MT Study Guide

Experimental blindness

A tester involved in a research study who is not aware of the interventions or research questions being studied; minimizes bias

Extramusical associations (definition)

A thought, emotion, or sensation experienced in response to a sound that represents something nonmusical; e.g. linking a bell tone to the end of class

117. A student with social (pragmatic) communication disorder occasionally verbally interrupts at inappropriate times, becoming disruptive in social settings. To BEST address social language use, the music therapist should first sing a phrase from a song, make eye contact with the student, and then sing A. "Now it's your turn." B. "Look at me." C. "I like to sing." D. "Let's sing together."

A. "Now it's your turn."

67B. A client has recently been admitted to a psychiatric facility with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. The client comes to a group music therapy session exhibiting sleepiness and a sluggish demeanor. Which of the following MOST likely accounts for this presentation? 1. side effects of newly prescribed medication 2. symptoms of depression 3. symptoms of mania 4. symptoms of anxiety A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 4 only D. 3 and 4 only

A. 1 and 2 only

113B. A music therapist is developing expressive communication goals for a 7-year-old child with Down syndrome. Which of the following documented times of services is MOST appropriate? A. 30 minutes, x 2 per week B. 10 minutes, x 5 per week C. 45 minutes, x 1 per month D. 60 minutes, x biweekly

A. 30 minutes, x 2 per week

22B. A music therapist is improvising in the key of G major. Which of the following secondary dominant-seventh chords should be chosen for the MOST direct transition to the new key of D major? A. A7 B. B7 C. D7 D. E7

A. A7

39. A music therapist is working in a choral ensemble with a group of adults who have developmental disabilities. The group's long-term goal is to perform in the community. Which of the following will MOST likely affect the group's success? A. Adapt parts to meet individual group members' abilities. B. Choose music that is highly preferred by the group. C. Choose music each group member is familiar with. D. Arrange the ensemble participants based on musical ability.

A. Adapt parts to meet individual group members' abilities.

104. A patient in a geriatric setting tells the music therapist that he enjoys bluegrass music and requests it for the next session. This genre of music is not in the therapist's repertoire. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Agree to learn bluegrass music for the next session. B. Explain that this genre is not in the repertoire and suggest alternatives. C. Dismiss this request and sing another genre. D. Inform the client that bluegrass music is available online.

A. Agree to learn bluegrass music for the next session.

83B. A music therapist is working with a process-oriented group of adults. The clients are playing keyboard, bass, guitar, and drums. The group stops playing because the drummer is intentionally playing faster than the other clients can play. Which of the following should be the therapist's FIRST action? A. Allow the group to express how they are affected by the drummer's actions. B. Play the drums along with the drummer to modify the tempo. C. Increase the proximity of the players to one another. D. Confront the drummer in front of the group to model direct communication.

A. Allow the group to express how they are affected by the drummer's actions.

While working with a child, the music therapist raises her eyebrows when the child reaches for a mallet, which is an off-task behavior. The child immediately pulls her hand away. The therapist has A. Communicated limits. B Ignored the child's response. C. Reinforced on-task behavior. D. Reinforced the off-task behavior.

A. Communicated limits.

33. To receive third party reimbursement for music therapy services, a music therapist is required to include a code for the specific procedures used in music therapy treatment. These codes are defined in the A. Current Procedural Terminology® (CPT). B. Prospective Payment System (PPS). C. Minimum Data Set (MDS). D. Physicians' Desk Reference® (PDR).

A. Current Procedural Terminology® (CPT).

115B. A parent reports that her 8-year-old child with Asperger's Syndrome loves to sing and wants to join the choir at his school. However, he seems to do poorly in group activities. Data indicate that he has made successful progress on his interaction goals during individual music therapy. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST response? A. Design a treatment plan to reinforce these goals into another setting and collaborate with the choir teacher. B. Practice the choir music during the music therapy setting and offer to direct the choir. C. Introduce new goals into the music therapy setting and give the choir director a copy of the goals. D. Explain to the parent that this would not be appropriate as the child could potentially have difficulty interacting with choir students.

A. Design a treatment plan to reinforce these goals into another setting and collaborate with the choir teacher.

54B. In a residential facility, which of the following is the MOST reliable method for determining whether a client's progress has generalized? A. Evaluate target behaviors of the client outside of the therapy setting. B. Consult with direct care workers who are in contact with the client in the residential setting. C. Consult progress notes written by other members of the client's multidisciplinary team. D. Evaluate whether the client's behavior outside of therapy is appropriate to the context of the residential setting.

A. Evaluate target behaviors of the client outside of the therapy setting.

119. A child with a profound intellectual disability frequently displays self-stimulating behaviors, including moving his fingers in front of his eyes. Which of the following would be the MOST effective use of music to decrease self-stimulating behavior? A. Give the child a maraca and play preferred music when he shakes the maraca. B. Withhold preferred music when he moves his fingers in front of his eyes. C. Play loud, unfamiliar music during instances of self-stimulating behavior. D. Play preferred calming music any time the child moves his fingers in front of his eyes.

A. Give the child a maraca and play preferred music when he shakes the maraca.

47. A student who typically communicates non-verbally becomes more vocal during a session, with increased humming and babbling. Which of the following should the music therapist do FIRST to facilitate increased vocal production? A. Imitate the student's sounds. B. Play a familiar song. C. Add rhythmic accompaniment. D. Introduce additional sounds.

A. Imitate the student's sounds.

39. A music therapist is working with an older adult client diagnosed with depression. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST approach to help elevate the client's mood? A. Incorporate progressively more stimulating client-preferred music. B. Introduce the client to a new song to stimulate interest. C. Play slower, somber music to match the client's activity level. D. Sing an upbeat song with positive lyrics.

A. Incorporate progressively more stimulating client-preferred music.

40B. A music therapist is working with a group of adolescents in an inpatient psychiatric treatment facility. The therapist wants to engage a new group member who has a flat affect, is looking out the window, is sitting away from the others, and is not answering questions from group members or the therapist. Which of the following is the therapist's BEST action? A. Invite the new member to join in a group improvisation using percussion instruments. B. Conduct a music and imagery session using music the adolescents enjoy. C. Ask a colleague to attend the group to help elicit responses from the new member. D. Conduct lyric analysis using a popular song dealing with adapting to new situations.

A. Invite the new member to join in a group improvisation using percussion instruments.

A music therapist is working with a group of nonverbal and non-ambulatory clients. To increase their one-to-one social interactions, the music therapist introduces a dyadic movement experience. Which of the following should the therapist ask the group to do? A. Mirror the movements of a partner. B. Move freely within a circle formed by other clients. C. Perform movements of a partner. D. Perform movements in front of a reflective surface.

A. Mirror the movements of a partner.

A music therapist is working in an adult outpatient chemotherapy clinic. The therapist notices an unfamiliar patient who is anxiously pacing in the waiting area. The patient tells the therapist he is extremely frightened of the intravenous needles used for the treatment. Before they finish talking, the patient is called in for the procedure. If there are no scheduled appointments, the therapist should A. Offer immediate therapeutic intervention with the agreement of the patient and an order for treatment. B. Give the patient a printed brochure about the music therapy program and how to set up an appointment. C. Review the patient's chart and provide therapeutic intervention following the procedure. D. Discuss applications of music therapy intervention with the patient's physician and nurse.

A. Offer immediate therapeutic intervention with the agreement of the patient and an order for treatment.

In order to stay current with information on autism and best practices, the MOST reliable resource is A. Peer-reviewed publications B. Workshops C. The Internet D. Magazine Articles

A. Peer-reviewed publications

Progressive hearing loss in an elderly person occurring predominantly at high frequencies is MOST likely attributed to A. Presbycusis. B. Tinnitus. C. Osteitis. D. Club disease.

A. Presbycusis.

112B. A music therapist working in a women's shelter is asked to see a client who has expressed an interest in music. The therapist is provided with little background information. At their first meeting, the therapist notices that the woman's face and arms are covered with bruises. When the woman begins to sing about how happy and in love she is, which of the following is the therapist's BEST action? A. Provide supportive music to develop trust. B. Sing about other people in similar situations. C. Stop the song to question the woman about how she got her bruises. D. Point out that the woman's lyrics do not seem to match her circumstances.

A. Provide supportive music to develop trust.

10. A music therapist in a private school setting conducts a weekly social skills group for students with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Goals include controlling impulses, turn-taking, and reciprocity. Data indicates three of the four students are making progress towards their goals, but one student expresses "music is stupid" and records indicate he participates less than 5% of the time. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? 10. A music therapist in a private school setting conducts a weekly social skills group for students with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Goals include controlling impulses, turn-taking, and reciprocity. Data indicates three of the four students are making progress towards their goals, but one student expresses "music is stupid" and records indicate he participates less than 5% of the time. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Refer the student to a non-musical social skills group. B. Ignore the student and focus on the remaining group members. C. Position the student in a leadership position. D. Dismiss the student from the group until he can demonstrate cooperation.

A. Refer the student to a non-musical social skills group.

127. A recently board-certified music therapist will begin to facilitate an outpatient support group for cancer patients at a local hospital. She has a variety of patients in the group, including patients recently diagnosed, those currently undergoing treatment, and cancer survivors. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action to prepare for the first group? A. Review current research and literature in music therapy related to cancer care. B. Attend rounds on the oncology units to meet with physicians and nurses. C. Find music activities online that are appropriate for adults in cancer treatment. D. Interview other music therapists who work with cancer patients and survivors.

A. Review current research and literature in music therapy related to cancer care.

110. A client has met the stated goals and objectives for music therapy, and the treatment team feels the client has received the maximum possible benefit from these services. The client is away on vacation and will not return for 4 weeks. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Schedule 1 or 2 additional sessions upon the client's return to address closure. B. Notify the client in writing that music therapy services are terminated. C. Request that services be extended for another 3 months to prepare the client. D. Ask the caregiver to communicate this information to the client.

A. Schedule 1 or 2 additional sessions upon the client's return to address closure.

8. A music therapist works in a remote area where the field is not prominent and there are no other practicing music therapists. The music therapist is feeling isolated. Several clients at the hospital where he works are challenging, and he feels that he could really benefit from another person to "bounce ideas off of." Which of the following is the MOST effective way to address the music therapist's immediate need? A. Seek peer supervision through an online community of music therapists. B. Connect with a non-music therapy co-worker who can listen and offer feedback. C. Find a therapeutic outlet by playing recreationally with local musicians. D. Attend a conference session that focuses on the music therapist's concerns.

A. Seek peer supervision through an online community of music therapists.

When the music therapist is consulting with a client's family or significant others in the treatment planning process, it is appropriate to do all of the following EXCEPT A. Share histories of other clients for comparative studies. B. Inquire about the family's involvement upon discharge. C. Share information about leisure resources available D. Inquire about the client's musical preferences

A. Share histories of other clients for comparative studies.

A music therapist is working with a group of at-risk teenagers. One member of the group suddenly becomes more engaging, brings a few possessions as gifts to other in the group, and writes song lyrics about "finding the answer." These behaviors MOST likely indicate A. Suicide Risk B. Social Engagement C. Therapeutic Progress D. Boundary Crossing

A. Suicide Risk

80. Which of the following interventions BEST demonstrates how a music therapist could use music as a cue for a relaxation response when helping a patient prepare for a painful medical procedure? A. Teach the patient to practice breathing deeply while listening to a soothing piece of music. B. Encourage the patient to participate in a lyric analysis to initiate a discussion about coping skills. C. Engage the patient in improvisational drumming to distract them from the procedure. D. Help the patient write a song expressing how they feel about the procedure.

A. Teach the patient to practice breathing deeply while listening to a soothing piece of music.

A music therapist is working with a group of nonverbal individuals with severe multiple disabilities. After a few sessions, the therapist notes that songs with faster tempi or complex rhythmic patterns cause several group members to exhibit signs of distress and sensory overload. The BEST action for the music therapist to take is to A. Use a variety of simple rhythmic patterns at a modified tempo. B. Divide the group based on response level. C. Play songs with which the clients are familiar. D. Alternate the tempi of the interventions between slow and fast.

A. Use a variety of simple rhythmic patterns at a modified tempo.

28. When a music therapist arrives to work at a memory care facility, the spouse of a client expresses sadness that his loved one with late-stage dementia does not recognize him. When the music therapist enters the client's room, the client is sitting in the corner of the room and staring at the floor. Which of the following strategies should the music therapist include in the session? A. Use the client's favorite song to facilitate a musical interaction between the spouses. B. Play calming music to diminish the client's agitated behaviors. C. Present a list of preferred songs for the client to select. D. Improvise a song about love and marriage with the spouse present.

A. Use the client's favorite song to facilitate a musical interaction between the spouses.

52B. A child is able to make vocalizations, but is not yet able to form consonant sounds. Vocal improvisational play is chosen to stimulate consonant formation. Which of the following syllabi should a music therapist focus on FIRST? A. [ma] B. [fa] C. [wa] D. [ra]

A. [ma]

91B. When using receptive methods of music therapy with clients with psychotic disorders, a music therapist should consider using A. accompanying activities (e.g., movement, drawing) to help connect the clients' internal experience with external reality. B. guided imagery in conjunction with music listening to help guide the clients' thoughts to concrete images. C. new age music with the absence of rhythmic grounding as this may promote a feeling of floating and relaxation. D. multistep instructions for specific musical and non-musical tasks to maintain clients' attention and focus.

A. accompanying activities (e.g., movement, drawing) to help connect the clients' internal experience with external reality.

32. A music therapist is facilitating a music therapy group for children with emotional and behavioral disorders. One of the goals of the group is to improve social skills. The therapist is attempting to structure and organize music therapy experiences within the session to create a therapeutic contour focused on this goal. Following a greeting song, which of the following interventions should be the music therapist's NEXT step? A. an improvisational experience that facilitates turn-taking and interaction B. rewriting a popular song to reflect appropriate emotional self-regulation strategies C. breathing and movement to practice relaxation using a repetitive guitar chord progression D. live guitar and singing of a closing song using a client-preferred music genre

A. an improvisational experience that facilitates turn-taking and interaction

44. During a music therapy session, a client experiences an emotional reaction related to an impending loss. This is typically referred to as A. anticipatory grief. B. affective state. C. bereavement. D. complicated grief.

A. anticipatory grief.

57B. Which of the following speech disorders is MOST likely caused by a stroke or damage to the brain? A. aphasia B. dysphagia C. ataxia D. dyspnea

A. aphasia

126B. Providing a client with song and intervention choices as well as ample opportunities for independent instrument play is an example of addressing A. autonomy. B. self-regulation. C. sensory integration. D. generalization.

A. autonomy.

11B. Evidence-based practice (EBP) principles require music therapists to take which of the following into account when planning treatment? A. best available research; patient characteristics, culture and preferences; and clinical expertise B. evidence of past treatment success; therapist knowledge and skills; and treatment length C. published music therapy program descriptions; therapist expertise; and assessment outcomes D. reviews of past research literature; patient history; and principle of beneficence

A. best available research; patient characteristics, culture and preferences; and clinical expertise

61B. A group of clients would like to perform a Latin American piece at a school talent show. They have been improvising a 3-2 rhythm with a variety of percussive instruments. Which of the following rhythmic patterns will provide the strongest accompaniment? A. clave rhythm B. waltz rhythm C. tango rhythm D. cha-cha rhythm

A. clave rhythm

128B. A music therapist is working with an individual who is moderately affected by a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Which of the following experiences requires the highest level of executive functioning for this client? A. composing the melody of a song B. adding CDs to one's personal collection C. selecting an instrument for a rhythmic improvisation D. choosing a song for the group to sing

A. composing the melody of a song

4. When playing a song for a group of clients, the music therapist is reminded of feelings of love for a romantic interest. The therapist should A. continue working and internally acknowledge these feelings. B. block these feelings out and focus on the clients' needs. C. share these feelings with the clients when the song is over. D. play this song in future sessions only when feeling uninspired.

A. continue working and internally acknowledge these feelings.

43. Which of the following must be submitted to third-party payers when seeking reimbursement for music therapy services? A. diagnostic codes, music therapy credentials, and billing forms B. cost-benefit analysis, diagnostic codes, and music therapy credentials C. billing forms, cost-benefit analysis, and music therapy treatment plan D. music therapy treatment plan, music therapy credentials, and diagnostic codes

A. diagnostic codes, music therapy credentials, and billing forms

47B. A client in a residential facility is absent from a regularly scheduled music therapy group. After the music therapist investigates the reason for the client's absence, the NEXT step is to A. document the absence. B. discharge the client from the group. C. modify treatment to facilitate the client's return. D. discuss the client's absence at the next group session.

A. document the absence.

29. A patient with late-stage dementia has not vocalized in several years. During the assessment process, the patient makes ongoing attempts to sing "Na, na, na, na" when presented with childhood chants. The music therapist should conclude that music therapy may A. elicit vocal responses. B. restore lost speech skills. C. be met with frustration. D. not effectively benefit this patient.

A. elicit vocal responses.

23. A child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who communicates non-verbally spends much of the initial session exploring the environment of the room, touching the walls, and playing instruments that the music therapist has set out in the treatment room. Which of the following should the music therapist concentrate on FIRST? A. engaging the child by reflecting the child's actions and mood through improvisation B. developing compliance for in-seat behaviors through positive reinforcement C. increasing the child's attention span through listening experiences requiring discrimination of the instruments heard D. encouraging the child to vocalize while playing instruments

A. engaging the child by reflecting the child's actions and mood through improvisation

102. Exploring the ways in which clients passively accept their circumstances and surrender control in order to make choices and start to consciously take charge of their own lives, is employing principles from which of the following psychotherapeutic models? A. existential therapy B. psychoanalytic therapy C. cognitive behavioral therapy D. reality therapy

A. existential therapy

20B. Counting the number of verbalizations during a music therapy session is an example of A. frequency recording. B. duration recording. C. observation recording. D. interval recording.

A. frequency recording.

86. At the beginning of a session, a client is asked to choose an instrument and play along. The music therapist improvises a chant about the client's instrument choice, the view from the therapy room window, and the fact that they are together for music time. The therapist is MOST likely addressing which of the following objectives? A. improving orientation to the environment B. enhancing decision-making skills C. increasing the client's self-esteem D. providing opportunities for musical self-expression

A. improving orientation to the environment

63. A music therapist is designing a group experience for adults in a psychiatric hospital who are reluctant to verbalize. Which of the following experiences will MOST likely encourage non-verbal expression? A. improvisational drumming B. exercise with music C. guided imagery D. progressive muscle relaxation

A. improvisational drumming

76. A music therapist is playing "If You're Happy and You Know It" on the guitar. The group of students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder are provided with castanets and instructed to play them only at the cued time. The goal is MOST likely to improve A. impulse control. B. endurance. C. trust. D. reality orientation.

A. impulse control.

17B. During a music therapy assessment, a client with late-stage dementia changed her facial expression several times, hummed parts of a familiar melody, made eye contact with the therapist, and attempted to play a hand drum. She was unresponsive to other stimuli in the environment. Which of the following is the BEST treatment recommendation for this client? A. individual sessions emphasizing sensory awareness and stimulation B. a small rhythm group emphasizing group cohesiveness C. a music appreciation group emphasizing reminiscence and life review D. individual sessions emphasizing reality orientation

A. individual sessions emphasizing sensory awareness and stimulation

41. When a music therapist arrives for a group music therapy session at a residential psychiatric treatment facility for adolescents, the therapist finds five group members sitting together laughing and talking loudly. A new patient is sitting alone and appears quiet and sullen. The therapist notices bandages wrapped around the new patient's wrists. One of the group members tells the therapist the patient is new to the unit and none of them even know her name. After introductions, the therapist should A. invite the new patient to join the group and encourage other group members to share their music therapy experiences. B. proceed with the group as planned and invite the new patient to observe the group. C. orient the new patient to the policies and procedures of the treatment facility. D. ask the new patient to explain why she is in the facility and share her musical background.

A. invite the new patient to join the group and encourage other group members to share their music therapy experiences.

98. In inpatient pediatric medical care, children may begin to experience developmental delays or regression. This is MOST likely a result of A. long-term hospitalization. B. psychotropic drug use. C. unresolved feelings of anger. D. lack of interaction with peers.

A. long-term hospitalization.

105B. A music therapist is accompanying a group of clients with schizophrenia who are on an acute unit. The group is playing non-pitched percussion instruments to a popular song. To provide structure for the group, it is MOST important that the therapist A. maintain a steady beat. B. reflect the group members' various beats. C. stop the song if the tempo varies. D. improvise over the playing of the group.

A. maintain a steady beat.

99. A music therapist is facilitating a song choice and discussion intervention for adolescents in an inpatient psychiatric setting. One of the adolescents is new to the unit, and although verbal and articulate during an individual assessment, he declines to share within the group, even when his preferred song is played. The MOST likely reason for this behavior is that the adolescent A. may be guarded and not willing to share because he does not yet feel comfortable with others in the group. B. has low tolerance for the song choices of others in the group and is being quiet out of frustration. C. has difficulty expressing his thoughts, feelings, and insights and may not have anything to add to the discussion. D. may be experiencing active symptoms of psychosis in which he has difficulty concentrating on the music.

A. may be guarded and not willing to share because he does not yet feel comfortable with others in the group.

125B. Using rhythmic movement as a therapeutic technique to address gait dysfunctions aligns MOST directly with which of the following treatment approaches? A. neurological B. behavioral C. humanistic D. developmental

A. neurological

93. A music therapist is leading a group of children with an array of developmental disabilities. The therapist pays close attention to whether the clients seem bored or frustrated at different points of the session. Which of the following is the music therapist monitoring to ensure the children's success? A. pacing B. structure C. environment D. curriculum

A. pacing

48B. The MOST discriminating musical experience to assess a client's fine motor skills would be to ask the client to A. play a scale on the piano. B. strum the strings on an Autoharp®. C. imitate rhythms on the tambourine. D. march and clap in rhythm to a song.

A. play a scale on the piano.

66B. An ego defense mechanism in which an individual attributes desires and impulses to others is A. projection. B. assimilation. C. dissociation. D. rationalization.

A. projection.

37B. The theory that personalities are shaped and motivated by conscious and unconscious forces, with a strong influence from childhood experiences is A. psychodynamic. B. cognitive. C. holistic. D. existential.

A. psychodynamic.

7B. "Since her admission, Mary has spent most of her time in her room and has not participated in unit activities." Under which assessment domain would this statement MOST likely be found? A. psychosocial B. emotional C. communicative D. sensorimotor

A. psychosocial

122B. When working to sustain the attention of a child during a medical procedure, the MOST important attribute of the music to consider is A. rate of change. B. dynamic range. C. mode. D. tempo.

A. rate of change.

50. A music therapist working with a mental health group facilitates an opening song in which clients are asked to participate verbally by stating their names. This exercise primarily assesses A. reality orientation. B. affective state. C. musical behavior. D. sensorimotor skills.

A. reality orientation.

32. Which of the following are common symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? A. recurring nightmares, sleeplessness, and emotional numbness B. excessive crying, overdependence on others, and regression C. self-injurious behavior, excessive talking, and lack of focus D. hypertension, low muscle tone, and palpitations

A. recurring nightmares, sleeplessness, and emotional numbness

70. A music therapist is working with a respiratory therapist to regulate a patient's breathing during weaning from the mechanical ventilator. Which of the following would be the MOST effective? A. rhythmic music matched to the patient's target breathing rate B. patient-preferred music to calm the patient C. music to support imagery during weaning from ventilation D. music to distract the patient from the ventilator

A. rhythmic music matched to the patient's target breathing rate

40. A music therapist is assisting a terminally ill client who is preparing for his impending death. The BEST choice of music for the client's final hours is music that has been A. selected by the client. B. designed to elicit relaxation. C. selected previously by the family or significant others. D. designed for spiritual transformation.

A. selected by the client.

73B. What is a programmatic consideration to be addressed during the initial treatment planning phase? A. selection or design of a data collection system to use during treatment B. documentation of each patient interaction including telephone calls, faxes, e-mails, and missed calls C. assessment and identification of the potential benefits and detriments of termination D. required involvement of the client and family members in the treatment planning process

A. selection or design of a data collection system to use during treatment

114. A music therapist is arranging the music therapy setting prior to conducting a reminiscence group for four clients diagnosed with dementia. To facilitate the clients' therapeutic involvement, the BEST arrangement for the chairs is a A. semicircle with the therapist facing the group. B. straight line with the therapist facing the group. C. circle with the therapist sitting between the clients. D. circle with the therapist sitting in the middle of the circle.

A. semicircle with the therapist facing the group.

66. A music therapist is completing an assessment for a 5-year-old girl with Rett Syndrome. Which of the following music therapy assessment experiences would BEST assess the client's motor skills? A. singing a rhythmic marching tune while the client plays a maraca B. observing the client's facial expressions while she listens to a recording of her preferred music C. recording the number of vocalizations as the client sings her favorite song D. presenting the client with instrument choices and observing her nonverbal communication

A. singing a rhythmic marching tune while the client plays a maraca

21. A music therapist is planning a session for a group of residents in a nursing home, focusing on reality orientation and reminiscence. To increase the number of reminiscent statements that the residents make during the session, the music therapist should plan to focus their attention on A. singing client-preferred songs from the residents' young adult years. B. viewing sentimental album covers from various decades. C. playing popular musical instruments from the residents' teenage years. D. interviewing each other about musical events they attended in their youth.

A. singing client-preferred songs from the residents' young adult years.

59B. A client with early-stage Alzheimer's who is a resident in a nursing home is very withdrawn and appears to be out of touch with what is happening around her. A music therapist is attempting to assess her musical responses by playing and singing songs from a variety of popular styles and eras. Which of the following client responses MOST actively indicates her familiarity with a given style of music? A. singing the words to a song along with the therapist B. looking at the therapist while the therapist sings C. gently tapping her foot to the rhythm of the music D. straightening her posture

A. singing the words to a song along with the therapist

34. A group of clients in an outpatient mental health setting have verbalized that they lack healthy support systems. Which of the following interventions BEST addresses this within the music therapy context? A. songwriting that focuses on qualities of positive relationships B. group singing of popular songs chosen by the group members C. rhythmic improvisation within a framework provided by the music therapist D. structured group movement exercises to upbeat and rhythmic music

A. songwriting that focuses on qualities of positive relationships

100. When using music to facilitate and enhance functional movements, it is MOST important to provide music that A. supports the temporal, spatial, and muscular dynamics of the movement. B. has been chosen by the client as their preferred music for movement. C. promotes movement exploration through varying rhythmic patterns. D. provides a novel experience to motivate, focus, and engage the client.

A. supports the temporal, spatial, and muscular dynamics of the movement.

15B. A music therapist is conducting a group of clients playing a I-IV-V chordal accompaniment on tone bars. The music therapist arranges the clients in three groups, one for each chord. Which of the following is the MOST important conducting gesture? A. tempo B. dynamics C. meter D. phrasing

A. tempo

53B. During an initial music therapy assessment of an individual who is comatose, the presentation of loud and abrupt auditory stimuli is used to assess A. the startle reflex. B. auditory localization. C. auditory comprehension. D. the entrainment response.

A. the startle reflex.

19. A music therapist in private practice has been working with an adult outpatient client for a year and all goals have been met. Ongoing assessment indicates no new goals and the client has been functioning well for some time now. As the music therapist prepares the client for termination, which of the following are important to consider? A. treatment summary of the client's progress, date for the last session, and recognition of feelings regarding termination B. recognition of feelings regarding termination, transition plan to another expressive arts therapy, and date for the last session C. treatment summary of the client's progress, date for the last session, and summary of music therapist's feelings about the client D. recognition of feelings regarding termination, date for the last session, and summary of client's goals and progress to the client's f

A. treatment summary of the client's progress, date for the last session, and recognition of feelings regarding termination

102B. An 18-year-old client who functions on the low end of the autism spectrum will be moving into a group home in another town after living with his family his entire life. He has been receiving music therapy services for 15 years but will no longer receive music therapy in his new setting. To help the client express his feelings about the upcoming move and the termination of his music therapy services, the music therapist should A. use improvisation to allow the client to explore and express his emotions. B. engage the client in a series of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) sessions to target loss through discussion of feelings. C. develop lyric analysis handouts using blues songs to prepare the client to face and express sadness related to the upcoming loss. D. take the client to participate in his hometown Very Special Arts Choir to help with his transition.

A. use improvisation to allow the client to explore and express his emotions.

95B. During a music therapy session, clients hospitalized for chemical dependency express mixed emotions concerning the recent suicide of a former group member. To facilitate the grieving process, the music therapist should FIRST A. validate and normalize the group's responses through music. B. provide music relaxation training to redirect the clients' attention. C. engage the group in songwriting about suicide prevention. D. compose and rehearse a song for the memorial service.

A. validate and normalize the group's responses through music.

63B. A music therapist is required to work with a child with autism while he is in class because of lack of available space. Which spacial arrangements would BEST maximize the child's engagement? A. work in a corner behind partitions B. work by the door without partitions C. work in the center surrounded by partitions D. work at his desk without partitions

A. work in a corner behind partitions

Pseudophobia

An intense, rational fear

129B. A music therapist is working with a group of adult inpatients with psychiatric disorders. The group has expressed feelings of guilt and hopelessness and are exploring these feelings in the music therapy setting. Which of the following techniques are MOST appropriate for the therapist working from a cognitive approach? 1. lyric analysis 2. imagery and music 3. relaxation and music 4. songwriting A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 4 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 3 and 4 only

B. 1 and 4 only

58. Under HIPAA Privacy Rules, a music therapist must remove which of the following types of data when "de-identifying" client information? 1. the client's street address 2. the client's social security number 3. the client's state of residence 4. the client's email address A. 1, 2, and 3 only B. 1, 2, and 4 only C. 1, 3, and 4 only D. 2, 3, and 4 only

B. 1, 2, and 4 only

6B. A 7-year-old girl with a severe developmental disability is receiving music therapy in a residential setting. She is nonverbal and prone to be fearful and anxious in new situations. When brought into the therapy room for her first session, she actively resists and begins to cry. The music therapist, working in an improvisational model, might do which of the following? 1. Meet the child by playing music to express the intensity of her crying. 2. Reflect the child's sound and breathing with careful musical phrasing. 3. Comfort the child by holding and rocking her while singing soothing lyrics. 4. Sing without words so the child hears another voice that corresponds to how she is feeling. A. 1, 2, and 3 only B. 1, 2, and 4 only C. 1, 3, and 4 only D. 2, 3, and 4 only

B. 1, 2, and 4 only

94B. A music therapist wishes to obtain assessment data on a school age girl who is in foster care. The child has been recommended for music therapy services in her home. The music therapist should use which of the following resources? 1. reports from her primary teacher 2. questionnaire completed by a foster parent 3. interview with the biological mother 4. observation of the child in the home environment A. 1, 2, and 3 only B. 1, 2, and 4 only C. 1, 3, and 4 only D. 2, 3, and 4 only

B. 1, 2, and 4 only

A music therapist has been invited to conduct several sessions for a spirituality group at the local hospice. This group is comprised of individuals from several faith traditions. The therapist has selected three experiences to present to the group: 1. structured improvisation on pitched and nonpitched percussion instruments to familiar pentatonic songs 2. discussion of preferred musical selections that have spiritual significance 3. improvisaton of chants to client-generated, life affirming statements In which order should the above exercises be offered to establish rapport quickly and to maximize the group's comfort level with the music experiences? A. 3,2,1 B. 1,2,3 C. 1,3,2 D. 2,3,1

B. 1,2,3

10B. A song on the guitar in the key of C needs to be transposed to the key of Eb. Using first position fingering in the key of C, the therapist needs to place the capo on the A. 2nd fret. B. 3rd fret. C. 5th fret. D. 7th fret.

B. 3rd fret.

A young, adult client with a mild mental impairment calls the music therapist's home to explain her absence from several group sessions. The client states she has had leg surgery and also lost her stepfather to a sudden illness. How should the therapist BEST respond to her call? A. Briefly acknowledge the client's concerns and direct the conversation to a lighter subject. B. Acknowledge the client's feelings and suggest they talk at the next scheduled session. C. Determine if there is an immediate need and suggest she make an appointment with a counselor. D. Allow the client to express her feelings, offer her verbal support, and explore how she is coping.

B. Acknowledge the client's feelings and suggest they talk at the next scheduled session.

A detailed description of a behavior and events that are observed A. Inter-observer agreement B. Anecdotal record C. Reliability (test-retest) D. Terminal objective

B. Anecdotal record

36. A patient with late-stage dementia has aphasia, difficulty following directions, and significant memory loss. To develop a treatment plan that reflects the patient's needs and interests, which of the following should be the music therapist's FIRST action? A. Interview the patient to determine music preferences. B. Consult with the patient's caregiver to determine music preferences. C. Ask the patient to indicate preferences after listening to a variety of recorded music. D. Give the patient a questionnaire about music preferences.

B. Consult with the patient's caregiver to determine music preferences.

118B. For several months, a music therapist has conducted weekly sessions with a 45-year-old woman in outpatient oncology. They have been compiling a musical CD for her three young children as a legacy. Prior to completion of the CD, the patient is suddenly discharged to hospice. Which of the following is the therapist's BEST action? A. Bring recording equipment to hospice and complete the CD with the patient. B. Contact hospice and arrange for transition to the facility's music therapist. C. Visit the patient to inquire how to proceed with the CD. D. Do a home visit for the children and give them the unfinished CD.

B. Contact hospice and arrange for transition to the facility's music therapist.

18B. While completing an assessment on a patient who is 10 days post-stroke, a music therapist interviews the spouse to get more information. The spouse reports that the patient does not enjoy music and is not a good candidate for music therapy. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Discontinue the music therapy assessment and make recommendations to another type of therapy. B. Continue the assessment to determine if music can be used effectively with the patient. C. Use only non-musical assessment tools to avoid agitating the patient. D. Discuss the spouse's comment with the treatment team and make a team decision on how to continue.

B. Continue the assessment to determine if music can be used effectively with the patient.

69. A music therapist is writing a treatment plan for a 6-year-old student with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) addressing areas of impulse control and expressive language. The student has a tendency to become distracted during transitions between activities, frequently getting out of his chair to try to play other musical instruments in the room. Which of the following should the music therapist plan to do to help keep the student on task? A. Make sure no activity within the session lasts longer than two minutes in order to maintain the student's attention. B. Create a transition song to sing at the end of each activity that prompts the student to choose, from two options, which activity will come next. C. Offer a contingency whereby the student can engage in a preferred activity for five minutes at the end of the session if he demonstrates on-task behavior. D. Eliminate all transitions and spend the entire session focusing on one activity to remove opportunities for off-task behavior.

B. Create a transition song to sing at the end of each activity that prompts the student to choose, from two options, which activity will come next.

24B. A pianist is transposing a piece of music backward through the circle of fifths. The pianist is now playing in the key of E major. Two key changes later, the pianist should be playing in the key of A. A major. B. D major. C. F major. D. F# major.

B. D major.

68B. A boy with autism is receiving music therapy services. The mother reports that each time he watches television, he prefers the volume to be extremely high. This is difficult for the family to tolerate. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST response? A. Establish experiences that provide emotional expression between the mother and child. B. Develop interventions to address discriminating and manipulating different auditory stimuli. C. Promote exercises that utilize only quiet, less boisterous instrumentation. D. Create experiences that allow the music to be loud at all times, as this is preferred by the client.

B. Develop interventions to address discriminating and manipulating different auditory stimuli.

31. A 6-year-old client with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is consistently meeting his communication goals during music therapy sessions, but the family reports that music therapy is the only place where the child willingly engages in his environment. To facilitate transfer of progress into the client's everyday life, which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Explain to the family that it is typical for children with ASD to not transfer behaviors from therapy. B. Discuss ways the family can independently integrate music at home to encourage interaction. C. Continue current music therapy interventions, to enforce stronger brain connections. D. Explore ways to incorporate additional musical involvement through adaptive music lessons.

B. Discuss ways the family can independently integrate music at home to encourage interaction.

108B. A client with Narcissistic Personality Disorder is receiving group music therapy services. When one of the other group members announces she has been diagnosed with cancer, the client responds by asking the music therapist to change the subject. Which of the following should the music therapist do to BEST address the needs of the client with Narcissistic Personality Disorder? A. Offer opportunities for emotional expression through instrumental improvisation. B. Engage the group in musical experiences that encompass emotional mirroring and reflection. C. Encourage the client to engage in lyric analysis of a preferred song. D. Present the client with opportunities to direct a group improvisation.

B. Engage the group in musical experiences that encompass emotional mirroring and reflection.

46B. A teenage client diagnosed with a conduct disorder was referred to music therapy for anger management. During assessment, the client is angry about being required to attend music therapy and states he likes gangsta rap. The music therapist is not familiar with gangsta rap, but dislikes rap music. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Expose the client to a variety of music to enhance his appreciation for different styles. B. Familiarize herself with gangsta rap to find music to which the client can relate. C. Explain to the client her dislike of rap and encourage him to pick another style of music. D. Explain to the client that gangsta rap is counterproductive to the therapeutic process.

B. Familiarize herself with gangsta rap to find music to which the client can relate.

A graduating senior in a special-needs program is preparing to make the transition from school to work. The student expresses anxiety about leaving the school chorus and the music therapist who directs it. The therapist can BEST facilitate this transition by acknowledging the student's feelings and A. Discussing anxiety issues with the student's future employer. B. Helping the student identify community music resources. C. Helping the student to find friends in the workplace. D. Continuing to provide the student with music therapy sessions

B. Helping the student identify community music resources.

116. A hospice patient shares that she is very spiritual and misses the community feeling she experienced while attending worship services on Sundays. Which of the following would BEST address the patient's needs? A. Provide live spiritual music that the patient enjoys. B. Invite the chaplain and patient's family to the next session. C. Validate the patient's thoughts and feelings. D. Stream live worship services online during the session.

B. Invite the chaplain and patient's family to the next session.

Individual music therapy sessions have been initiated for a young nonverbal child diagnosed with autism. The child spends much of the time exploring the room, touching the walls, and moving objects in a chaotic manner. Which of the following should the music therapist concentrate on FIRST? A. Increasing the child's attention span through listening experiences requiring discrimination of the instrument heard B. Making contact with the child by reflecting the child's actions and mood through improvisation C. Developing compliance for in-seat behaviors through positive reinforcement D. Decreasing stereotypical motor behaviors by giving the child an instrument

B. Making contact with the child by reflecting the child's actions and mood through improvisation

17. During a music therapy session a client has a grand mal seizure. Which of the following should be the music therapist's FIRST action? A. Leave the room to call for help. B. Move harmful objects away from the client. C. Restrain the client by holding his arms and legs. D. Put something between the client's teeth.

B. Move harmful objects away from the client.

A music therapist is completing an assessment on a patient in a skilled nursing facility. The therapist observes this patient has a flat affect when interacting with others, demonstrates rigidity in turning when participating in movement activities, experiences tremors while holding instruments, and walks with a shuffling gait while returning to her room. The therapist should expect which of the following diagnoses in the patient's chart? A. Alzheimer's disease B. Parkinson's disease C. Traumatic brain injury D. Rheumatoid arthritis

B. Parkinson's disease

A music therapist on a rehabilitation unit is assessing new patient who has paraplegia to determine the patient's musical background and preferences. Which of the following is the BEST method for the therapist to use? A. Patient improvisation B. Patient interview C. Family interview D. Chart review

B. Patient interview

In an educational setting, all of the following are sources for assessment data EXCEPT A. Client Consultation B. Peer Interview C. The School Record D. Clinical Observation

B. Peer Interview

35. A military veteran undergoing treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is enrolled in beginning guitar lessons with a volunteer instructor at the Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital where he receives his treatment. The veteran experiences recurrent distressing memories of his combat experiences, hypervigilance, and difficulty experiencing positive emotions. The veteran tells the music therapist during a large group session that he is enjoying guitar lessons and is using the guitar to relieve stress. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Give the guitar instructor advice on what techniques to teach the veteran that will help him manage his symptoms and provide greater relaxation. B. Recommend that the veteran further explore how to use music independently for self-care in individual music therapy. C. Encourage the veteran to write songs independently with positive lyrics, so he can perform them on the guitar and retrain himself to feel happiness. D. Suggest that the veteran make a list of songs that remind him of his time in active duty and have the guitar instructor teach him to play those songs.

B. Recommend that the veteran further explore how to use music independently for self-care in individual music therapy.

42B. A music therapist supervises an intern who recently shared with the music therapy supervisor that he is transgender. The music therapy supervisor was shocked to learn this and quickly redirected the conversation to a different topic. Since then, there is a lot of uneasiness between the supervisor and the intern. The supervisor does not know how to talk to the intern about this as she feels very uncomfortable with transgender issues. She feels unsure about what gender pronouns to use and just cannot understand why someone would opt to transition. Which of the following is the supervisor's BEST action? A. Inform the intern that it may be best for him to transfer to a different internship site given the music therapist's discomfort with the situation. B. Seek supervision from a healthcare professional with expertise in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning (LGBTQ) issues. C. Read articles about LGBTQ issues and learn more about gender transitioning to be better informed. D. Meet with the student to assure him that the fact that he is transgender will not interfere with their supervisory relationship.

B. Seek supervision from a healthcare professional with expertise in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning (LGBTQ) issues.

A music therapist has begun an assessment of a client who has experience a CVA. Early assessment data shows the client is able to hold mallets and perform other physical manipulations, but experiences difficulty following verbal directions. Which of the following disciplines would be MOST appropriate for follow-up assessment? A. Physical therapy B. Speech/language therapy C. Therapeutic recreation D. Occupational therapy

B. Speech/language therapy

A developmental disorder in which there is a defect in the bony covering of the spinal cord that sometimes results in protrusion of the cord and meninges is called. A. Hydrocephalus. B. Spina bifida. C. Spinal meningitis. D. Scoliosis.

B. Spina bifida.

83. A client with Parkinson's disease is experiencing decreased volume and a breathy, hoarse quality to his voice. Which of the following interventions should the music therapist use to MOST effectively address these vocal production issues? A. Progressive muscle relaxation specifically addressing the vocal apparatus. B. Structured vocal exercises using piano accompaniment and a small pitch range. C. Singing familiar songs while varying the pitch range from high to low. D. Unstructured a cappella improvisation encouraging vocal exploration.

B. Structured vocal exercises using piano accompaniment and a small pitch range.

The comprehensive term for observing, coaching, processing, and evaluating skills of a music therapist is called. A. Reflection. B. Supervision. C. Intervention. D. Administration.

B. Supervision.

Which of the following is part of a behavioral objective? A. Theoretical framework B. Time frame C. Staff approach D. Assessment results

B. Time frame

1. A music therapist would like to compare the outcomes from a client's music therapy sessions and physical therapy sessions. Which of the following is the BEST way to do this? A. Talk to the physical therapist about how the physical therapy sessions have progressed. B. Use an appropriate standardized measurement tool that is also used in physical therapy. C. Observe one of the client's physical therapy sessions to compare progress. D. Develop a music therapy evaluation to use specifically with this client.

B. Use an appropriate standardized measurement tool that is also used in physical therapy.

85B. When using the Iso-principle with a child exhibiting hyperactive behaviors, which of the following is the BEST tempo to use when beginning a music therapy session? A. rubato B. allegro C. andante D. moderato

B. allegro

125. A music therapist is assessing adult clients with chronic psychiatric needs for possible inclusion in an outpatient music therapy psychosocial rehabilitation group. What is the BEST non-music assessment tool or procedure to use with these clients to determine appropriateness for music therapy services? A. a background survey B. an individual interview C. an intelligence test D. a personality inventory

B. an individual interview

52. At the end of an initial music therapy assessment in a skilled nursing facility, a music therapist noted that a client with Parkinson's disease who rarely had mobility issues paused at the door to the treatment room for 30 seconds, and seemed to have trouble initiating the movement necessary to walk through the door. When interpreting the results of the assessment, the MOST likely conclusion the music therapist should make is that the client may have A. already developed a strong attachment to the therapist, which should be discussed in the next session. B. been experiencing effects of changes in medication which could affect movement, and limit the accuracy of the assessment findings. C. serious deficits in fine motor skills, which should be included as a goal for music therapy treatment. D. cognitive deficits that require further evaluation using a standardized non-musical assessment tool.

B. been experiencing effects of changes in medication which could affect movement, and limit the accuracy of the assessment findings.

87B. A music therapist meets a 3-year-old client for the first time in the waiting area. The therapist will assist the client during a non-invasive procedure. The therapist bends down to the same eye level as the client, sings hello, introduces herself, and offers a few music instruments. The therapist is developing the therapeutic relationship by A. providing ongoing acknowledgement and reflection. B. building trust and rapport. C. addressing the client's feelings and thoughts. D. establishing boundaries and communicating expectations.

B. building trust and rapport.

82. A group of 25 to 36-month-old toddlers gather for a weekly music and movement group. To learn an entire dance routine, the music therapist sets a storybook to music. Dance movements are introduced one at a time, and assigned to each page as the story is sung/read. Which of the following techniques is being used to integrate movement with music? A. modeling B. chaining C. errorless learning D. group contingences

B. chaining

37. Children with Down syndrome often have mild hearing loss that can be difficult to detect. During the music therapy assessment, this hearing loss would MOST impact which of the following responses? A. social B. communicative C. emotional D. physiological

B. communicative

109. A music therapist is giving an end-of-the-school-year evaluation report for a 2nd grade student with dyslexia. The music therapist reports that the student has made significant gains during treatment; however, not all goals have been met. The music therapist also reports that the student is having difficulty with several speech sounds and has verbalized feelings of low self-worth. The music therapist's recommendations should include A. termination of music therapy services, referral for a speech and language evaluation, and a referral for counseling. B. continued music therapy services for the next school year, referral for a speech and language evaluation, and a referral for counseling. C. intermittent music therapy services for the next school year as needed, referral for an occupational therapy evaluation, and a referral for counseling. D. taking a break from music therapy for a year to focus on speech therapy and emotional concerns.

B. continued music therapy services for the next school year, referral for a speech and language evaluation, and a referral for counseling.

79B. Which of the following types of recording procedure is being used when a music therapist uses a stopwatch to time how long a child marches to music? A. event B. duration C. continuous D. fixed ratio

B. duration

72B. A client exhibits distracted, unfocused behaviors during a final session. To BEST meet the client's immediate needs prior to discharge, the music therapist should focus on the client's A. access to community resources. B. feelings about termination. C. limited attention skills. D. progress in therapy.

B. feelings about termination.

56B. In a cardiac rehabilitation program for patients who have had open heart surgery, a music therapist leads a weekly music therapy session immediately after the patients' exercise session. To BEST help the patients learn to generalize stress management skills, the music therapist should A. provide a songwriting experience in which the patients identify stressors and choose a coping strategy to try in the next session. B. guide a music-assisted relaxation experience and provide each patient with a copy of the exercise to use at home. C. lead a drum circle encouraging each patient to release stress through drumming. D. teach keyboard skills and instruct the patients to practice daily when their individual stress level is at its peak.

B. guide a music-assisted relaxation experience and provide each patient with a copy of the exercise to use at home.

3B. A 52-year-old woman hospitalized for ovarian cancer requests music therapy to help her relax and sleep. During the initial session conducted at bedtime, the client shares her fears and life story before the use of any music intervention. After validating the client's feelings, the BEST direction for the music therapist to take is to A. discuss favorite songs important to the client's life. B. improvise soft guitar music to help the client go to sleep. C. compose a song together reflecting the client's disclosure. D. close the session and bring the client's favorite music to follow-up visits.

B. improvise soft guitar music to help the client go to sleep.

60. A music therapist facilitates a music experience in which the client plays an instrument while the music therapist plays the piano, pauses when the music therapist stops playing, and waits to continue when the music therapist resumes playing. Which of the following is the MOST likely goal of this intervention? A. nonverbal expression B. impulse control C. auditory discrimination D. motor skills

B. impulse control

77. To produce a bass sound on a djembe, the instrument should be struck A. on the edge. B. in the middle. C. close to the edge. D. on the side.

B. in the middle.

2. A music therapist is working with a client who is depressed and withdrawn. In an improvisational dyad, the music therapist gradually changes the tempo, range, and articulation, while reflecting and supporting any change in playing by the client. Which of the following is the music therapist MOST likely attempting to encourage? A. improvement in sustained attention B. increased emotional expressiveness C. demonstration of sensory awareness D. response to musical behavioral cues

B. increased emotional expressiveness

78. A music therapist records observations of a client's self-stimulatory behaviors every 2 minutes. This type of recording is referred to as A. continuous. B. interval. C. duration. D. event.

B. interval.

85. During an assessment, a music therapist observes that a client responds better to visual cues than verbal directions and excels while using a hands-on approach to manipulate objects. How should the music therapist categorize this type of information? A. preference B. learning styles C. clinical history D. resources

B. learning styles

72. Which of the following adaptations would BEST allow a client who has a weak palmar grasp to play the xylophone? A. Velcro® shaker B. mallet cuff C. weighted glove D. instrument mount

B. mallet cuff

57. A music therapy treatment approach that focuses on how music interventions stimulate the brain to influence a client's affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor behaviors is A. psychodynamic. B. neurologic. C. holistic. D. behavioral.

B. neurologic.

27B. A music therapist audio records all songs written and performed by her clients. The music therapist is presenting a case study at a national conference about her work with a female client who experienced domestic abuse. However the music therapist is no longer working with the client. In order for the music therapist to present this case study, including audio recordings, the music therapist must A. acquire permission from the client for the presentation of the audio recordings only. B. obtain consent from the client for the presentation of the case study and the audio recordings of the song. C. disguise the identity of the client in any materials presented at the conference so that client consent is not needed. D. inform the conference attendees that consent could not be obtained because the therapeutic relationship had been terminated.

B. obtain consent from the client for the presentation of the case study and the audio recordings of the song.

129. A music therapist in a hospice setting is supervising a music therapy intern who is halfway through the internship. The intern has had two visits with his first patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The patient is declining quickly and can no longer speak or swallow. The intern appears increasingly distraught and has begun creating excuses to avoid returning to this patient. The supervisor has learned that the intern's father was recently diagnosed with ALS. The supervisor should A. reassign the patient to another therapist. B. offer support and guidance. C. encourage the intern to share his personal experience with the patient. D. refer the intern to the local ALS chapter.

B. offer support and guidance.

116B. When accompanying a client, which of the following provides the BEST structure? A. rubato B. ostinato C. staccato D. ritenuto

B. ostinato

24. When asking a client to improvise a melody using only the black keys on a piano, the music therapist should provide an accompaniment based on which of the following scales? A.ionian B. pentatonic C. whole tone D. chromatic

B. pentatonic

16B. An adult with severe, chronic asthma receives individual music therapy in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic. Treatment goals include increasing breath support and developing intercostal muscle strength to improve voice quality. When selecting song material, which of the following is the MOST crucial aspect to consider? A. client preference B. phrase length C. tessitura D. song duration

B. phrase length

105. A 14-year-old boy is referred to an outpatient music therapy group. The group is learning to play a 12-bar blues pattern using guitars, keyboards, and drums. The client's records indicate low self-esteem and difficulty processing auditory information. To engage the client quickly in the group, the therapist should A. explain the chord structure of the 12-bar blues. B. play a drum along with the client in a steady beat. C. show the client how to play the chords in first position on the guitar. D. ask the client to listen while the group plays through the 12-bar blues.

B. play a drum along with the client in a steady beat.

64. Which of the following is a method of stress reduction that involves tensing and releasing of the body? A. guided imagery. B. progressive muscle relaxation. C.autogenic training. D. systematic desensitization.

B. progressive muscle relaxation.

88B. A music therapist engages a client in a stress-relieving exercise that involves tensing and relaxing various parts of the body while listening to client-preferred sedative music. This technique is known as A. systematic desensitization. B. progressive muscle relaxation. C. autogenic training. D. applied relaxation training.

B. progressive muscle relaxation.

87. A music therapist worked with an 8-year-old patient for 2 weeks prior to a surgical procedure. To create comfort through structure and familiarity immediately preceding the surgery, the music therapist should A. use puppets or stuffed toys. B. provide known experiences in a predictable order. C. use a songwriting experience to express feelings. D. introduce a new relaxation intervention.

B. provide known experiences in a predictable order.

56. When a client reaches some of his goals in less time than expected, the music therapist should A. terminate treatment. B. revise the treatment plan. C. consult with other professionals. D. write up a treatment summary.

B. revise the treatment plan.

65. Which of the following is a diagnosis characterized by deterioration from a previous functioning level, disorganized thinking or speech, and hallucinations or delusions? A. bipolar disorder B. schizophrenia C. depressive episode D. somatization disorder

B. schizophrenia

70B. A bed-bound resident shares a room with another resident in a skilled nursing facility. Before providing music therapy services to the resident, the music therapist should A. require that the resident be moved to a private room or area during music therapy. B. seek permission from the resident to include the other resident in music therapy. C. ask the other resident to vacate the room for the duration of the music therapy session. D. turn up the volume on the other resident's television to maintain confidentiality.

B. seek permission from the resident to include the other resident in music therapy.

95. A music therapist records the following responses after the initial assessment of an infant: - When the music therapist played a maraca in front of the infant, the infant reached for the maraca. - When the music therapist played and moved a bell, the infant tracked the bell. - When the music therapist sang the infant's name, the infant kicked his legs and smiled. What domain is the music therapist primarily assessing? A. cognitive B. sensorimotor C. physiological D. emotional

B. sensorimotor

80B. The task of having children clap their hands to a rhythmic stimulus can BEST be used to assess A. fine motor skills. B. sensorimotor integration. C. affective response. D. social integration.

B. sensorimotor integration.

44B. A music therapist is facilitating group cooperation and decision making by using songwriting. A group member with low self-esteem often provides entire verses of lyrics while ignoring other members' suggestions. To facilitate the group goals, the therapist should A. implement individual sessions with the dominant group member. B. structure the task to promote an equal response from each group member. C. encourage the dominant group member to listen to other group members. D. respond to nondominant group members while ignoring the dominant group member.

B. structure the task to promote an equal response from each group member.

90B. A physical therapy department is developing a wellness exercise program. The physical therapists ask the music therapist to assist in selecting music for use during exercises for clients with gait control issues. To represent the BEST collaborative effort, the music therapist should A. request that the physical therapists determine the clients' preferred music styles and provide music in those styles. B. suggest that the music therapist co-lead the exercises with the clients. C. provide music selections that have been used successfully for movement exercises. D. request detailed descriptions of the exercise in order to select recorded music.

B. suggest that the music therapist co-lead the exercises with the clients.

49B. A music therapist using the behavioral model or approach might use which of the following techniques? A. free association B. task analysis C. rhythmic auditory stimulation D. autogenic relaxation

B. task analysis

121. Which of the following are the MOST common indicators of pain in a hospice patient who is non-verbal? A. anxiety and involuntary movement of the face and jaw B. tense muscles like clenched fists and facial grimacing C. restless behavior and increased verbalizations D. eyes tightly shut and yawning

B. tense muscles like clenched fists and facial grimacing

71B. During the assessment process, it is acceptable for a music therapist to obtain client information from a A. client's social media activity. B. treatment team member. C. friend of the client. D. former counselor of the client.

B. treatment team member.

97. A music therapist is working in a hospital with an older adult patient who has Generalized Anxiety Disorder and a low tolerance for pain. The patient will be undergoing a painful medical procedure and expresses that she wants her children in the room with her during the procedure. She appears anxious before the procedure starts and is verbalizing that she is afraid of how much it is going to hurt. The music therapist should A. improvise music to distract the patient from her anxiety, and redirect her focus to the procedure. B. use familiar music to engage the patient and decrease her fears so her pain perception will be diminished. C.invite the family members to participate by singing along so the patient feels supported. D. talk the patient through the procedure and provide relaxing music after it is completed.

B. use familiar music to engage the patient and decrease her fears so her pain perception will be diminished.

124. Asking a client to play back five notes that were just played on a piano addresses A. episodic memory. B. working memory. C. semantic memory. D. long-term memory.

B. working memory.

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Blunt/flat affect, avolition (lack of energy, spontaneity, or initiative), anhedonia (lack of interest in pleasurable activities), and attention deficit (difficulty with focusing)

108. A music therapist is writing objectives for a client whose goal is to increase self-esteem. Which of the following is an example of a measurable objective? A. "Client will display a brighter affect over the course of one session by April 15." B. "Client will improve feelings of worth and belonging by April 15." C. "Client will state a positive personal quality within one session by April 15." D. "Client will demonstrate a sense of pride after music improvisation by April 15."

C. "Client will state a positive personal quality within one session by April 15."

75B. Which of the following responsibilities does a music therapist have to a client during a treatment evaluation? 1. analysis of all available data to determine the effectiveness of therapy 2. reliance on anecdotal information from non-music therapy professionals 3. communication with the client, client's family, caregivers, or personal network 4. recommendations and referrals as indicated A. 1, 2, and 3 only B. 1, 2, and 4 only C. 1, 3, and 4 only D. 2, 3, and 4 only

C. 1, 3, and 4 only

A misalignment of the upper spinal column that is often found in people with Down syndrome A. Hydrocephaly B. Spina bifida C. Atlantoaxial instability D. Encephalitis

C. Atlantoaxial instability

109B. A music therapist's MT-BC credential has lapsed. The therapist's employer encourages continuation of the use of the MT-BC credential when signing documents for reimbursement purposes. The therapist's BEST action is to apply for A. alternative certification to expedite the process. B. CBMT recertification and continue signing using the MT-BC. C. CBMT recertification and sign without the MT-BC until obtained. D. CBMT lifelong certification to ensure ongoing reimbursement.

C. CBMT recertification and sign without the MT-BC until obtained.

A music therapist is working with several clients who are learning to play a variety of guitars. They have advanced in their skills and are ready for group performance. When performing together, one member becomes very excited and begins to play louder than the others. He does not respond to the therapist's cues to play softer. To achieve musical balance within this group, which of the following guitars should the therapist ask this client to play? A. Three-quarter size B. Steel string C. Classical D. 12-string

C. Classical

A 4-year-old child in a pre-school for children at-risk demonstrates an inability to focus in weekly music therapy sessions and other group activities. he has begun to strike out at others and makes sexual comments, using the word "pimp" frequently. Over 3 weeks, this behavior has escalated and resulted in broken supplies and equipment. Which of the following should the music therapist document? A. Client continues to lack focus in music therapy session, uses the word "pimp" in a threatening nature, and laughs inappropriately. B. Client's behavior is deteriorating, and he is no longer appropriate for music therapy. C. Client demonstrates poor attention span. In addition to an increase in sexual comments, he is striking out at others and has damaged supplies. D. Client believes himself to be a "gangsta" and lashes out inappropriately at others.

C. Client demonstrates poor attention span. In addition to an increase in sexual comments, he is striking out at others and has damaged supplies.

Maintenance of Board certification requires adherence to the CBMT's A. Standards of Best Practice B. Standards of Musical Competence C. Code of Professional Practice D. Code of Clinical Competence

C. Code of Professional Practice

64B. Which of the following is the BEST way to evaluate the potential of a treatment plan to meet a client's needs? A. Schedule a meeting with the client. B. Discuss with another music therapist. C. Consult with the client's interdisciplinary team. D. Schedule a meeting with the client's family.

C. Consult with the client's interdisciplinary team.

A music therapist has observed a colleague falsifying continuing education documents. The therapist should FIRST A. Consult with the colleague's supervisor. B. Report the action the facility's ethics committee. C. Consult with the colleague involved. D. Report the action to the colleague's professional organization.

C. Consult with the colleague involved.

67. Which of the following interventions MOST directly addresses social language use? A. Write tongue twister songs using a variety of consonants and vowels. B. Stimulate spontaneous completion of song lyrics in a familiar song. C. Create a musical improvisation that simulates a question/answer dialogue. D. Have client play a drum while following the dynamic changes in the music.

C. Create a musical improvisation that simulates a question/answer dialogue.

45B. In a score, if a Bb trumpet is notated in the key of E, the piano is played in the key of A. F# B. Bb C. D. D. Ab.

C. D.

A music therapist is playing a CD with lively music that contains a driving beat. A young client who has never been known by the therapist to have a seizure experiences one during this intervention. Which of the following is the BEST course of action for the music therapist in response to this occurrence? A. Conclude that the seizure was caused by the music and discontinue music therapy. B. Continue music therapy and recommend that the client see a doctor for medication. C. Discontinue music therapy until the child is evaluated by a neurologist. D. Continue with the intervention and let the teacher know that the client had a seizure during music therapy.

C. Discontinue music therapy until the child is evaluated by a neurologist.

12. A music therapist is working with a group of young women with eating disorders. The goal is to verbalize thoughts and feelings. The music therapist wants to lead a group vocal improvisation, but the women find it difficult to use their voices in a free and expressive way. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action to prepare the group for vocal improvisation? A. Have each woman talk to the group about her fears. B. Let the group pick songs they especially like to sing together. C. Do a vocal call-and-response with the therapist leading. D. Help them write a group song using words from each woman.

C. Do a vocal call-and-response with the therapist leading.

22. A music therapist is working with an adult inpatient psychiatric group. The therapist is leading an instrument improvisation experience and notices that one of the men in the group begins breathing rapidly and beating his drum very intensely. He gets up from his chair, throws his drum to the floor, starts pacing around and hitting his mallet aggressively on chairs in the circle. Which of the following should be the music therapist's FIRST action? A. Ask the client to pick up the drum and return it to the instrument box. B. Tell the client he needs to leave the group immediately and not return until he has calmed down. C. Ensure the group members' safety and call for help from another staff member. D. Ignore the client's behavior as he will work through it on his own.

C. Ensure the group members' safety and call for help from another staff member.

43B. During initial assessment, a client answers questions about her spirituality and states, "I am very spiritual and religious." How should the music therapist interpret this information? A. Recognize that spiritual music is specific to each region of the United States and provide music accordingly. B. Since the music therapist is also spiritual and religious, she can assume that the client shares the same spiritual belief system. There is no need to further explore the client's perspective. C. Explore what the client means by "spiritual and religious" and openly discuss the client's point of view. D. Determine what the client means by "spiritual and religious" and initiate a discussion about the merits of each spiritual belief system.

C. Explore what the client means by "spiritual and religious" and openly discuss the client's point of view.

112. A music therapist is in a session with an adult patient on an oncology unit at a general hospital. A nurse asks the music therapist to monitor and record the patient's vitals because she needs to attend to another patient. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST response? A. Agree to help the nurse monitor and record the patient's vital signs. B. Decline the nurse's request and keep working with the patient. C. Inform the nurse that this is out of the scope of practice for music therapy. D. Look for another staff member to record the patient's vital signs.

C. Inform the nurse that this is out of the scope of practice for music therapy.

A music therapist is seeing a bereaved 3-year-old child whose mother recently died. The child is afraid to go to sleep at night and repeatedly asks questions. She frequently states, "I killed mommy." The child is MOST likely demonstrating A. Awareness of Feelings B. Concrete Thinking C. Magical Thinking D. Awareness of Memories

C. Magical Thinking

Which of the following group music experiences would Best develop a client's social skills? A. Music-assisted relaxation B. Computer-generated composition C. Music video production D. Keyboard lessons

C. Music video production

84B. A 13-year-old client with autism is brought to his initial music therapy session. According to his record, he shows tactile defensiveness and has limited verbal ability. On entering the room, he walks around its perimeter looking at his hand as he runs it along the wall. In the room there is a piano, a drum, and a xylophone. Which of the following is the BEST initial approach for working with this client? A. Take him by the hand and lead him to the instruments. B. Verbally welcome him and invite him to the piano. C. Observe and musically reflect his responses to the environment. D. Ignore his behavior and begin playing march music on the piano.

C. Observe and musically reflect his responses to the environment.

23B. Which of the following types of scales on the keyboard uses only black keys? A. Aeolian B. Ionian C. Pentatonic D. Lydian

C. Pentatonic

104B. A child with ADHD has been referred to a music therapist for an assessment. The child's mother requested that the child be placed in a group setting to work on social interaction. During assessment, the child demonstrates extreme difficulty with movement and emotional regulation. Based on the assessment observations, which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Provide the child with group therapy placement to offer opportunities for regulation needs. B. Place the child in a group therapy environment to provide social interaction. C. Recommend the child receive individual sessions to address regulation needs before group placement. D. Determine the child would not benefit from music therapy at this time.

C. Recommend the child receive individual sessions to address regulation needs before group placement.

An objective reads: "Within 6 weeks, the client will demonstrate on-task behavior by playing the drum for 2 consecutive minutes in three of four trials." Which of the following data collection procedures will BEST document the client's progress toward this objective? A. Count the number of beats per minute the client plays on a drum for each trial. B. Record the amount of time the client is off-task during each session. C. Record the amount of time the client engages in drum playing for each trial. D.Count the number of times the client engages in drum playing during each session.

C. Record the amount of time the client engages in drum playing for each trial.

20. A music therapy referral is made for a 31-week-old premature infant in the NICU. To ensure the music therapist is following current guidelines for clinical practice, which of the following is the therapist's BEST course of action when completing the treatment plan? A. Determine the goals and objectives with the nursing staff. B. Consult with the interdisciplinary team for best practices. C. Research clinical literature for evidence-based protocol. D. Ask the parents or caregivers for additional information.

C. Research clinical literature for evidence-based protocol.

89. A patient is admitted to an acute psychiatric unit for treatment of depression 4 months after experiencing a stroke which left him with severe dysarthria. The family approaches a music therapist because they have heard about a technique which uses music to address dysarthria, and they would like the music therapist to assess whether the client would be a good candidate. The music therapist is not familiar with the technique or current assessment procedures in this area. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Research current assessment procedures and conduct the assessment. B. Ask a speech-language pathologist in the community for an assessment recommendation. C. Search for a music therapist trained in this area and refer the family at discharge. D. Offer an alternative music therapy technique that the therapist is trained to implement.

C. Search for a music therapist trained in this area and refer the family at discharge.

74. During a weekly hospice visit, a client and her daughter give a piece of piano sheet music to a music therapist, stating that it was a favorite of the client's deceased husband. The music therapist is unfamiliar with the song. Noticing that the client appears eager to hear the song, which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Decline to play the song, stating that it is unfamiliar. B. Assure the client that the song will be played the following session. C. Sight read the piece, playing a reduced piano part. D. Suggest another song that the client likes.

C. Sight read the piece, playing a reduced piano part.

34B. A music therapist working with a premature infant is introducing auditory stimulation. While the therapist is humming, the infant begins to show signs of distress and overstimulation. Which of the following should be the music therapist's FIRST response? ​ A. Call the nurse. B. Rock the infant. C. Stop the humming. D. Sing a lullaby.

C. Stop the humming.

A document that includes a summative statement of therapeutic services received, progress toward specified goals and objectives, and recommendations for follow-up as related to the individual treatment plan represents what phase of therapy? A. Referral B. Treatment C. Termination D. Assessment

C. Termination

38B. Which of the following is a preferred use of language in treatment documentation? A. The client suffered abuse. B. The client is a victim of abuse. C. The client experienced abuse. D. The client was subjected to abuse.

C. The client experienced abuse.

12B. A music therapist working with a group of four children at an early intervention facility arrives to find the class is very excited, having just come in from the playground. Which of the following is the MOST important consideration when choosing a music selection to begin the session? A. a familiar song B. an unfamiliar song C. a song with an allegro tempo D. a song with an adagio tempo

C. a song with an allegro tempo

30B. A new music therapist with specialized training moves into a community that has only three music therapists, each of whom has a large waiting list. These music therapists are only available to provide services on a weekly basis, but many of the clients would like to receive services more than once a week. After the new music therapist runs an advertisement in the local newspaper about opening his private clinic, several of these clients contact him about services. The new music therapist should A. schedule these new clients and then notify their other music therapists that he is able to help them serve the community and will be working with their clients. B. suggest that the clients switch from their current therapists to him to allow continuity of service provision across the week from the same provider. C. accept these clients only after speaking with their current music therapists about the situation. D. offer suggestions to the clients about how to approach their current therapists to obtain referrals for provision of specialized music therapy services.

C. accept these clients only after speaking with their current music therapists about the situation.

122. In a group music therapy session on an adult psychiatric unit, a client becomes upset with another and starts to escalate, yelling and threatening to harm him. The music therapist has a good rapport with the angry client. Initially, the music therapist should A. call the unit for staff to come and remove him from the session, then discharge him from the group. B. tell him he needs to leave immediately and follow up with writing a termination note in his chart. C. attempt to redirect the client and ask him to communicate his feelings verbally or musically. D. offer him hand percussion from which to pick and ask him to improvise feelings with the other client.

C. attempt to redirect the client and ask him to communicate his feelings verbally or musically.

128. A music therapist in private practice has been asked to complete a music therapy assessment for a first grade student enrolled in a public school who has an Individualized Educational Program (IEP). In order to BEST communicate the results of the assessment, the music therapist should A. complete a written report, and email it to the school principal. B. telephone the school IEP team leader and summarize the assessment results. C. attend the IEP meeting to give a written and oral summary of the results. D. give a written report to the parent who can pass it on the IEP team.

C. attend the IEP meeting to give a written and oral summary of the results.

123. After a music therapist introduces a client to a variety of rhythm instruments, the client is asked to identify each of the instruments as it is being played behind a screen. This exercise requires the patient to practice A. aesthetic sensitivity. B. divided attention. C. auditory perception. D. impulse control.

C. auditory perception.

14. A music therapist is aware of what she is thinking and feeling during the session and can communicate this to clients when appropriate. This is an example of developing the therapeutic relationship by being A. reflective. B. clinical. C. authentic. D. accessible.

C. authentic.

96. To fully assess a client for music therapy services, a music therapist should use A. a variety of musical assessment procedures. B. non-musical standardized assessment tools. C. both musical and non-musical assessments. D. existing assessment tools and procedures.

C. both musical and non-musical assessments.

53. During a music therapy experience, which of the following is the term used to describe two or more processes being joined together systematically, one at a time? A. fading B. reinforcement C. chaining D. generalization

C. chaining

8B. When playing a familiar song with a young client, which of the following therapeutic exercises will MOST effectively increase sustained attention? A. altering note order B. varying key signature C. changing note duration D. modifying time signature

C. changing note duration

82B. Termination of music therapy treatment is appropriate when the A. client has lost interest in the treatment. B. therapist is unable to establish a good rapport with the client. C. client has met all outcome criteria. D. client has stopped making progress toward current goals.

C. client has met all outcome criteria.

74B. At the conclusion of treatment, a music therapist should document all of the following EXCEPT the A. termination plan. B. follow-up procedures. C. client's family history. D. client's current functioning.

C. client's family history.

25. A music therapist is working with a group of students with developmental disabilities. The music therapist teaches the children a song about the names of the colors to build skills in which of the following areas? A. affective B. motor C. cognitive D. social

C. cognitive

88. A music therapist is preparing an individualized music playlist for a patient who is terminally ill. Which of the following is the MOST clinically useful information about the patient for the music therapist to consider? A. musical skills B. medication regimen C. cultural background D. family support structure

C. cultural background

61. A music therapist asks a client to close her eyes, presents a musical tone, and asks the client which direction the sound is coming from. The music therapist is assessing the client's auditory A. motor matching. B. sequencing. C. discrimination. D. sensitivity.

C. discrimination.

28. A music therapist in an outpatient clinic leads a group of four adult clients with mental health issues such as schizophrenia and mood disorders. Each session includes instrumental improvisation with an opportunity for verbal processing afterwards. In one session the music begins softly, out of tempo, and gradually becomes more rhythmic and dissonant. The intensity of the music builds as both the tempo and volume increase, with everyone joining in, and gradually dies down before coming to an end. Afterwards, client A says the music was frightening. Client B states she had an image of being on the beach, listening to the waves. Client C comments that the music made him feel anxious. Client D says she found the music peaceful and calming. The BEST conclusion that the music therapist can draw from this discussion is that A. the improvisation did not enhance group cohesion. B. the group members did not listen to one another's playing. C. each person had his or her own subjective experience. D. the clients needed more direction in the improvisation.

C. each person had his or her own subjective experience.

117B. If a music therapist has a sound recording, but no sheet music, the BEST strategy to determine the chord progression is to focus on the A. lead guitar. B. lead singer. C. electric bass. D. back-up vocals.

C. electric bass.

115. A music therapy production is planned for presentation to clients, staff, and guests at an institution. The music therapist is asked to design a printed program providing recognition to the participating clients. The therapist must A. provide a printed program for the clients only. B. decline to print the program because of the potential breach of confidentiality. C. ensure that clients whose names are to be printed have signed a written release form. D. only choose clients to participate in the production who will allow the use of their names in the program.

C. ensure that clients whose names are to be printed have signed a written release form.

29B. A music therapist in a pediatric hospital uses a faces scale to assess the intensity of a 5-year-old girl's pain. Low pain is represented by a smiling face at the lower end and high pain is represented by a crying face at the upper end of the scale. The girl verbally tells the therapist that her arm is hurting "so much!" but she is not crying. When the girl is asked to circle a face on the scale, she circles a face in the middle of the scale. The BEST interpretation of this pain assessment is that the girl may be A. exaggerating the verbal description of her pain perception. B. hesitant to document her true levels of pain intensity on paper. C. experiencing a lot of pain but may not associate a crying face with her current feelings. D. confused by the scale as it is too advanced for pain assessment in young children.

C. experiencing a lot of pain but may not associate a crying face with her current feelings.

121B. Which of the following music experiences BEST promotes spatial awareness for a group of adults with developmental disabilities? A. moving freely to client-preferred music B. eliciting movement through recorded music C. facilitating structured movement through live music D. participating in an action song

C. facilitating structured movement through live music

2B. A music therapist is using ballroom dancing to facilitate intimacy in a relationship between a client, who has dementia, and his wife. During a session, the client's favorite big-band music is played, but he is having difficulty standing up and dancing with his wife. The BEST intervention would be to recommend that the wife A. watch a big-band dance video with her husband. B. sing to her husband as they sit facing one another. C. hold her husband's hands and move in time to the music. D. sit silently next to her husband while they listen to the music.

C. hold her husband's hands and move in time to the music.

27. In a group home for young male offenders, a music therapist meets weekly with a group of clients. During a session, each client is asked to pick a song recording to communicate something about themselves to the others in the group. The therapist and the group members then verbally reflect thoughts and feelings that are shared in relationship to the chosen song. It is MOST likely that the music therapist is operating from which of the following theoretical orientations? A. psychodynamic B. holistic C. humanistic D. cognitive

C. humanistic

1B. A 17 year old is demonstrating a sudden decline in grades, increased unexcused absences, and inability to concentrate when in school. Facial affect has changed from friendly to flat. When approached, the student states he is fine. Reports indicate the client responds to music, so a music therapy referral is requested. To assess possible causes of the change in behavior, a music therapist should FIRST A. observe the student in other classes. B. discuss concerns with the guidance counselor. C. identify current stressors in the student's life. D. review the student's Individualized Education Plan (IEP).

C. identify current stressors in the student's life.

71. A music therapist is working with an older adult male who leads a sedentary life style, has some interest in music, is currently medically stable, lacks strong friendships or relationships, and feels isolated after his spouse's death several years ago. Which of the following wellness programs is the MOST beneficial? A. relaxation sessions for stress management B. improvisation to address bereavement C. intergenerational choir for socialization D. music lessons for cognitive functioning

C. intergenerational choir for socialization

120B. A music therapist is assigned to conduct an initial assessment for a 12 year old who is blind and walks with a cane. Which of the following rooms would BEST enable the therapist to conduct a comprehensive assessment for this client? A. small room with carpet and storage cabinets for equipment B. medium-sized room with a suspended wooden floor and audio cabinets mounted on the wall C. large room with a concrete floor and two couches set up against the wall D. narrow room set up with tables against each wall

C. large room with a concrete floor and two couches set up against the wall

26. A music therapist writes an objective that is well-defined, specifies the criteria for the behavior, and establishes a timeline. This type of objective is A. translatable. B. defendable. C. measurable. D. enforceable.

C. measurable.

106B. Which of the following can be used to assess a client's kinesthetic perceptual abilities? A. songwriting B. ear training C. movement to music D. call and response singing

C. movement to music

50B. "As the music therapist played and sang softly at the bedside, the client became noticeably calmer, with less facial grimacing and slower, more even breathing. The music continued and the patient's facial muscles showed no tension and she seemed to fall soundly asleep, as evidenced by no active response to tactile or auditory stimuli." Based on the above documentation, the therapist should conclude that A. music increases relaxation in the client. B.the client prefers only slow and soft music. C. music appears to encourage a relaxed state in the client. D. music increases self-induced sleep in the client.

C. music appears to encourage a relaxed state in the client.

11. A music therapist is completing an initial assessment of an adult client in a hospital setting. The therapist reviews the patient chart beforehand to gather information about demographics, clinical history, and personal resources. During a brief interview with the patient, the therapist gathers information regarding cultural and spiritual background, family dynamics, and support systems. Which of the following additional information should the music therapist obtain that may affect the music therapy session with the client? A. social and interpersonal relationships B. learning styles and academic skills C. music background and preferences D. responses to tempo and pitch

C. music background and preferences

111. As a music therapist sings a hello song to a hospitalized infant, the infant orients to the music therapist's voice, makes eye contact with the music therapist, reaches for the music therapist's hand, and smiles and kicks legs upon hearing the infant's name being sung. Which of the following types of behaviors did the infant successfully display? A. auditory perception B. executive functions C. non-verbal expression D. motor skills

C. non-verbal expression

99B. A nurse has referred the mother of a 6-year-old child on the acute burn unit for music therapy services. According to the referral, the mother has withdrawn from her child and demonstrates apprehension when encouraged to interact with her. The BEST way for the music therapist to assess the current level of mother-child interaction would be through A. consultation with the social worker and the nursing staff. B. interview with the father to gain his perspective. C. observation of music-based play activities between mother and child. D. therapeutic songwriting with the child and the music therapist.

C. observation of music-based play activities between mother and child.

30. Which of the following interventions BEST addresses a goal of increased self-esteem? A. lyric analysis B. guided imagery C. performance ensemble D. music appreciation

C. performance ensemble

9B. The last portion of a music therapy SOAP note discusses which of the following? A. progress summary B. physician's recommendations C. plan for treatment D. provider's assessment

C. plan for treatment

89B. While improvising with a client, a music therapist introduces new rhythmic and melodic motives with changes in meter and key. The therapist is MOST likely attempting to A. stabilize the feelings expressed by the client. B. interpret and clarify the client's improvisation. C. redirect the client from a potentially rigid way of playing. D. reflect emotions and energy of the client's improvisation.

C. redirect the client from a potentially rigid way of playing.

91. A music therapist receives a request to take over treatment of a colleague's private client, a 4-year-old girl with a developmental delay. The colleague reports that the child was initially uncomfortable leaving the classroom to go to the treatment room with an unfamiliar person and cried and resisted. To ensure a successful transition for the client, the music therapist should A. arrive at the classroom several minutes early to allow sufficient time for the transition to the treatment room. B. arrange to co-treat with her colleague for a few sessions so that the child can get used to the music therapist. C. schedule the first session in the client's classroom to facilitate an easier adjustment to the new music therapist. D. conduct the initial session when the client's parents can also be present to provide a familiar stimulus while the client adjusts.

C. schedule the first session in the client's classroom to facilitate an easier adjustment to the new music therapist.

65B. The MOST likely goal of music therapy experiences in which clients evaluate their own music performances, is to increase A. music skills. B. social skills. C. self-awareness. D. on-task responses.

C. self-awareness.

49. Which of the following is being used when the music therapist organizes the session into a specific order, creating music experiences for the beginning, middle, and end of the session? A. fading B. chaining C. sequencing D. shaping

C. sequencing

75. A preschool aged child and her new nanny arrive late to an outpatient music clinic for a music therapy assessment. The nanny and child rush into the music room. The child begins to cry, pushes instruments away, does not follow the music therapist's directions, or answer when spoken to. The therapist should conclude that A. music therapy is contraindicated since few responses were observed. B. the child does not react well to new and unfamiliar situations. C. several factors may have impeded the accuracy of the information gathered. D. the child should be brought back in 6 months for a follow-up assessment.

C. several factors may have impeded the accuracy of the information gathered.

103. A music therapist who works with a student once a week in a school setting writes the following in the student's treatment plan: "The student will make eye contact while simultaneously greeting the music therapist in 3 out of 4 trials for 4 consecutive sessions." This is an example of a A. long-term objective. B. long-term goal. C. short-term objective. D. short-term goal.

C. short-term objective.

73. Which of the following assessment experiences will best assess a client's functioning level, strengths, and need areas to determine goals for treatment related to expressive aphasia? A. movement to music B. playing a rhythm instrument C. singing a familiar song D. improvising on the piano

C. singing a familiar song

92B. A young adult client with end-stage cancer is referred for music therapy to address feelings concerning loss of independence. To BEST encourage choice-making and instill control, the music therapist should use A. lyric analysis. B. improvisation. C. songwriting. D. guided imagery.

C. songwriting.

81. When planning a music and movement intervention for elderly adults in a skilled nursing facility, the music therapist should FIRST consider what aspect of the music? A. harmonies B. lyrics C. tempo D. dynamics

C. tempo

84. A client who is originally from a different country has undergone a traumatic experience. The music therapist encounters resistance to questions about the trauma, despite the client's willingness to engage in musical interaction. The music therapist can infer from the client's responses that A. the client does not feel the need to address the trauma in music therapy sessions. B. the therapist should be more persistent in using follow-up questions after engaging in musical interaction. C. the client's cultural group may have a different perspective regarding questions of a personal nature. D. the client may have doubts about the music therapist's ability to address the trauma.

C. the client's cultural group may have a different perspective regarding questions of a personal nature.

14B. A music therapy intern is considering referring a client to her clinical supervisor because the client demonstrates behaviors reminiscent of the intern's own domineering older sister. The client's behaviors are eliciting reactions in the intern that are reflective of her own relationship with her sister. In order to assist the intern's professional development, the clinical supervisor should suggest that A. the intern is over-identifying with the client's pathology. B. the client's transference toward the intern provides insight into the client's relationship problems. C. the intern examine how her countertransference is limiting her therapeutic objectivity. D. this experience challenges the intern's adequacy to treat this client.

C. the intern examine how her countertransference is limiting her therapeutic objectivity.

96B. When selecting a music intervention for a client, the MOST important thing to consider is A. musical preferences. B. musical ability. C. therapeutic goals. D. physical ability.

C. therapeutic goals.

45. A music therapist is working with a stroke patient who demonstrates left neglect and difficulty crossing midline. In order to address both needs through instrumental playing, the therapist should position a drum A. to the patient's right side and place a mallet in each hand. B. to the patient's right side and place a mallet in the right hand. C. to the patient's left side and place a mallet in the right hand. D. directly in front of the patient and place a mallet in the right hand.

C. to the patient's left side and place a mallet in the right hand.

15. During a music therapy session, a client demonstrates a pattern of behavioral responses towards the therapist based on a significant past relationship outside of music therapy. This is referred to as A. appropriation. B. misplacement. C. transference. D. resistance.

C. transference.

Cost-benefit ratios

Comparisons of the costs and benefits of an intervention to determine its effectiveness

68. A music therapist is working with adolescents in an inpatient psychiatric unit. The goal for the music therapy group is to improve coping skills, with an objective that the adolescents identify at least one adaptive skill they can use when in distress. Which of the following music therapy interventions would BEST facilitate this outcome? A. A lyric analysis intervention in which participants relate the lyrics of the song to their personal lives. B. A music and imagery intervention in which participants visualize successful involvement in stressful situations. C. An adaptive guitar lesson in which participants learn to accompany breathing exercises using a simple chord progression. D. A songwriting intervention in which participants write a song about things they can do to help themselves when faced with stressors.

D. A songwriting intervention in which participants write a song about things they can do to help themselves when faced with stressors.

35B. A music therapist encounters a hospice patient who is somewhat lethargic and difficult to rouse. The patient is normally alert, active, and engaging. The patient will not reach out to hold an instrument and does not verbally respond to most musical cues. The patient's music therapy objectives state that she will actively engage for the duration of the visit. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST response? A. Discontinue the music therapy session and consult with staff regarding the patient's change in ability. B. Continue prompting and cueing the patient for the duration of the visit and document findings. C. Discontinue the music, but remain with the patient for the duration of the visit to provide a supportive presence. D. Adapt the music to reflect the current needs and functioning of the patient and document findings.

D. Adapt the music to reflect the current needs and functioning of the patient and document findings.

79. A music therapist has recently started to work in a forensic setting. The music therapist was given very clear instructions concerning safety of the clients: no instruments can be brought onto the unit, including guitar, keyboard, and percussion instruments. Which of the following is the BEST action for the therapist to take? A. Question the administration about the severe restrictions. B. Bring in small instruments based on best professional judgement. C. Request permission to bring in small instruments. D. Adhere to the instructions.

D. Adhere to the instructions.

124B. A music therapist in an adult day care center is leading a large group in instrumental improvisation. The group contains clients with a wide range of cognitive impairments. Which of the following is the BEST approach to engage clients in a structured improvisation? A. Give the clients hand drums and instruct them to keep a steady beat. B. Provide a variety of instruments to clients with mild cognitive impairments, and drums to those with severe cognitive impairments. C. Assign specific instruments to clients and have them read color-coded charts. D. Allow clients to select instruments and cue them to play at specific times.

D. Allow clients to select instruments and cue them to play at specific times.

54. Which of the following standardized assessments would give a music therapist information about the client's functioning level in the sensorimotor domain? A. Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis B. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) C. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale D. Berg Balance Scale

D. Berg Balance Scale

101. In the weekly psychiatry rounds at a residential facility, team members note that a particular client avoids attending music therapy groups but attends art therapy and occupational therapy groups regularly. The music therapist, after discussion with the treatment team and the client, completes a termination plan from music therapy services. Which of the following reasons might be given for termination of services for this particular client? A. Client was discharged from the facility. B. Client made minimal progress in goal areas. C. Client attained therapeutic goals and objectives. D. Client displayed resistance to music therapy services.

D. Client displayed resistance to music therapy services.

127B. A music therapist has been hired by a facility to establish a new music therapy program. Which of the following is the MOST effective way to seek referrals? A. Send a memo to each unit explaining music therapy and requesting referrals. B. Meet with each treatment team manager and request referrals. C. Send flyers to each unit advertising music therapy services. D. Conduct a music therapy in-service for the facility staff and encourage referrals.

D. Conduct a music therapy in-service for the facility staff and encourage referrals.

38. A music therapist has been working with a client at a residential facility for children with intellectual disabilities for several years. The client was referred to music therapy due to limited communication abilities, and has made exceptional progress throughout treatment. Recently, however, the client seems to have reached a plateau and has not met an objective in several months. The music therapist has varied the strategies and techniques used with this client, but the changes have not affected the client's progress. The facility offers multiple types of therapy, but clients have limited blocks of time during which they can receive therapy services. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Continue to try other techniques until finding something that the client responds to. B. Communicate only verbally, without music, until the client makes progress. C. Conclude that the client has become resistant to music therapy. D. Consider termination of music therapy and referral to another therapy.

D. Consider termination of music therapy and referral to another therapy.

78B. During a music therapy session, a client begins to discuss a traumatic experience. This evokes a very personal response in the music therapist having experienced a similar trauma. Which of the following should the therapist do NEXT? A. Empathize with the client and disclose having had a similar experience. B. Bring the session to a close so that the music therapist can process personal reactions. C. Perform an original composition that references the music therapist's personal trauma. D. Continue the session to address the client's immediate needs and utilize supervision as needed.

D. Continue the session to address the client's immediate needs and utilize supervision as needed.

The therapist's projection of thoughts, emotions, ideas, or desires about others onto the client; e.g. A reminds me of my father. A. Maladaptive Behavior B. Transference C. Association D. Countertransference

D. Countertransference

76B. During a music therapy session, a client asks the therapist why "God afflicted me with terminal cancer." Which of the following is the therapist's MOST appropriate response? A. Explain that the illness must be God's will. B. State that her questions should be addressed by a chaplain. C. Explain that God would not deliberately afflict someone with cancer. D. Discuss the impact of illness on client's spirituality.

D. Discuss the impact of illness on client's spirituality.

33. A new music therapist is being observed by a supervisor. Before the observation begins, the supervisor asks the music therapist to complete a self-assessment of musical skills. On the assessment, the therapist checks a high rating for guitar skills indicating that these skills are good but could use some improvement. During the session the supervisor observes that the therapist struggles to play certain chords, uses incorrect fingerings, and does not demonstrate more than one type of strumming pattern. Which of the following is the supervisor's BEST action? A. Document the therapist's inability to play the guitar functionally and issue a verbal warning that skills need to improve. B. Direct the therapist to a community guitar lesson program. C. Suggest that the therapist not bring her guitar to music therapy sessions and only use the keyboard or other accompanying instruments. D. Encourage the therapist to reassess her guitar skills and make a plan for reaching certain musical goals.

D. Encourage the therapist to reassess her guitar skills and make a plan for reaching certain musical goals.

86B. During a choir rehearsal for clients with Parkinson's disease, the choir members comment that the songs are "too high to sing comfortably." Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST response? A. Conduct additional vocal warm-ups, since the choir is not sufficiently warmed up. B. Initiate a progressive muscle relaxation exercise since the choir appears stressed. C. Distribute percussion instruments to distract the choir from this anxiety provoking situation. D. Explore which key would best meet the needs of the group and transpose the music accordingly.

D. Explore which key would best meet the needs of the group and transpose the music accordingly.

113. A music therapist visits an older adult female with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at a nursing home. The client is tearful and verbalizes feelings of sadness about the recent death of her daughter, repeating the statement "If only God could have done better." What should the music therapist do FIRST to meet the spiritual needs of the client? A. Begin singing a variety of hymns to support the client's verbalizations. B. Direct the client in prayer to affirm the client's verbal responses. C. Ask the client questions about her specific spiritual affiliation. D. Facilitate fill-in-the-blank song writing using the phrase, "If only God."

D. Facilitate fill-in-the-blank song writing using the phrase, "If only God."

Which of the following music experiences BEST promotes spatial awareness for a group of adults with developmental disabilities? A. Rehearsing a choreographed dance sequence B. Participating in an action song C. Moving freely to client-preferred music D. Facilitating movement through live music

D. Facilitating movement through live music

13B. A music therapist with basic guitar skills wants to accompany a song written in the key of Ab major, using Ab, Db, and Eb7 chords. To allow for the use of all first position chords and only minimally affect the song's vocal register, the song should be transposed to the key of A. B major. B. D major. C. F major. D. G major.

D. G major.

100B. A client who only knows guitar chords in first position wants to learn a song with the tablature for the following chords: E, B7, A, c#, and f#. Which of the following transpositions BEST ensures successful playing of the song? A. F, C7, Bb, d, g B. D, A7, G, b, e C. A, E7, D, f#, b D. G, D7, C, e, a

D. G, D7, C, e, a

62B. A music therapy referral is made for a client with severe agitation. During the initial music therapy assessment, the music therapist does not observe any signs of this and the client pleasantly engages. Which of the following is the therapist's BEST action? A. Assume the client is only agitated when working with, or approached by, certain staff. B. Conclude that music therapy is not appropriate based on initial observations. C. Recommend services based on the client's current level of participation. D. Identify any causes that may have impacted the client's current level of functioning.

D. Identify any causes that may have impacted the client's current level of functioning.

123B. A facility administrator sees the benefits of the music therapy day treatment program for psychiatric outpatients and requests that these services be offered to the psychiatric inpatients. Which of the following should the music therapist do in order to provide a safe environment for the inpatients? A. Implement the same treatment plan for the outpatients as for the inpatients because of past success. B. Find a treatment plan in a reputable academic reference and simulate those interventions for the inpatient group. C. Integrate the social work treatment plan and add musical opening and closing interventions. D. Identify the differences in the cognitive, emotional, and psycho-social needs between the outpatients and inpatients.

D. Identify the differences in the cognitive, emotional, and psycho-social needs between the outpatients and inpatients.

Which of the following is the BEST way to assess a client's rhythmic stability? A. Have the client initiate various rhythmic patterns. B. Ask the client to imitate various rhythmic patterns C. Ask the client to reproduce a rhythmic pattern after a 2-minute interval. D. Instruct the client to maintain a rhythmic ostinato.

D. Instruct the client to maintain a rhythmic ostinato.

A music therapist records observations of a client's self-stimulatory behaviors every 2 minutes. This type of recording is referred to as A. Duration B. Event C. Continuous D. Interval

D. Interval

When using music therapy to reduce spasticity in the lower extremities, the music therapist should consult with the A. Physician. B. Occupational therapist. C. Nurse. D. Physical therapist.

D. Physical therapist.

118. A music therapist has been jointly treating a client with vascular dementia and the client's daughter, once a week for one hour. Recently, the client has become more withdrawn, presenting with a reduced emotional response and increased passivity. Despite changes, the daughter continues to encourage the client to be active and engaged, yet the client is agitated and combative. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST response? A. Continue treatment using the music to address agitation and combativeness. B. Discontinue treatment as the client's passivity will increase with disease progression. C. Remove the daughter from the music therapy session immediately. D. Re-evaluate the session length and interventions used during music therapy sessions.

D. Re-evaluate the session length and interventions used during music therapy sessions.

4B. A music therapist has been jointly treating a client with vascular dementia and the client's daughter, once a week for one hour. Recently, the client has become more withdrawn, presenting with a reduced emotional response and increased passivity. Despite changes, the daughter continues to encourage the client to be active and engaged, yet the client is agitated and combative. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST response? A. Continue treatment using the music to address agitation and combativeness. B. Discontinue treatment as the client's passivity will increase with disease progression. C. Remove the daughter from the music therapy session immediately. D. Re-evaluate the session length and interventions used during music therapy sessions.

D. Re-evaluate the session length and interventions used during music therapy sessions.

21B. A client is referred for music therapy to increase on-task behavior and to encourage social interaction. After 3 months of weekly sessions, the client has not met the on-task objective, but social interaction has improved. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST response? A. Change the criteria of the on-task objective to challenge the client. B. Identify new goals the client may be more successful at completing. C. Refer the client to a social skills group. D. Re-evaluate the strategies and expected outcomes of the on-task objective.

D. Re-evaluate the strategies and expected outcomes of the on-task objective.

92. A music therapist working in a community outpatient facility has a new group of adolescents in music therapy. As the session begins, the clients keep talking about outside events and topics that are not related to therapy. They also ask the music therapist personal questions related to their discussions. Which of the following is the FIRST course of action for the music therapist? A. Identify expected behaviors for the group and set contingencies for non-desired behaviors. B. Allow the clients some time to talk about other things, but refrain from answering personal questions. C. Play music that is popular with the clients' age group as a means to get them engaged in music. D. Redirect the group to talk together about group goals and enlist their help in making group rules.

D. Redirect the group to talk together about group goals and enlist their help in making group rules.

9. A child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) starts pacing during a music therapy session. Which of the following is the music therapist's MOST effective response to redirect the child? A. Tap on the chair. B. Chant a rhythmic pattern "it's okay." C. Play sol-do on xylophone. D. Sing a melodic phrase "sit down."

D. Sing a melodic phrase "sit down."

110B. During a session on an adolescent psychiatric unit, one of the clients plays his guitar to preferred music continuously, not allowing the other clients to suggest songs. Another client, playing electric keyboard, turns up the volume of his instrument and begins to play different songs. The guitar player reacts by playing his instrument louder and faster. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? A. Take the instruments away from the two clients and confront them about the behavior. B. End the group and report the behavior to the counselors. C. Suggest the two clients leave the group and allow the others to continue. D. Stop the music and process the disruption.

D. Stop the music and process the disruption.

Which of the following is part of a behavioral objective? A. Theoretical Framework B. Assessment Results C. Staff Approach D. Time Frame

D. Time Frame

The client's projection of thoughts, emotions, ideas, or desires about others onto the therapist; e.g. TN stated that his music therapy intern was his sister. A. Countertransference B. Association C. Secondary Gains D. Transference

D. Transference

55. A music therapist receives a referral for a client who has a diagnosis that is unfamiliar to the therapist. The therapist has read the client's history and has spoken to the client's nursing staff. Which of the following should be the music therapist's FIRST action to obtain the information needed for effective treatment planning? A. Look at the library for recent books about the client's diagnosis. B. Discuss the client with a supervisor in the facility. C. Confer with a colleague about possible interventions. D. Use a database to find music therapy research on the diagnosis.

D. Use a database to find music therapy research on the diagnosis.

93B. Which of the following should a music therapist do to elicit participation during a drumming experience in a nursing home? A. Describe the history of drumming. B. Pass out individual rhythm scores. C. Teach advanced drumming techniques. D. Use various rhythms, meters, and tempos.

D. Use various rhythms, meters, and tempos.

103B. A music therapist does not agree with a treatment team decision regarding client treatment. Which of the following is the BEST action for the therapist to take? A. Adhere to the treatment team decision despite the therapist's disagreement. B. Express disagreement and independently revise the treatment plan. C. Disregard the treatment plan and proceed based on best professional judgment. D. Work to resolve the issue with the treatment team.

D. Work to resolve the issue with the treatment team.

101B. A visually impaired child with developmental disabilities is learning a "schedule" by using tactile objects that represent daily activities, including music therapy. The classroom teacher suggests gluing a finger cymbal to a piece of cardboard to represent music therapy. When the child is given the direction, "check your schedule," he will touch the cymbal and be given a tactile cue that it is time for music therapy. He will then keep this object until the activity is finished. Which of the following tangible objects would BEST represent music therapy? A. the cymbal, as suggested, because it is small and easy for the child to carry B. a drum stick, because it relates to music and can be used in the music therapy session C. a small toy-like keyboard, because it sounds immediately when manipulated and can be used in the music therapy session D. a small maraca, because it sounds immediately when manipulated, is easy to carry, and can be used in the music therapy session

D. a small maraca, because it sounds immediately when manipulated, is easy to carry, and can be used in the music therapy session

48. When working within adult oncology, which of the following is the BEST reason to prioritize a music therapy referral for a particular patient? A. isolation due to a lengthy hospital stay B. lack of family support system C. difficulty with treatment adherence D. acute pain unmanaged by medication

D. acute pain unmanaged by medication

6. Determining a client's musical background and skills is an important task during which phase of the music therapy plan? A. evaluation B. termination C. implementation D. assessment

D. assessment

107. Which of the following would give a music therapist the MOST objective information about the client's existing abilities? A. collaborative work B. prompted task C. independent responses D. baseline data

D. baseline data

126. During a music therapy session, a 52-year-old inpatient describes his plans to kill his ex-wife. The music therapist should A. maintain confidentiality and not share this information with anyone. B. contact the family of the ex-wife and request that they tell her in person. C. post the patient's intention on the Internet to warn the public of the potential threat. D. consult federal, state, and local regulations and organizational policies and procedures to determine what to do.

D. consult federal, state, and local regulations and organizational policies and procedures to determine what to do.

41B. A premature infant is in the neonatal intensive care unit with multiple developmental complications and failure to thrive. Music therapy is being considered as a possible treatment. To structure an appropriate assessment, which of the following is the MOST important piece of information for the therapist to keep in mind? A. birth weight of the infant B. preferred music of the mother C. music the infant heard while in the womb D. current stage of the infant's neurological development

D. current stage of the infant's neurological development

51B. In a standard 12-bar blues form, the chord in the ninth measure is the A. tonic. B. subdominant C. submediant. D. dominant.

D. dominant.

81B. A music therapist working with a group of clients who have depression has chosen a songwriting experience. To establish trust within the group, the therapist should A. instruct each client to write and sing a solo verse for the song. B. emphasize proper use of rhyme schemes and musical form to provide structure. C. compose a song using input from group members who participate. D. encourage each client to contribute a personal thought for use in the lyrics.

D. encourage each client to contribute a personal thought for use in the lyrics.

130. A music therapy experience that requires a client to recall information and events is addressing which of the following types of memory? A. sensory B. procedural C. working D. explicit

D. explicit

90. A private practice music therapist is completing an assessment and treatment plan for a 7-year-old boy with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a special education program. He has received speech therapy and occupational therapy for several years and is showing an interest in music. The mother is very concerned that her son is withdrawn and does not speak many words. The music therapist should initially A. call the school where the student attends and schedule an observation. B. ask the principal for permission to visit with the student during music class. C. email his therapists and ask for the student's current progress. D. get a signed release from his parent to speak to his teacher and therapists at school.

D. get a signed release from his parent to speak to his teacher and therapists at school.

97B. A client's goals and objectives should be A. time-bound, achievable, and interpersonal. B. physical, specific, and measurable. C. achievable, subjective, and time-bound. D. measurable, achievable, and time-bound.

D. measurable, achievable, and time-bound.

120. A 10-year-old client with cerebral palsy and above average intellectual functioning has a goal to increase muscle control for independence in self-feeding. A music therapist should use a xylophone-playing experience to address the development of the client's A. socialization skills. B. communication skills. C. cognitive skills. D. motor skills.

D. motor skills.

119B. An adult with dementia screams and hits when a nursing assistant attempts to help her to the shower. Since the nursing staff know that the client responds positively in music therapy, the music therapist is asked to assist. Which of the following is the MOST useful type of music for this situation? A. New Age relaxation music B. lively, energetic music C. a slow movement from a classical sonata D. music from the client's young-adult years

D. music from the client's young-adult years

46. The appropriateness of a referral for music therapy is ultimately determined by the A. speech therapist. B. physician. C. counselor. D. music therapist.

D. music therapist.

5B. When completing a behavioral assessment, information relating ONLY to behaviors observed, not interpretation, is considered A. subjective. B. irrelevant. C. prejudicial. D. objective.

D. objective.

111. A music therapist is working with a client with athetoid cerebral palsy who expresses an interest in playing the cymbals, but is unable to grasp a standard mallet. Which of the following professionals would the music therapist MOST likely consult for assistance with adapting the mallet? A. physiatrist B. physical therapist C. percussion instructor D. occupational therapist

D. occupational therapist

98B. In order to ensure the safety of a patient during ambulation, the BEST person for the music therapist to consult is the A. nurse. B. occupational therapist. C. dance/movement therapist. D. physical therapist.

D. physical therapist.

3. A child with cerebral palsy who communicates non-verbally brings an electronic augmentative communication system to group music therapy. The BEST way to plan to accommodate this client's inclusion in a group singing experience is to A. encourage the child to touch 'stop/go'. B. teach the child hand gestures for several song lyrics. C. ask the staff to sing for the child. D. pre-record song lyrics onto the system.

D. pre-record song lyrics onto the system.

77B. A music therapist is working to increase a client's vital lung capacity. This goal would MOST commonly be addressed in which of the following conditions? A. Alzheimer's disease B. Down's syndrome C. renal failure D. quadriplegia

D. quadriplegia

69B. Which of the following should a referral for an initial music therapy assessment include? A. listing of interdisciplinary team members B. musical background of the client C. referral approval from the health care decision maker D. reason for referral

D. reason for referral

59. A music therapist working with an adult client diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder who exhibits restricted emotional expression has involved the client in a song discussion focusing on the affective qualities of a familiar song. As the therapist continues singing and playing the song, she notices that the client has begun talking to herself while rocking back and forth and laughing. The music therapist's BEST response is to A. stop the music until the client's verbalizations have ended. B. adjust the tempo of the song to correspond to the client's rocking behavior. C. sing and play the song at a higher volume to mask the client's verbalizations. D. refocus the client by directing her to sing along with the therapist.

D. refocus the client by directing her to sing along with the therapist.

58. A music therapist introduces instrument choices to a child, playing each instrument to demonstrate its different sounds and uses. The music therapist asks the child to choose an instrument to which he is especially drawn. The music therapist is MOST likely trying to ascertain the child's A. preferences for styles of music. B. limits of sustained attention. C. capacity for verbal expression. D. responses to musical elements.

D. responses to musical elements.

62. A music therapist has recently started a new job working with inner-city at-risk adolescents at a community center. To help adolescents identify and express their emotions, she introduces song-writing activities. Though the therapist has a strong background in jazz and classical music, she notices that the clients criticize her accompaniments. To BEST meet the clients' needs, the therapist should A. develop therapeutic music lessons to teach basic music literacy. B. move from song-writing to active music listening to broaden clients' exposure to new musical styles. C. adapt the clients' preferred music to the styles with which the therapist is most comfortable. D. seek out resources to learn more contemporary music styles.

D. seek out resources to learn more contemporary music styles.

42. The act of focusing on a particular object for a period of time while simultaneously ignoring irrelevant information that is also occurring is A. sustained attention. B. arousal. C. vigilance. D. selective attention.

D. selective attention.

5. A client with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) claps to musical accompaniments, clapping when the music plays and stopping when the music stops. The music therapist uses these responses to assess which of the following areas of functioning? A. vibroacoustic B. vestibular C. proprioceptive D. sensorimotor

D. sensorimotor

55.A client newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease should anticipate which of the following symptoms early in the course of the disease? A. subtle problems with mood and cognition B. weakness and/or muscle atrophy C. problems with language and disorientation D. shaking, rigidity, and slowness of movement

D. shaking, rigidity, and slowness of movement

7. A music therapist is working with a patient who has suffered a stroke on the left side of the brain and exhibits significant language comprehension issues. It is MOST effective to provide ongoing acknowledgement and reflection of the client's responses through A.detailed instructions which create context. B. exaggerated verbal and nonverbal prompts. C. simple singing of directions through a song. D. simple non-verbal cues and gestures.

D. simple non-verbal cues and gestures.

51. Which of the following is the MOST valid and reliable way to document functional outcomes related to specific goals and interventions? A. digital media systems B. an interval recording schedule C. online outcome measures D. standardized measurement tools

D. standardized measurement tools

60B. A music therapist working with an inmate convicted of homicide asks to read the hospital report from the inmate's recent hospitalization secondary to a suicide attempt. The music therapist may read the reports written by the psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, and occupational therapists from the hospital if A. the music therapist uses his best professional judgment to determine legitimate need for this information. B. the music therapist receives a letter from the inmate's wife suggesting that this information would prove useful. C. professionals who previously worked with the inmate in the hospital were directly involved with the case. D. the client consents to the release of the confidential information.

D. the client consents to the release of the confidential information.

26B. The decision to accept a music therapy referral for a young adult with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) must primarily be based on the client's needs and A. client's preference for music and duration of PTSD symptoms. B. healthcare insurance coverage and parental approval. C. hospital approval and expected treatment length. D. the therapist's expertise in PTSD and current caseload.

D. the therapist's expertise in PTSD and current caseload.

16. Which of the following is a purposefully sequenced course of therapy with a specific outcome? A. assessment B. objective C. target behavior D. treatment plan

D. treatment plan

106. In a new music therapy group of recently incarcerated women, a music therapist notices that one of the women is friendly and social with others until the session begins. Once the session begins, she does not want to participate in the music experiences other than to pick a favorite recorded song, and she is unwilling to talk about her feelings and emotions with the other group members. When assessing this client, it would be BEST for the music therapist to explore issues related to A. fear. B. resistance. C. depression. D. trust.

D. trust.

107B. When practicing "standard precautions," a music therapist should A. work with sick patients in isolation from healthy patients. B. anticipate differing levels of precautions based on patient diagnosis. C. group together patients who are HIV positive. D. wear gloves when in contact with any patient's bodily fluids.

D. wear gloves when in contact with any patient's bodily fluids.

18. A music therapist has been asked to write a song to help an adult with intellectual disabilities remember the steps involved with teeth brushing. The MOST effective song lyrics to promote functional independence includes A. "I squeeze paste on the brush" to an unfamiliar tune. B."I like to brush my teeth" to a familiar tune. C. "My toothbrush is blue" to an unfamiliar tune. D."I remove the cap from the tube" to a familiar tune.

D."I remove the cap from the tube" to a familiar tune.

An individual has the following cluster of symptoms: -failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level -apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals -clinically insignificant general delay in language -clinically insignificant delay in cognitive development or in the development of age appropriate self-help skills, adaptive behavior, or curiosity about the environment in childhood A.William's Syndrome B. Autism Spectrum Disorder C. Rhett's Syndrome D.Asperger's

D.Asperger's

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Delusions (unshared beliefs that are not reality-based - persecution, grandeur, control, or romance), hallucinations (sensory experiences that are not stimulated by the environment), disorganized thought & speech, and disorganized/catatonic behavior

Removing a positive stimulus in order to reduce maladaptive behavior

Negative punishment

Elements of music (4)

Pitch, intensity, duration, and timbre

Qualitative research

Research that involves collecting various perspectives in order to achieve a deeper understanding of an experience; sometimes referred to as naturalistic research

Quantitative research

Research that involves the collection of numerical information; seeks to determine an objective truth or fact

Parallel Play (definition)

The mode of playing during which two or more children engage in the same activity without interacting with each other

13. A music therapist is working at a shelter house with women survivors of abuse and trauma. The new music therapy group seeks to empower women and facilitate emotional expression. After a lyric analysis intervention in which clients discuss themes of healing and recovery, which of the following interventions should the music therapist facilitate NEXT? A. music improvisation in which clients play a variety of unpitched instruments focusing on themes of trauma B. music-centered relaxation in which clients practice progressive muscle relaxation with recorded music C. group singing in which clients sing along to an original recording of another song with a therapeutic theme D. fill-in-the-blank songwriting in which clients insert their own words and phrases into the song

fill-in-the-blank songwriting in which clients insert their own words and phrases into the song