minimizes accessory motions and available joint play. B. Is often engaged towards the end-ranges of available overall joint motion. C. Is generally a position of high joint congruity. D. Is also called the open-packed position. E. Two of the above are correct phrases regarding the loose-packed position of a joint.

D. Is also called the open-packed position.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding joint torque? A. A torque occurs around a joint in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. B. Torque is the rotary equivalent of force. C. The words moment and torque are synonymous. D. Leverage describes the relative force applied to a given moment arm.

D. Leverage describes the relative force applied to a given moment arm. *Leverage - describes the relative moment arm length possessed by a particular force

Which statement is accurate regarding scapulothoracic motions? A. The primary motion during a resisted shoulder shrug activity is upward rotation. B. Retraction will accompany depression. C. Protraction can only occur with humeral motion D. None of the above are accurate.

D. None of the above are accurate.

When assessing a diagrammatic model of muscle, which statement is true? A. Connective tissue does not contribute to the model. B. The parallel elastic component represents the tendon. C. The contractile component is in series with the parallel elastic component. D. The contractile component is parallel with the parallel elastic component.

D. The contractile component is parallel with the parallel elastic component.

Which statement is accurate regarding ground reaction forces during steady-state running? A. Ground reaction forces are equal and opposite to plantar foot forces B. The propulsive peak occurs prior to the breaking peak C. The area under the anterior and posterior-directed impulses should be similar if running velocity is constant D. Two of the above answers are true E. None of the above answers are true

D. Two of the above answers are true: Ground reaction forces are equal and opposite to plantar foot forces & The area under the anterior and posterior-directed impulses should be similar if running velocity is constant

What is true regarding the parallelogram method as discussed in lecture and in the text? A. It illustrates force vectors from the same muscle(s) acting across a joint of interest B. The resultant force from the muscles of interest is called a bowstring force C. Bowstring forces are resisted by the neighboring distal and proximal joints D. Two of the above are true

D. Two of the above are true

A joint reaction force in a free body diagram should be drawn with the vector arrow pointing towards the segment of interest. A. False B. True

True

Scapulothoracic elevation generally drives SC joint elevation. A. True B. False

True