MTEL General Curriculum Mathematics Subtest
percentage
% A ratio that compares a number to 100
reciprocal
(mathematics) one of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2
circumference
2πR The distance around a circle
equation
A mathematical sentence that contains an equals sign.
inequality
A mathematical sentence that contains less than, greater than, less than or equal to, greater than or equal to, or not equal
algorithm
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
divisor
A number by which another number is divided
rational number
A number that can be written as a fraction or a repeating decimal
irrational number
A number that goes on forever. It is a non-repeating or non-terminating decimal.
rhombus
A parallelogram with four equal sides
fraction
A part of a whole 1/4
pyramid
A polyhedron with a polygon base and triangular sides that all meet at a common vertex.
radius
A straight line from the center to the circumference of a circle or sphere.
Isosceles Triangle
A triangle that has at least two congruent (same) sides
Equilateral Triangle
A triangle with three congruent (same) sides and three 60 degree angles.
prime number
A whole number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself.
area of a rectangle
A=bh
area of a circle
A=πr² (Area = 3.14R squared)
natural number
All positive numbers (not including zero)
integer
All whole numbers (both positive and negative) and zero.
remainder
Amount left over after dividing a number
obtuse triangle
An angle that is more than 90°, but less than 180°, A triangle where one angle measures over 90 degrees.
mean
Average
range
Distance between highest and lowest scores in a set of data.
consecutive
Following in order
perpendicular
Lines that intersect forming four 90 degree angles.
parallel lines
Lines that never intersect
median
Middle Number
perimeter of a rectangle
P=2l+2w
slope of a line
Rise ----- Run y₂-y₁ --------- x₂-x₁
absolute value
The distance a number is from zero on a number line. ALWAYS POSITIVE | 6 | = 6
greatest common factor
The largest factor that two or more numbers have in common.
volume of a cylinder
V = HπR²
X to the zero power = 1 (always!)
X to the 0 power is always equal to 1
X to the 2nd power > 0 (always!)
X to the 2nd power is always greater than zero
square root
a number that when multiplied by itself equals a given number
Pythagorean Theorem
a²+b²=c²
Hypoteneuse
the longest side of a set square or a right triangle (opposite the right angle)
order of operations
the order in which operations in an expression to be evaluated are carried out. 1. parentheses 2. exponents 3. multiplication and division 4. addition and subtraction
sum
to add
product
to multiply
volume of a rectangle
volume = length x width x height
equation of a line
y=mx+b
