Mulford 101
The slogan repeated in fascist Italy was
"Il Duce (the leader) is always right."
The motto of General Porfirio Diaz during his 34 years if rule was
"Liberty, order, progress."
The agricultural area bordering the desert is called the Sahel, which in Arabic literally means what?
"The Coast"
The better the European weapons became, the more the ________________ widened.
"firepower gap"
(Ch. 29) The slogan repeated in the fascist Italy was
"il Duce (the leader) is always right"
With King Leopold's money, Henry Morton Stanley
"opened" and occupied the Congo Basin.
Late-nineteenth-century Victorian morality dictated that men and women belong in
"separate spheres"
In the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the
"sick man of Europe".
The British nineteenth-century attitude toward Europe has been called a policy of
"splendid isolation"
Mohandas Gandhi was known to his followers as Mahatma, or
"the great soul".
a philosophical and theological system, associated with thomas aquinas, devised to reconcile aristolian philosophy and roman catholic theology
scholasticism
Although Greece is described as "resource poor" in the chapter, how did it economically prosper?
sea trade brought access to foreign resources, markets and ideas
Nationalists during the Depression yearned for autarchy, which was defined as
self-sufficiency and economic independence from the world economy.
Europeans controlled equatorial Africa by
selling monopolies on resources and trade to private companies.
What type of language is Hebrew?
semitic
When the Qing banned the importation of opium, the British
sent naval and marine forces to China.
(Ch. 20) According to the Russian census of 1795, over half the population were
serfs
According to the Russian census of 1795, over half the population were
serfs
household slaves in the islamic world mostly consisted of
servants and concubines
12. Mansa Kankan Musa made a famous pilgrimage that
served to demonstrate the enormous wealth
Before 212 C.E., how did many people living outside Italy became Roman citizens
serving in the army for 20+ years
To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperor
severed relations with the Middle East and Central Asia and closed the borders to foreigners
The English Navigations Act sought to do what?
severely limit colonial trading and production that competed directly with English manufacturers.
5. The form of extensive agriculture that was used in sub-Saharan Africa is called
shifting cultivations
The economic development of the colonies in Mexico and Peru was dominated by who?
silver rhining
Most efficient method for clearing land for agriculture?
slash & burn
Who was François Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverature? What did he do that made him famous?
slave who lead rebellion - captured to france and died in prison
As the numbers of independent farmers declined in the later republic, Italian landowners increasingly turned to what?
slaves
Seventeenth-century sugar plantations of Brazil depended on what type of labor force?
slaves
During the 1920's, the British in India
slowly gave Indians control over "national areas" such as education and the economy.
Before WWII, African nationalist movements were
small and had little influence.
Both Argentina and Brazil had a
small but outspoken middle class.
WWII was most important for African independence movements because
so many Africans served in Allied armies and learned new liberal ideas.
Population growth in China in the 1700's led to
social and environmental problems.
The stresses that led to the Taiping Rebellion in the Guangxi region were initially a result of
social unhappiness and foreign intrusion.
What ideology questioned the sanctity of private property?
socialism
environmental damage to sugar plantations was caused by
soil exhaustion and deforestation
Wise men who provided lessons in logic and rhetoric were who?
sophists
What are the characteristics of the recovery of the Archaic Period?
specialized labor, urban growth, improved diet, population increase
With the flood of Christian missionaries into Africa, Islam
spread even farther than before.
A Greek population explosion led to?
spread of colonies around the Med. Sea Region - N. Africa, Sicily, S. Italy, Black Sea region
(Ch. 29) The Soviet Union paid for the First Five-Year Plan
squeezing the peasants
The Soviet Union paid for the Fist Five-Year Plan by
squeezing the peasants.
Englishman Henry Bessemer is best known for his advances in producing
steel
Under Kind Darius' legal system, subject peoples in Persian territories were
still allowed to live under their own laws
What is the first recognizable cultural activity of human beings?
stone toolmaking
As India prepared for independence, the most serious problem was the
struggle between Hindus and Muslims.
37. Since World War II, the most important political issue in Arab countries had been the
struggle with Israel
Darius used art and sculpture to carefully craft a vision of a vast empire, where what happened?
subject people willingly cooperated
The "annihilation of time and space," extolled by the public and the press, referred especially to
submarine telegraph cables
Who were earliest historically documented people in Mesopotamia?
sumerians
The Greek historian Herodotus portrayed steppe nomads as
superb horsemen, herdsmen, and hunters
In order to build the Panama Canal, the United States
supported a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia.
Islam means
surrender to the will of God
At Yorktown, the British General Cornwallis did what?
surrendered
When the Qin government abolished primogeniture, this meant that
taking land away from powerful, wealthy landowners and dividing it among smaller, (less wealthy& less powerful) landowners
The hijackers on September 11, 2001
targeted buildings that symbolized American government, military, and trade.
37. In the United States greater wealth inequality was in part to
tax reform policies of Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush
17. The Delhi Sultans controlled their empire in India by
terror and high taxes
The presence of European colonial officials meant
that land rights, commercial transactions and legal disputes were handled differently.
Recent discoveries of large stones and burial chambers may indicate what?
that the inhabitants venerated a goddess as their principal deity
(ch 29)16. Which group was not murdered by the Nazis in the interest of racial purity?
the Aryan race
(Ch. 14) What caused the end of serfdom in western Europe?
the Black Death
The war at sea in the years 1914-1918 pitted
the British fleet against the German submarine
The most important agent for transmitting European beliefs, language, and culture in Spanish America and Brazil was what?
the Catholic Church
(Ch. 20) Although european enthusiasm for Chinese trade was high
the Chinese were slow to embrace European trade.
Which of the following became the richest institution of the Spanish colonies?
the Church
(Ch. 20) A Russian independent tribal society of warriors
the Cossacks
The South African economy boomed during the Depression because
the Depression made gold more valuable.
Sugar cane was first grown in the west indies by spanish colonists shortly after 1500, but after 1600,
the English and French grew tobacco there
The Ethiopian victory over Italy at Adowa was due to
the Ethiopians' being armed with rifles, machine guns, and artillery.
(Ch. 14) Which of the following was the first to use heavy machinery in the production of paper?
the Europeans
In 1787, King Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General, the French national legislature, because
the French elite would not consent to new taxes
(Ch. 21) In 1787, King Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General, the French National Legislature, because...
the French elite wouldn't consent to new taxes.
(Ch. 20) The princes of Muscovy organized a movement of conquest and expansion against
the Golden Horde
The most persistent opponents of early Ottoman reforms were
the Janissaries.
The Manchurian Incident in 1931 led to
the Japanese takeover of Manchukuo.
The relationship between the leading family in Korea, the Koryo family, and the Mongols was that
the Koryo family became attached and loyal to the Mongols
Mao Zedong's 1934 escape from the Guomindang to Shaanxi was called
the Long March.
(ch 29)13. The end of the war in the Pacific area was controversial because of...
the U.S. use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
11. Which country was engaged in an "unwinnable war" in 1978 with Afghanistan?
the USSR
The final defeat of Japan took longer than victory over Germany in large part because
the United States had concentrated its efforts on Germany.
One irony of Athenian democracy was what?
the abundance of slaves
Russians occupied the territory of Kazakhstan because
the agricultural land was being "wasted".
In the post Cold War era, international peacekeeping efforts have become complicated due to
the autonomy of nation states.
2. The "Brazilian Solution" refers to
the combination of dictatorship, violent repression, and government promotion of industrialization
Why is the Gupta Empire described as a "theater-state"?
the constant round of solemn rituals, dramatic ceremonies, and exciting cultural events was a potent advertisment for the benefits of association with the empire
British efforts to increase Egyptian agriculture resulted in
the construction of the Aswan Dam.
Since the colonies were governed with small numbers of European officials, they relied upon
the cooperation of indigenous elites.
List some examples of a broad common element underlying African life and culture
the cultivation by hoe and digging stick in agriculture, different groups of Africans who played many instruments musically, and common features particulary in rhythm
The Mauryan government united much of India after
the death of Alexander the Great.
Why did the Mongols refrain from attacking central Europe in 1241?
the death of the Great Khan
(Ch. 21) The Tennis Court Oath was
the declaration by the Third estate that they would no convene again without a constitution.
The stock market crash of 1929 turned into
the deepest, most widespread depression in history.
(Ch. 20) One of the consequences of Japanese aggression in the sixteenth century was
the defeat of weakened Chinese armies by the Manchu
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 is called "the Second American Revolution" because
the delegates pushed aside the announced purpose and in secret wrote a new constitution
30. The cultural blending associated with the expansion and spread of Islam from 1200 to 1500 can be seen by examining
the design of mosques
What is Pan-Slavism?
the doctrine that advocated the unity of all Slavic peoples through military means.
An example of the United States government's aggressive policy toward terrorism was
the overthrow of the Taliban in Afghanistan.
what effect did the loss of population due to the slave trade have on africa
the population was able to recover due to the women and the adoption of new plant foods
(Ch. 20) During the reign of the Qing Empire, Europe gained
the practice of decorating homes with wallpaper, silk, porcelain, tea, Qing poetry, and an early form of inoculation
The most harmful aspect of the Western sense of cultural superiority was/were
the racist ideas that deemed non-Europeans inferior.
some of the "lost knowledge" of the greek and arab world came into the latin west through
the recapture of southern italy from the byzantines, and sicily and toledo from the muslims
Tax farming is
the sale of tax-collecting contracts to small corporations
(Ch. 20) The Tokugawa Shogunate was weakened because
the samurai went into debt, merchants gained power, population&economic growth put strain on resources, and the government did not change as society became more modern
An example of Stalinist terror in the 1930s was
the secret police arresting people accused of party disloyalty.
What is the most plausible theory for the development of Trans Saharan trade routes?
the spread of the domestication of camels (camels were found in rock art)
What can be considered the symbol of Athenian naval success?
the trireme
A pivotal event in early Egyptian history was ______
the unification of all egypt under king menes
Fundamental concepts of Egyptian religion were based upon ________
the vision of cosmic order that the environment of the Nile Valley fostered
If the allies had agreed sooner to allow the Japanese to retain the emperor
the war might have ended without the use of the atomic bomb.
The Mexican Revolution can be described as
the work of many ambitious but limited leaders.
What was there Aztecs cyclical view of history?
the world has been destroyed 4 times and will be destroyed again
What distinguished Early American cultures from the world's other major cultural regions?
their absolute isolation
The motives that led to Iberian overseas expansion were primarily
their economic, religious and political motives to expand contact and increase contact and improvements in maritime and military technology
Why were the Assyrians able to conquer vast territories?
their superior military organization and technology
Christian religions proved attractive in some parts of Africa because
they established mission schools.
The ulama opposed Selim III's reforms because
they feared the secularization of law and taxation.
What problem did the British face with Chinese markets that they called the "Canton System?"
they had no permanent settlement or new ports of trade
In Mesopotamian cities, how were the temples viewed?
they housed each city states deity or deities and their associated cults
There was a small European population in Africa, however
they made a deep and social economic impact.
People were attracted to the messages of the radical politicians after World War I because
they were embittered as a result of World War I and unemployment, and they were bewildered by modernity.
What is considered an advantage to bronze over other metals?______
they were less likely to break and easy to repair. it had sharper edge than stone. it can be molded. it was malleable.
Once government-owned industries in Japan became profitable,
they were sold to private investors
What role did women play in the transition to crop cultivation?
they were the principal gatherers of wild plant foods
The chemical dye industry hurt tropical nations such as India because
those nations grew the most indigo
Historians can infer that Mesopotamian society was made up of __________
three social classes (1) the free landowning class (royalty, high-ranking officials, warriors, priests, merchant, and some artisans and shopkeepers) (2)class of dependent farmers and artisans (3)class of slaves
a rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow.It gradually replaced the two field system
three-field system
The three social and occupational classes in ancient Iran were?
warriors, priests, & peasants
Eventually, Japanese leaders realized that the war with China
was a drain on Japanese resources.
Compared with Mesopotamia, the Egyptian population ______
was a far larger percentage of the Egyptian population lived in farming villages, and much of Egypt's wealth derived to a higher degree from cultivating the land
The founder of the Taiping (Great Peace) Movement, Hong Xiquan
was inspired by Christianity.
In 1858, the Treaty of Kanagawa
was modeled on the unequal treaties that the West had with China
11. In contrast to the kingdom of Ghana that preceded it, which of the following cannot be said about Mali?
was smaller
The Taiping Rebellion
was the world's bloodiest civil war.
The Mandate of Heaven meant that the ruler retained the right to rule as long as he did what?
was wise, principled and energetic and protected his people
a mechanism that harnesses the energy in flowing water to grind grain or power machinery. It was used in many parts of the world but was especially common in europe
water wheel
Bismarck gave the vote to all adult males in order to
weaken the influence of middle-class liberals
An oligarchy is a society where?
wealthy members of society have the power
European visitors to Ming China in the sixteenth century were
welcomed and astonished by how their city looked; traded with Europeans but were unsure of the value of trade
31. What can be said about the role the mosque played in Islamic society?
were centers of learning and promoted literacy
Mesopotamian gods were anthropomorphic, that is, they ______
were like humans in form and conduct
which of the following is not true of trading cities in Europe during the middle ages? They
were unable to produce products to compete with asian products
The companies brutally forced Africans to produce crops or gather resources. The worst abuses occurred
when Africans were forced to gather latex for the rubber boom.
Kamikaze means
wind of the gods
From the pots discovered, historians conclude that Greek trade included what foods?
wine and olive oil
The Russian government viewed industrialization
with limited interest, preferring to import industrial goods.
The intellectual flowering that took place under Tsar Alexander II included the
writings of Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky.
22. Describe the urban poor neighborhoods?
D. workers lived in factory owned apartments, many in overcrowded tenements, cities were full of filth, pollution, and sewage, the danger of diseases like typhus, smallpox, dysentery, and tuberculosis was very high
The only Western Hemisphere countries that earned similar individual income levels as Western Europe by 1900 were
D.The US, Canada, and Argentina
the african state most dependent on the slave trade was
Dahomey
Two indigenous Chinese philosophies that emerged from the Warring States Period are what?
Daoism and Confucianism
From the reign of Augustus, the Roman army was reorganized and redeployed to do what?
Defend the empire rather than be on the offensive
Who reformed Rome in the 3rd century C.E. and saved it from decline?
Diocletian
(Ch. 14) Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of the Gothic cathedral?
Domes, but the flying buttress, giant stained-glass windows, the Gothic arc, and their great height were
What was high migration in the East African lake region and Kenyan highlands due to?
Drought conditions that persisted.
Why did the Ottoman economy become involved in the European commercial network?
Due to rual disorder and administrative decline that opened up new opportunities.
as a result of european colonization, the arawak and carib
became nearly extinct from abuse and disease
Why did European countries view Russia as more "European" than the Ottoman Empire?
because Europeans viewed the Ottoman as more "foreign"
Why was Mesopotamia sometimes seen as a dangerous place to live?
because floods are sudden and violent and may cut off communication
Why is Mecca an important city to Muslims?
because it was a pilgrimage site for the shrine Ka'ab and a caravan city; it was a religious center of the Islamic religion
The culture that developed in Egypt was unique largely because of ____
because of its natural isolation and essential self sufficiency
Why did the highest-ranking Spanish officials in the colonies enjoy broad power?
because of their distance from Spain
The Mesopotamian law code is famous. What might account for the fact that Egypt did not create a similar code of law?
because their king was the source of law (unlike Mesopotamia)
Leaders of Meiji Japan planned to remain free from Western imperialism by
becoming a world-class industrial power
5. Explain what "cottage industries" are, where they were, and what products they produced
E. merchants delivered raw materials to craftspeople who hand manufactured the goods in which the merchant came and picked up the finished product. Cloth, canvas, clothing, thread
19. The most successful export from West Africa after abolition was
E. palm oil
1. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the population grew because of
E. reliable food supplies and widespread resistance to disease.
16. The most revolutionary invention of the Industrial Revolution was James Watt's
E. steam engine
34. The role of the middle-class women became management of the home, children, and servants, otherwise known as
E. the "cult of domesticity."
12. What new inventions were developed to weave cotton textiles?
E. the spinning jenny and the water frame
24. Sepoys were Indian troops who
E. were hired and trained to protect European companies' warehouses
26. How did wages compare between men and women?
E. women earned one third to one half as much as men, children earned ½ of female pay
24. Factory work represented a complete transformation in the nature of agricultural work because
E. workers felt that they had lost control over their work; industrial accidents were common; workers felt little job satisfaction; the jobs were repetitive, unskilled, and boring.
Which region(s) have made significant gains in extending democracy to people?
Eastern Europe and Latin America
Why were coins significant?
Easy storage of wealth, rapid transactions, easy exchange of goods and services, easy record keeping •NOT: pay professional soldiers
The Late Bronze Age in the Middle East was a "cosmopolitan era" because?
Elements of the culture were widely spread
What political system became dominant in Sumner-- 3rd millennium BCE?
Emergence of a lugal or "big man" -- what we would call a king
The leader of the Filipino movement for independence was
Emilio Aguinaldo.
31. To ensure that his subjects did not resist royal authority, King Phillip II of Spain did what?
He used an ecclesiastical court called the Spanish Inquisition that brought into line those who opposed his authority.
Why did Peter the Great attempt to westernize Russia?
He wanted his people to imitate western European fashions.
What happened to Hideyoshi in 1592 after years of civil war?
He wanted to take over Korean and Japan.
Why was Bartholomeu Dias' voyage significant?
He was the first Portuguese explorer to sail around the southern tip of Africa and enter the Indian Ocean
33. Why did King Henry VIII of England severe his bond with the Catholic Church? Result?
Henry failed to obtain a papal annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, The result was a new church, the Anglican Church a.k.a. the Church of England
Why is Henry the Navigator viewed as the father of exploration?
Henry's explorers made an important addition to the maritime revolution
The father of history in the western tradition is who?
Herodotus
Spain's lesser nobles were called?
Hidalgos
Why did AIDS draw global attention from human rights advocates?
High mortality rates are association with poverty and expensive treatment
How did the rise of Medieval Islam give trade in the Indian Ocean an important boost?
Muslim cities provided a demand for valuable commodities, and networks of Muslim traders tied the region together
As a result of the Crusades, Europeans were exposed to what?
Muslim society and culture and Arab input on their philosophies.
Italy took advantage of democratic weakness in 1935 when
Mussolini invaded Ethiopia.
(Ch.28)Before the twentieth century, was the only nation in which women had the right to vote?
NEW ZEALAND
(Ch. 29) Stalin's main tool for implementing terror was the
NKVD
Actions taken by Benito Mussolini were
NOT - He liberalized education.
Nazis murdered in the interest of "racial purity"
NOT - aryans
Mao Zedong's policies towards women
NOT - he put women in leadership positions
Result of increased United States production during World War II
NOT - it was doubled that of all the axis nations
Scientific and technological innovations spurred by World War II
NOT - tanks
Account for the British and French policy of appeasement
NOT - their desire to end imperialism
What contributed to the financial crisis that triggered the French Revolution?
NOT failure to collect tines from the clergy
What was accomplished by the new French constitution?
NOT it put peasants in control of the government
14. The Scientific Revolution demonstrated that the workings of the universe could be explained by?
Natural Causes
41. In the seventeenth century, what newly unified state was the world's greatest trading nation?
Netherlands
20. Most of the commercial shipping in the world in the seventeenth century was conducted by the?
Netherlands/Dutch
Under which state Constitution were women and African-Americans eligible to vote until 1807?
New Jersey
46. Before the twentieth century, what was the only nation in which women had the right to vote?
New Zealand
What was the main source of Ottoman inflation in the 16th century?
New world silver.
The period at the end of the Zhou Era and just before Chinese unification is called what?
Warring States Period
9. The Soviet counterpart to NATO was called the
Warsaw Pact
(Cold War) The Bay of Pigs invasion
Was a united states-sponsored attempt to overthrow Castro
(Ch. 21) After his escape from Elba, Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of....
Waterloo
After his escape from Elba, Napoleon was defeated at
Waterloo
Explain the events that were occurring in Europe by the year 1200?
Western Europe was showing new vitality and demonstrating military strength while in Byzantium was in decline and had military weakness.
The power of Western technology convinced many Euro-Americans that
Western ideas, customs, and culture were superior to non-Western lifestyles.
In 1909, the African National Congress was founded by
Western-educated lawyers and journalists.
44. Which of the following did not result when far more Jewish immigrants than anticipated arrived in Palestine?
[B] The unauthorized immigrants were deported.
Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Constitutionalists eventually won control in Mexico ?
[B] They had more soldiers than Zapata and Villa.
39. What was the result of the Boxer Rebellion of 1900?
[B] Western powers and Japan captured Beijing and demanded payments
7. Most European nations thought the war that started in 1914 would
[B] be won by the fastest moving army and the boldest general.
26. The United States finally entered the war
[B] because of German unrestricted submarine warfare.
43. Egypt in the 1920s
[B] had "phony" independence instead of official British colonialism
25. At the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russia
[B] lost territory, including Poland and Finland.
2. In the early twentieth century, what changes were undermining apparent world stability?
[B] tensions grew between Germany and France in Europe
19. The group that suffered most within the Ottoman Empire during World War I was the
[C] Armenians.
36. The German crisis of 1923 was marked by
[C] Germany recklessly printing money, causing inflation.
3. An example of European meddling in Ottoman Empire affairs was the
[C] Russian interest in "protecting" the Slavs
22. The Russian tsar abdicated
[C] during the February Revolution
45. In the 1920s, women's lives
[C] hardly changed at all.
30. Which of the following was not one of the elements in the Treaty of Versailles that angered Germany ?
[C] high tariffs enacted by the allies.
14. The country that benefited most from World War I was
[C] the United States.
21. The Russian army during the war
[C] was very large but poorly supplied and led.
5. The early twentieth century system of alliances pitted the British, French, and Russians against
[D] Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary.
16. The Ottoman Turks signed a secret alliance with
[D] Germany, hoping to gain Russian territory
41. In 1923, Mustapha Kemal (Atatürk) turned Turkey into
[D] a secular republic.
33. Lenin's New Economic Policy in 1921
[D] allowed private ownership of land and all but the largest businesses.
42. After the Ottoman Empire collapsed following the First World War, the modern Turkish state
[D] instituted many progressive reforms.
11. Women during World War I
[D] joined the work force "for the duration."
32. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed by
[D] joining Russia and the Soviet Ukraine.
35. When Lenin died in 1924, the struggle for power of the Soviet Union resulted in the
[D] leadership of Josef Stalin.
13. During World War I, Africa
[D] provided over a million Africans for armed services.
6. The plan to mobilize millions of European troops was based on
[D] railroad timetables.
20. The British tried to defeat the Ottomans by
[D] using an Arab army against the Turks
29. Woodrow Wilson's idea of self-determination was for
[E] European nations to reflect shared ethnicity and language.
4. Nationalism in Europe led Europeans to view war as
[E] a justifiable way to avenge past injustices.
10. The war at sea in the years 1914-1918
[E] all of these
17. The Zionist movement primarily desired to
[E] create a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
15. During World War I, African-Americans in the United States
[E] migrated north in vast numbers from the South.
Varga's policy for industrialization of Brazil was called
[E] none of these
18. The Balfour Declaration
[E] offered British support for the Zionist cause.
9. A new and potent defensive weapon in World War I was
[E] the machine gun.
40. The Twenty-One Demands in 1915 would have
[E] turned China into a virtual Japanese protectorate.
21. Which of the following cannot be said of the French-Algerian War?
[NONE OF THESE]
30. Which of the following countries has a declining life expectancy?
[NONE OF THESE]
As prosperity and population increased in Song China, Chinese officials did what
They sheltered the people from dangers (rats, plague, disease, waste etc.) so that they could enjoy the city.
After the seventh century, how did life for Byzantine women change?
They stayed at home more often and had to wear veils.
Which of the following are not among the influences that the Mongols had on Korea?
They taught the Koreans to sail and build ships
How did the Romans view the natural world?
They used mythology to explain the unknowns of the universe
What motivated Mesopotamian conquests of far-reaching territories ____________?
They wanted access to vital resources
Why were major powers reluctant to intervene in conflicts?
They were afraid to become involved in long costly conflicts.
What can be said about Japanese emperors
They were called 'tenno' and didn't actually hold any power.
How did Mongol control impact Russia's Orthodox church?
They were granted great privileges
10. Which of the following was not something the U.S. hoped to gain by selling arms to Iran in the 1980's?
They were not trying to benefit from it [NOT]
What did the people of the Liao Empire of the Khitans do
They were pastoral nomads.
What are some of the ways that medieval noblewomen participated in feudal society?
They were pawns in marriage, took care/administered their husband's land when he was away at war and wove cloth/clothing/etc.
The advantage of the caravel was what?
They were ⅕ the size of the largest Junk ships and because of that they could enter shallow waters around the coast and explore upriver but they were strong enough to weather strong ocean storms
Identify Topiltzin
a Toltec leader and a priest dedicated to the god Quetzalact
which of the following was not a social result of the black death epidemic
a call for democracy
After WWI, radio communication in Latin America was controlled by
a cartel of US, British, and French companies.
What is an umma?
a community defined soley by accepting of Islam and of Muhammad as the "Messenger of God"
The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to what?
a decade of growing unrest among the non muslim Arabs who resented not achieving equal status with the Arabs
(Ch. 21) The guillotine was...
a device used to execute people.
The religion of the Central Asian nomads was
a diverse mixture of various religions
The increase in the number of Europeans overseas was largely due to
a drop in the death rate
When Tsar Alexander I died in 1825, reformers in the military provoked
a failed uprising called the "Decembrist Revolt."
What Scandinavian raiders built kingdoms in Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland?
Viking captains.
mercantilism is
a government policy that protects trade and demands the accumulation of gold and silver
10. The spread of Islam to lands south of the Sahara came about through
a gradual and peaceful process
The duration and isolation of Early American cultures led to what?
a greater social stratification and the beginnings of urbanization in both regions
The internet is
a linkage of academic, governmental, and business computer networks.
(Ch. 21) The Congress of Vienna was...
a meeting of delegates from Britain, Austria, Russia, and other European countries to restore order in Post-Napoleonic Europe.
10. The challenge to the church and its supporters was intense and emotional, resulting in what?
Violence and bitter "Wars of Religion" fought over a mixture of religious and secular issues.
(Ch.28) During the first world war, the Russian army
WAS VERY LARGE BUT POORLY SUPPLIED AND LEAD
(Cold War) The Helsinki Accords
WERE ALL OF THESE OF FINALIZED IN 1975, WERE A PRECURSOR TO HUMAN RIGHTS DIALOGUE, CALLED FOR GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMIC CONTACT ACROSS THE IRON CURTAIN, SAID THAT NO BOUNDARIES SHOULD BE CHANGED BY THE MILITARY FORCE
Why did Meccan leaders drive Muhammad out of Mecca? What was the result?
WHY: they feared that accepting him as the sole agent of the 1true God would threaten their power and prosperity RESULT: Muhammad and his follers fled Mecca and moved to Medina
Why & how did the Assyrian Empire collapse?
WHY:Assyrian brutality and exploitation aroused a hatred of conquered peoples. Changes in the ethnoc composition of the army and the population of the homeland had reduced popular support for the Assyrian state. The arms race with Urartu, the frequent expensive campaigns, and the protection of lengthy borders had sapped Assyrian resources. HOW: The Medes and Neo-Babylonians launced a series of attacks on the Assyrian homelands that destroyed the chief cities by 612 B.C.E.
Explain why the causes and effects of the Crusades?
Wanting to conquest land, trade expansion on Muslim territory, rivalry between popes and kings and church political zeal. Effects were the Europeans were exposed to Muslim culture which open their eyes to new technologies.
What is the relationship between tool making and meat eating in the Stone Age?
an increase in meat eating=increased tool making
The motives for the September 11, 2001 attacks include
anger at American influence in the Middle East.
The ancestor of modern Vietnam was formed when Annam
annexed Champa
To ensure good crops, Greek farmers relied entirely on what?
annual rainfall (no major rivers for irrigation projects or floods)
(Cold War) South African governments used policies of racial segregation called
apartheid
25. South African governments used policies of racial segregation called
apartheid
Agriculture in Mesopotamia depended on__________?
artificial irrigation and canals
(Ch. 20) European visitors to Ming China in the sixteenth century were
astonished by its power, manufacturing, and vast population
An example of the sophistication of the Greek thinkers was the development of the theory that the world is composed of what?
atoms
(Ch. 21) In response to economic depression, hunger, and high bread prices in 1789, a Parisian crowd...
attacked the Bastille
As economic depression, hunger and high bread prices combined in 1789, how did a Parisian crowd react?
attacked the bastille
Despite Gandhi's wealthy background, he
attracted poor followers
One of Rousseau's most radical ideas was that government should do what?
authority rested on the consent of the governed
(Ch. 21) One of Rousseau's most radical ideas was that government...
authority rested on the consent of the governed.
4. Human migrations spread many useful plants and animals around the tropics by 1200. These included
banana, yams and coca
29. Because of the trade through the Strait of Malacca, Malacca became an important port and also
became a meeting place for traders from around the Eurasian world
By 1500, the english parliament
became a permanent part of english government
The war for Greek independence resulted in the
defeat of the Ottomans by the combined Russian, British, and French fleets.
The Monroe Doctrine was an attempt by the United States to
defend the entire Western Hemisphere for outside invasion.
(Ch. 20) The motivation for Russian expansion to the east was
demand for animal pelts and other resources in Siberia
(Ch. 21) When the Parisian crowd marched to Versailles, it...
demanded the return of the royal family to Paris.
What most likely caused the collapse of the Toltec Empire around 1150?
destroyed by nomadic invaders
35. In India, Islamic invasion practically did what?
destroyed the last strong holds of Buddhism
In 1793, the French hired Nicholas-Jacques Conte to do what?
develop graphite for use in pencil
34. The Cold War isolated and excluded Japan from world political issues, helping Japan to rebuild and
develop its economic strength
21. The characteristic ship of the Arabian Sea was the
dhow
(Ch. 21) The French Revolution....
did not create an enduring form of representative democracy
Karl Marx defined "surplus value" as the
difference between wages and the value of goods
Which of the following was not one of the techniques employed by the Mongols to defeat the armies they faced?
diplomacy
The British wanted to expand to Southern Africa because of
discoveries of gold and diamonds.
most slaves died of
disease
When Alexander the Great died, what happened to his vast empire?
divided into 3 Macedonian Dynasties (West, Central & East) (Selucid, Ptolemaic, Antigonid)
According to Egyptian belief, the function assigned by the gods to the Egyptian kings was to maintain ma'at, or the?
divinely authorized order of the universe
14. The Turkish invaders successfully invaded India due to
division of India into small states
which of the following is not a distinctive feature of the gothic cathedral?
domes
Carthaginian explorer Hanno sailed where?
down the west african coast
Although much of India is fertile land, its agriculture suffered mostly because of
drought.
The Israelites became devoted to their stern and warlike god, Yahweh, during what events?
during 40 years of wandering in the desert
Urban industrial working-class women had the difficult task of
earning a living as well as keeping house and children
The Timurids supported the advancement of astronomical observation, particularly the discovery of
eclipse prediction
A consequence of industrialization of Brazil was
ecological changes.
Free-trade imperialism in Latin America meant
economic dependence instead of direct colonization.
The main cause of the environmental stress during World War II was the
economic development that sustained the fighting.
31. The goal of Castro and his revolution was to end American
economic imperialism
(Ch. 29) Hitler's popularity came in large part from the German people's belief that
economic well-being outweighed a loss of liberty.
Hitler's popularity came in large part from the German people's belief that
economic well-being outweighed a loss of liberty.
Democracy in Africa had "mixed results;" however, in 1994 South Africa
elected Nelson Mandela and democracy was used to resolve conflicts.
The North American Free Trade Agreement
eliminated tariffs among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
Families were considered middle-class only if they
employed a full-time servant
The Boxer Uprising was a series of riots
encouraged by Chinese officials against foreign presence
Despite the Stalinist terror, Soviet women
entered jobs and careers previously closed to them.
29. What explains the low birthrates of older industrial nations?
environmental pollution
Which of the following is not one of the issues that were the focus of the International Women's Rights Conferences in Kenya and China?
equal access to jobs and education [NOT]
Which of the following was not an idea that Liberalism asserted?
equality for all peoples
Efforts to eliminate people of a different ethnic group is called
ethnic cleansing
generally, the atlantic slave trade was based on a partnership between
european and african elites
which of the following is true regarding the Atlantic trade
europeans gained far more wealth than africans
Indian nationalists during WWI supported Britain enthusiastically and
expected that India would be granted independence after the war.
During the Crimean War, Russia
exploited the weakness of the Ottoman Empire.
The Emperor Yongle restored commercial links with the Middle East by
exploring maritime connections and encouraging the voyages of Zheng He
The development of nitroglycerin was important for
explosives.
To better exploit the economic potential of Latin America,
extensive railroad systems were built.
39. Although immigrants from developing nations bring many benefits to a new country, they
faced anti-immigrant discrimination and resentment
21. Like merchants in the Islamic world, European merchants relied upon...
family and ethnic networks
Gandhi protested British violence and polices by
fasting
The Chinese rigorously censored information to foreigners because they
feared technology transfer
identify Quetzalcoatl
feathered serpant
The finances of the Qing Empire in the 1800s
featured an empty treasury and stagnant economy.
The war in Bosnia in 1992 began when
fighting erupted between Muslims, Catholics, and Orthodox groups in Yugoslavia.
The middle class exhibited its wealth in
fine houses, servants, and elegant entertainment
The Qin ruler took the title Shi Huangdi, which meant
first emperor
the clock was
first used as a regular part of urban life in the Latin West
What did the colonial wars of the eighteenth century trigger?
fiscal crisises in Britain and France
What two-types of death ensured eternal life?
flowery death or fighting till the end
The most important African network of cultural exchange was what?
folk migration
What were some examples of tribute payments?
food slaves, and sacrificial victims
The United States annexed Hawaii
for strategic reasons.
Most early human activity centered on what?
foraging (hunting and gathering)
(Ch. 21) Support for the Haitian revolution was found in the gens de couleur, who were....
free men and women of color in Haiti.
The Platt Amendment
gave the United States the right to intervene to maintain "order" in the Caribbean.
Cultural imperialism has spread Western tastes and styles around the globe by using
global marketing
The Inca, considered virtually a _____, ruled the empire from Cuzco.
god
Identify Tlaloc
god of rain
25. The economic and political power of Great Zimbabwe was based on long distance trade in
gold, copper and salt
large churches originating in 12th century france; built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows
gothic cathedral
what "architectural wonder" first made its appearance in France on or about 1140
gothic cathedrals
13. All of the Newly Industrialized Economies (NIEs) share the characteristic of having
government sponsorship and protection
a division in the latin christian church between 1378 and 1417, when rival claimants to the papacy existed in Rome and Avignon
great western schism
Warming caused by the earth's atmospheric gases is called the
greenhouse effect.
26. The city of Aden in Arabia was an excellent location for
growing grain and convenient stopover for traders
Chinese resentment toward Europeans and Americans mostly stemmed from the
growing numbers and increasing privileges of Europeans and Americans.
34. Increases in global immigration are due in large part to
growing populations in developing nations
36. The prosperity of the Asian and African kingdoms from 1200 to 1500 was accompanied by the
growth of slavery
an association of men (rarely women), such as merchants, artisans, or professors who worked in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interests. They were important in other societies, such as the ottoman and safavid empires
guild
The Mongol leader, the khan,
had his decisions ratified by a council
windmills and watermills
had long been common in the Islamic world
Industrial chemistry was a great advantage to Germany because Germany
had the most advanced scientific institutions
in return for the use of their lord's land, serfs
had to give the lord a share of the harvest and perfom services
in the 17th century carribean, indentures servants costs _______ as slaves
half as much
an economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in 14th century
hanseatic league
Many Japanese nationalists thought that the answer to the Depression was to
have Japanese colonies.
The Medes were the first Iranian people to do what?
have a complex level of political organization
Although Tsar Alexander II emancipated the serfs,
he failed to create a modern state based on the Western model
What did Usama bin Laden do after being expelled from Saudi Arabia?
he moved operations to Sudan and then Afghanistan.
List the Semitic family of languages
hebrew, aramaic, and phoenician of the ancient world and arabic of today
What central role did the military class play?
helped stabelize Aztec empire
In Argentina, Juan Peron was elected president in 1946 with the help of
his wife, Eva Peron.
The development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices and events are the subject of what?
history
Identify huacas
holy shrines
The Indian Civil Service was considered one of the most _____ bureaucracies of all time.
honest
Hostility and jealousy between city-states led to the emergence of new types of warfare with soldiers called?
hoplite
The important Han innovations include what
horse collar, windmill, crossbow
In addition to agriculture, a fundamental resource of China was
human labor
European scholars, writers, and teachers associated with the study of the humanities (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, histroy, languages, and moral philosophy0, influential in the 15th century and later
humanists
series of campaigns over the control of the throne of france, involving french and english royal families and french noble families
hundred years war
Which of the following is not among the earliest reforms of the Ottoman Empire?
implementation of laws to protect women and children from abuse and abandonment
The most important factor in making Western culture available to the rest of the world was
improved technology
24. Independence in French West Africa came slowly because of French promises of vast
improvements for Africans
How did the slaves express their resistance to their colonisl masters in Latin America?
in many formas including sabotage, malingering, running away, and rebellion
The early Han emperors reformed the Legalist system by
incorporating Confucianism again to stabilize the empire
The growth of settled agricultural communities resulted in what?
increase of cultural activities
(Ch. 29) Stalin's first five year plan stressed
increased in electricity and heavy industries.
Stalin's First Five-Year Plan stressed
increases in electricity and heavy industries.
Europeans transformed the environment of Southeast Asian dependencies by
increasing agricultural production by introducing cinchona and rubber.
Which form of complementary labor was added ot the English colonies in the America?
indentured servants
16. Nations became independent at the end of the World War II primarily because of the rise of
independence movements
How does the Peloponnesian War reveal an inherent flaw in Greek society?
independent polis fostered rivalry, mistrust, & conflict
What ideas did John Locke argue?
individual rights are the foundation of civil government
Bismarck's plan to unite most German-speaking people into a single state was centered on using
industry and nationalism
in europe's later middle ages women were considered to be
inferior to men
Mesopotamian priests ______
inherited their position from their fathers
When Indians defied the British and developed a steel industry, it
inspired national pride and desire for self-rule.
What was the Enlightenment?
intellectual movement - methods and questions of scientific revolution were applied
The Meiji oligarchs transformed Japan by
introducing a new army, education system, and industry
When the Parisian crowd marched to Versailles, it demanded what?
invade the palace
The pharaoh Akhenaten is credited by many historians with doing what?
inventing Monotheism (The belief in one exclusive god)
How did the Roman architecture departed from the Greek style?
invention of concrete led to less use of rock and marble, stronger buildings led to an increase of arches
7. The most abundant metal worked in the tropics was
iron
What metal was crucially important to the Central Asian nomads
iron
The development of metallurgy in Africa included what metals?
iron, copper
The Phoenician alphabetic writing system was a great gift to Greece because?
it allowed for literacy without years of study and was used to form the first true alphabet
Why was the synagogue important to Jews?
it gave them an institution to maintain their culture outside their homeland
(Ch. 21) Saint Domingue (in Haiti) was most important to France because...
it generated 1/3 of all French foreign trade.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has most often been criticized because
it ignores the values of non-Western cultures and religions.
Why did the city of Jerusalem become important when the Ark of the Covenant arrived?
it made the city the religious and the political center of the kingdom
What does the practice of feng shui accomplish?
it orients buildings in harmony with the heaven
What official role did the Catholic Church play in the persecution of Jews in Medieval Europe?
it played no official role in the persecution, as the Church was officially the protector of Jews.
An advantage of Mongol rule was that
it promoted the spread of ideas and movement of people in Eurasia
Why was China's development unique?
it was geographically separate from the rest of East Asia. •it was largely independent of the complex societies in the middle east
which of the following does not describe the dutch west india company
it was never profitable
The German attack at Stalingrad was important because
it was the key to the Soviet oil supply.
which of the following does not describe the divine comedy?
it was written in latin like most literature of the time
(ch 29)8. The prime motivation for the Japanese invasion of Southeast Asia was...
its abundant oil and rubber production
The prime motivation for the Japanese invasion of Southeast Asia was
its abundant oil and rubber production.
One of the principal reasons the Assyrian Empire was vulnerable to military assault was?
its expensive military campaigns and arm race
Southeast Asia had great economic potential because of
its fertile soil, constant warmth and heavy rains.
22. The largest, most technologically advanced ship in the Indian Ocean was the Chinese
junk
The United States purchased the Philippines after the Spanish-American War in large part to
keep out other ambitious colonialist powers.
in the 18th century, what was the major source of slaves in the interior of the bight of biafra
kidnapping
The Brahmins were important because they
knew how to perform rituals and prayers
The significance of the Crimean War was that it
marked the transition to modern warfare with the use of breech-loading rifles.
The 1947 independence of Pakistan and India was
marred by violence between Muslims and Hindus
What were some important functions of the calpulli?
marriages and military achevements
(Ch. 21) Aside from the brutal conditions on Saint Domingue, the island erupted in revolt because....
of the mystical visions of its leader
When Indians revolted against colonial authorities at the beginning of WWII, the British government
offered India its independence after the war.
What did Greek farmers find grew in the dry environment of Greece?
olives, grapes & barley
(Ch. 14) By the time it subsided, the Black Death had killed
one out of three western Europeans
by the time it subsided, the black death killed
one out of three western europeans
during "seasoning" ______ of the new slaves died
one third
The major decision of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 was that Europeans could
only colonize Africa by "effective occupation."
The Greeks believed that their gods gave advice through who?
oracles
Women in the Taiping Rebellion were
organized into military brigades.
The goal of the International Working Man's Association was to
overthrow the bourgeoise
Though Greek sources depict Persian women as political pawns; recent findings suggest that Persian women of the elite class did what?
owned property and had political influence
The Mexican Revolution produced an "explosion" of creativity, for example, the
paintings of Frida Kahlo.
What were some of the traditional deities of Mesoamerica?
rain, fire, water, corn, the sky, the sun
military conquests by various iberian christian states to recapture territory taken by muslims. In 1492 the last muslim ruler was defeated, and spain and portugal emerged as united kingdoms
reconquest
Egyptian administrative and government records were ______
recorded on papyrus, an early form of paper
(ch 29)17. One of the most significant longlasting consequences of WW2 in the U.S. was the...-
recruitment of women and minorities into the labor force
One of the most significant long-lasting consequences of World War II in the United States was the
recruitment of women and minorities into the labor force.
The World Trade Organization was founded to
reduce trade barriers and enforce international trade agreements
The French government's political motive for participating in the New Imperialism was to
reestablish national prestige through territory overseas.
The construction of a railroad in Russia
relied on foreign experts.
Mao Zedong's variety of Communism was radical departure from the traditional ideology because it
relied on the peasantry.
A revolutionary nineteenth-century idea was to realign national boundaries to fit
religious and linguistic divisions
The conflict between Il-khan and the Golden Horde originated in
religious differences
35. Despite the unprecedented global economic growth since 1945, the majority of the world's population
remains in poverty
a period of intense artistics and intellectual activity, said to be the "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture. Usually divided into an italian renaissance, from roughly the mid-14th to mid-15th century, and a northern renaissance.
renaissance
Why did the Archaic Period in Greece begin?
renewed contact with the Phoenicians
the cultivation and production of sugar can best be described as
requiring farm as well as factory production methods
Because of the influence of Confucian ethics, Chinese values emphasized
respect, family, obedience
Cyrus and his father ruled their empire by following a practical approach of what?
respecting local priests and native traditions
Saint Domingue was most important to France because
responsible for 1/3 of all foreign trade
Colonies that were called protectorates
retained their traditional governments.
When Emiliano Zapata seized the land, he
returned it to the Indian villages.
(Ch. 21) Napoleon won the support of the peasantry and the middle class by...
rewriting French law to assert equality in law and protection of property.
Roman technological expertise is evident in
roads, bridges, aqueducts, arches
Hevea trees that were transplanted around the world produced
rubber for tires and rainwear.
What does "inca" mean?
ruler
Identify Pachacuti
ruler of Inca empire
38. What active roles or special skills did women of the tropical regions play or contribute to their communities?
ruling many countries throughout the tropics
The first king to unite many Sumerian city-states was who?
sargon
The practice of cremating widows on their husband's funeral pyre was called
sati
37. The status of women in tropical India may have improved based on reports that
sati or widow burning became optional
The Persian provinces were administered by who?
satraps (provincial governors)
What were the fundamental environmental factor(s) in Iran?
scarcity of water, deserts (...of Balachistan,Great Salt), Persian Gulf & Caspian Sea, mountains (Zagros, Caucasus, ...of Afghanistan)
Diaspora means what?
scattering, dispersion
the three-field system was
an agricultural method
The overthrow of the Venezuelan, Mexican, and Bolivian colonial governments was initially led by
D. landowning creoles.
With the end of colonialism in the Americas, Amerindians
D. lost the protection of the colonial powers
37. The Dutch turned their colonies over to Britain after
D. the French armies occupied the Netherlands
1. Internal pressures in Africa between 1750 and 1870 resulted in
D. the creation of new states
3. What new crop became an important aspect of the Agricultural Revolution?
D. the potato
9. Josiah Wedgwood's innovations in porcelain were made possible by
D. using mass production methods
39. Charles Fourier and other opponents of capitalism advocated
D. utopian socialism
(Ch.28)German Civilians during the war were significantly affected by
CROP FAILURES, BRITISH BLOCKAGES OF SUPPLY DELIVERIES A " TURNIP WINTER", RATIONING IN FAVOR OF THE MILITARY
32. The spread of Islam to India promoted a new language that combined Persian and Hindi influence called
Urdu
(Ch.28) Japan had
VERY FEW NATURAL RESOURCES AND LITTLE ARABLE LAND
19. The playwright who was elected president of Czechoslovakia in 1990 was
Vaclav Havel
While pressing into Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean, who did the Ottomans fight many wars with?
Venice.
Before the Assyrian king made a state decision he did what?
Consulted the Gods
7. In the Soviet Union there was a post war economic recovery followed by growing inefficiency that created shortages of
Consumer goods and food
Which of the following technological improvements did not change the Argentinian cattle industry at the end of the nineteenth century?
E. antibiotics
Low literacy levels and a weak constitutional tradition in Latin America resulted in
E. few checks on ambitious politicians
27. Deaths in World War I numbered between ________ million.
[B] 8 and 10
23. Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the
[B] Bolsheviks.
18. European industries such as iron, construction, and machinery were stimulated by
E. first building a railroad network
In his revolution, Simón Bolívar was aided by all but which of the following?
E. his strong anti-emancipation stance.
28. Factory work provided families with what type of earnings?
E. insufficient earnings to make ends meet, often father, mother& children worked.
3. The Zulu kingdom arose primarily from
E. internal conflicts over grazing and farm lands
In 2002, the European Union promoted economic growth and free trade by
adopting a common currency, the Euro
The Phoenicians developed a system of writing based on what?
an alphabet in which each symbol represented a sound
After the fall of Rome in the fifth century, what happened to the western Roman Empire?
Family based traditions became more dominant, and the protection of strongmen was more needed.
The preferred language of the reformed educational system was
French.
(Ch. 14) A guild was
an association of craft specialists from the same trade
a guild was
an association of craft specialists from the same trade
What did Columbus promise Spain he would do? Was he successful?
He promised Spain he would "acquire islands and mainlands"
(Ch. 21) Why was Napoleon Bonaparte successful?
He promised order and stability in France.
(Ch. 29) Which of the following was not among Mao Zedong's policies toward women?
He put women in leadership positions.
The Indus Valley system of writing is called _________
an early Dravidian language since no one has yet deciphered it
40. Anti-immigrant feelings in industrialized nations are mostly due to
an ethically derived sense of nationality
How did the Greeks view the sea?
an important connector
Why does the World Trade Organization attract critics and protests?
It is dominated by the world's seven richest nations and Russia.
In September of 1792, rumors of counterrevolutionary plots caused mobs to
It lead to mobs killing nearly half of French prisoners.
26. What were the positive and negative aspects of the iron industry?
It provided work for miners, lumberjacks, and charcoal makers but caused major deforestation
The term investiture controversy refers to the
It refers to the medieval struggle between the church and secular rulers.
The result of the Smoot-Hawley tariff in 1930 was
decreased exports and crippled world trade.
16. Which is most true of Communist states by the 1980s and 1990s?
deep division had appeared among them
(Cold War) Kenya faced a difficult task in winning independence mostly because
of the influence of coffee planters
What were the policies used by Alexander the Great to control his vast empire?
promoted local militias
Describe the role of Roman women?
Controlled by men, could not own property or legally represent themselves, over time it changed so that they experienced more freedom and higher levels of education and political influence.
Islamic mathematician Nasir al-Din strongly influenced
Copernicus
What plants were domesticated and formed the staple of the Mesoamerican diet?
Corns, beans, and squash
Why was the Mughal Empire prosperous in the 16th century?
It thrived on a cotton based economy.
What role did Rome play in the circumstance surrounding Jesus' ministry and acclimation by his followers as the messiah
Roman controlled Judea/Palestine
Explain how Christopher Columbus came to Portugal and eventually won favor with Spain.
...
Section 1: Causes of the Industrial Revolution
...
Section 1: Japanese Reunification
...
Section 2: Technological Revolution
...
Section 2: The Later Ming and Early Qing Empires
...
Section 3: The Impact of the Early Industrial Revolution
...
Section 3: The Russian Empire
...
Section 4: New Economic and Political Ideas
...
Section 5: Industrialization and the Non Industrialized World
...
Explain how Cortez conquered the Aztecs?
Cortes overcame Aztec opposition with cavalry charges and steel swords and by gaining the support of thousands of Amerindian allies from among the unhappy subjects of the Aztecs
What was the result of each of the three wars Rome had with Carthage?
1) C attacks R= R wins 2) C attacks R= R wins 3) R attacks C= R wins
In what ways were China and Russia similar?
1) they were land based 2) incorportated diverse new peoples. 3)tolerance to new cultures but with the ultimate perception that their ways are superior. 4) forced labor.
Russian expansion created a diverse society, including groups like the
Cossacksa - group of predominantly East Slavic people who originally were members of democratic, semi-military communities in Ukraine and Southern Russia.
What was true about women in Mesopotamia?
Could own property Could maintain control of their dowry Could even engage in trade Some could even work outside the household
6. The "Contras" were
Counterrevolutionaries
At Nanjing, the Japanese troops raped
20,000 Chinese women.
life expectancy for 19th century brazilian male slaves was
23 years
The total Aztec population may have reached more than _____ million.
25
List some characteristics about Arab armies in their empire
1.All Muslim 2.Arabs adopted administrative practices 3.replaced non muslims secretaries and tax official with muslims 4.Arabic was language of government
The Confucian view of proper female behavior was exemplified by the
3 submissions: 1) her parents 2) husband 3) son
the average life expectancy for a european of this period was
30-35 years
One of the most enduring consequences of the Roman Empire has been the
Romanization (language, dress, culture)
Which French Estate declared itself to be the National Assembly?
3rd estate
(Ch.28)In 1900, China's population was
400 MILLION
The 1898 battle at Omdurman resulted in 11,000 Sudanese deaths, with British deaths totaling
48.
(ch 29)15. The Holocaust is estimated to have killed...
6 million Jews
The Holocaust is estimated to have killed
6 million Jews.
during the "sugar boom" from 1650-1800, ________ slavers were transported
7.5 million
In what year did Charles Martel stop the Muslim's most advanced raiding party in Tours, France?
732
After the decline of the Tang Empire, the states that emerged were
The Liao Empire of Khitans, the Tangguts and the Song Empire.
What were the products that China exported along the Silk Road?
1.peaches and apricots 2.cinnamon, ginger, spices 3.silk 4.paper
Many important centers of the Middle East and Mediterranean region were destroyed around what year?
1200 B.C.E.
The Minoan civilization collapsed around what year?
1450 B.C.E
Agriculture was spread widely throughout the Americas by what year?
1500 CE
The Constituion allowed the slave trade to continue until what year?
1808
42. An example of new awareness for environmental issues in the United States was the Environmental Protection Agency in
1970
Television did not spread to most non-Western cultures until the
1980's
7. A poor policy decision by the Argentinean military junta that precipitated its collapse was the
1982 Falkland Island war with Great Britain
20. East Germany was united with West Germany in
1990
23. The Soviet Union was dissolved in what year
1991
Soviet deaths during World War II numbered between
20 and 25 million.
(Ch.28)Deaths in WW1 numbered between
8 AND 10 MILLION
Over ______ kulaks were arrested, some were executed, and the rest starved to death in gulags.
8 million
During the first 150 years after the European discovery of the americas, how many Africans were transported in the atlantic slave trade
800,000
One percent of the Mexican population owned
85 percent of the land.
(Ch. 14) What percentage of Western European population was rural during the late Middle Ages?
90%
on most islands, the percentage of slaves in the population was
90percent
(Ch.28) In 1923, Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) turned Turkey into
A SECULAR REPUBLIC
(Ch. 14) Which of the following was not a social result of the Black Death epidemic?
A call for democracy, but it was a demand by laborers for higher pay, peasant revolutions, an increase in per capita production, an end of serfdom for all intents and purposes
Conquistador means?
A conquistador was an early 16th century Spanish adventurer who conquered Mexico, Central America and Peru
In Virginia, colonial government consisted of which offices or people?
A crown-appointed governor and his council, as well as the House of Burgesses
What was an encomienda?
A grant of authority over a population of AMerindians in the Spanish colonies. It provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods y the Amerindians. It obliged the grant holder to Christianize the Amerindians.
What was the Devhirme system?
A levy of male children in Christian villages that placed them with Turkish families to learn the language and then go into military training.
The Spartan city-state can be described as what?
A militaristic society
12. Europeans believed that when natural disasters like earthquakes occurred, the cause was what?
A punishment sent by god
What prevented the Mongols from invading Japan?
A storm prevented them from establishing a base
In the 1920s, Japan A) struggled politically but succeeded economically. B) succeeded both politically and economically. C) struggled both politically and economically. D) struggled economically but succeeded politically. E) underwent a sweeping Communist revolution.
A) struggled politically but succeeded economically.
Amerindian- born Spanish whites were called?
Creoles
In the nineteenth century, Mexico lost all but which of the following?
A. Florida to the US
The rise of Mycenaean civilization can be explained primarily through cultural influence from where?
Crete
What are the tenets of Zoroastrianism?
Ahuramazda created the world, one supreme deity, reward or punishment in afterlife, triumph of good over evil •NOT: belief in reincarnation of the dead
4. The movement that began with the rejection of the Pope's authority was the ?
protestant reformation
31. The Indian Civil Service comprised mostly
B. educated British administrators
10. Egyptian modernization was paid for by
B. encouraging peasants to grow cotton for export
In 1830, the Indian Removal Act
B. forced the resettlement of Cherokee, Creek, and Choctaw peoples
23. In order to expand their trade and profits in India, British, French and Dutch "company men"
B. fought and bargained to get Indian permission for trading posts
Canada decided to reduce Asian immigration in the 1880s by
B. imposing a head tax on Chinese immigrants
6. What factors gave Britain a "head start" on the Industrial Revolution?
B. it recovered from the Plague more quickly than the rest of Europe
20. The spread of Western cultural influences in West Africa was due in large part to
B. mission churches and schools in Sierra Leone and Liberia
6. The Zulu succeeded in creating a new
B. national identity
38. To address the misery of the poor, French socialists proposed that workers form communities under the protection of business leaders, known as
B. positivism
The Mexican revolutionaries José María Morelos and Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla were
B. priests
How did the Paraguayan War help to end slavery in Brazil?
B. slaves joined the Brazilian army in exchange for freedom
8. What new forms of energy were important for industrialization?
B. the steam engine and electricity.
29. The Sepoy Rebellion in 1857 was sparked by
B. the use of a new rifle cartridge
(Ch.28)The only German naval battle utilizing the expensive high seas Fleet was at the
BATTLE OF JUTLAND
(Ch. 28)Most European nations thought the war that started in 1914 would
BE WON BY THE FASTEST MOVING ARMY AND THE BOLDEST GENERAL
(Ch.28)Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the
BOLSHEVIKS
(Ch.28) Zionism was supported as an official policy by which country
BRITAIN
Who founded the Mughal Empire?
Babur. (Think Babar the elephant)
When confronted with the choice of economic growth or environmental protection, how did nations respond?
D. all nations chose economic growth
(ch 29)7. The German army was routed from North Africa by which army?
British
The British frustration by the enormous trade deficit with China led to
British export of opium to China.
A feudum, or fief, was
It was a land grant given in return for a military service pledge.
The Qing were complacent about the European threat in part based on the assumption that the
British were remote and uninterested in trade.
Where did Islam effectively counter European Christianity?
Brunei in north Borneo and in the Achen Sultanate in North Sumatra.
The Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade fostered the spread of which religion?
Buddhism
With the king of Spain imprisoned by the French, the authority of Spanish colonial officials was in reality based on
D. brute force
5. The kingdoms of Lesotho and Swazi were created
D. by attracting refugees from Zulu raids
36. The Indian National Congress initially sought more rights for Indians
D. by promoting ethnic and religious unity
A universally acceptable women's rights agenda at the International Women's Right's Conferences
proved elusive
33. The Industrial Revolution's real beneficiaries were the
A. Owners such as factory, railroad, steel, bankers, large land owners, also skilled workers such as mechanics and engineers. These skilled workers became the foundation for the middle class
One area most Latin American governments had difficulty with was
D. deciding whether the church would retain religious monopoly and control of education as in the colonial era
22. Although the East India Company was founded in 1600, the British gradually colonized India by
D. defeating the French and picking apart the decaying Mughal Empire
42. The first British settlers in Australia were
D. exiled convicts
18. Africans wanted European manufactured goods, so when the slave trade ended, Africans
D. expanded their "legitimate" trade by developing new exports
Much of Cuba's dense forest was cut for what purpose?
D. expanding sugar production
Jose de San Martin's most effective troops were
D. former slaves
2. The result of the 19th century population explosion in Europe was
D. from the country to the city
46. Most indentured servants left their homes because they
D. hoped to better their economic and social position
27. Single women and married women both did factory work but for different reasons, such as
D. married women worked if their husbands were unable to support their families, many single women came to work in factories to escape the rural lifestyle
16. Why did the slave trade end?
A. Slave revolts and humanitarian reform movements
Slaves could be manumitted by?
purchasing their freedom or giving birth to a child of the master, or being that child
Which of the following was not a result of the Treaty of Nanking?
China was able to retain its protective tariffs to protect fledgling industries.
21. Eastern African states are referred to as "secondary empires" because they were
D. not directly controlled by Europeans but were supplied with European weapons
After the profitability of sugar plantations declined, the British
D. pushed for the end of slavery
40. What ways did workers resist harsh treatment?
D. signing petitions and presenting them to the town government, they could not strike or protest for fear of losing their jobs
How did the emancipation of slaves in the United States affect African-Americans?
C. "Jim Crow" laws that segregated public transportation, jobs, and schools
Emperor Pedro I of Brazil published an article in which he called slavery
C. "a cancer eating away at Brazil"
The initial key to opening the Silk Road was what?
China's eagerness for western products (horses), and on the west coast, and the organized Parthian state
4. The Agricultural Revolution was a change in farming methods and crops that resulted in
C. -rich farmers "enclosing" their lands and poor farmers becoming landless. -more food being produced, large farms taking over small farms
45. Plantation workers served contracts of indenture that usually lasted
C. 5-7 years
43. How does industrialization change China's relationship with the West?
C. Great Britain used steam powered gunboats to humiliate China's military in the Opium Wars. Great Britain "steals" Hong Kong for 100 years as a result.
39. The migration of Afrikaners from British-ruled Cape Colony for fertile land in the north is called the
C. Great Trek
31. Who and how did the cotton boom affect?
C. Manufactors became rich, plantation owners became wealthy, however small farmers were still poor, and it also created an increase for the need of slaves
35. The first reformer to advocate Pan-Indian nationalism was
C. Rammohun Roy
The Women's Rights Convention was held in
C. Senecca Falls, New York
Jose de San Martin led Chilean and Argentine forces against
C. Spanish military forces
The Shawnee leader who created a large organized alliance of Amerindians of the Ohio River Valley and Great Britain was
C. Tecumsah
42. How is the relationship between Western Europe and the non-Western world affected by industrialization?
C. The WEST dominated the non-western world such as in Africa, Western and Southern Asia, and South America
35. What does Adam Smith propose in The Wealth of Nations?
C. The government should not interfere in business, laize faire
Why were Caribbean settlers not enthusiastic about independence from European imperial governments?
C. They feared slave revolts
Simón Bolívar created Gran Colombia, which was to unify
C. Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador into one nation
29. How were children factory workers treated?
C. Worked fourteen to sixteen hours a day and were beaten to stay awake, made ¼ as much as men
4. The most powerful and most feared fighters in southern Africa were the
C. Zulu
32. What types of people and businesses did not experience economic growth and prosperity during the Industrial Revolution?
A. Unskilled workers (such as farm workers & factory workers), cottage industry workers, skilled workers who used their hands to produce goods (blacksmiths)
27. The central British reform in India before 1850 aimed to
A. create a powerful and efficient government
Canada's desire for political autonomy led to the "birthday of a new nationality" when Britain
A. agreed to the Confederation of 1867
34. The deadliest disease in India was kala mari (black death), also known as
A. cholera
After Pedro I declared independence in 1822, Brazil's new government was a
A. constitutional monarchy
7. How did other European countries respond to Britain's head start in the Industrial Revolution?
A. eliminated internal tariff barriers and opened technical schools.
The Plains Indians successfully resisted U.S. expansion in part because they
A. had become skilled users of horses and firearms
36. Thomas Malthus's explanation of workers' misfortunes was that
A. population was outgrowing the food supply
What city became the new imperial capital of the Roman Empire?
Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it after himself - Constantinople
40. The underlying goal of British imperialism in the mid-nineteenth century was to
A. promote British trade overseas
11. Why did England begin importing raw cotton?
A. the English Parliament banned importation of cotton cloth
33. In 1870, the Indian railroad system was
C. among the world's largest
21. The most dramatic environmental change caused by the Industrial Revolution was
A. the growth of urban populations
17. Why did oceangoing ships initially not use steam power?
A. they could not carry enough coal for a voyage
25. The East India Company's right to rule India gained legitimacy after the
A. victory at Bengal in 1765
Working-class women transformed gender relations by
A. working outside the home
Give some examples of the growing poverty in France
ALL OF THESE
Hitler's goal for Germany was to
ALL OF THESE
How was ocean shipping transformed by the mid-nineteenth century?
ALL OF THESE
Some women sought satisfaction outside of the home and became involved
ALL OF THESE
Plains Indian women had lost prestige because
C. buffalo hunting reduced dependency on crop growing
9. Which of the following was not one method used by Muhammad Ali to modernize Egypt?
C. by encouraging farmers to grow crops to prevent starvation
37. When Britons spoke of "the dismal science," they referred to
C. economics
28. The EIC transformed the Indian economy by
C. expanding agricultural production and decreasing industrial output
The distinctive features of the polis were an acropolis and an agora. What does acropolis and agora mean?
Acropolis - hilltop refuge/temple agora - market/gathering place
28. Twenty-eight million of the forty million people infected with the HIV virus live in
Africa
In Brazil, the economic importance of Amerindian slaves was eventually superseded by who?
African slaves
(Ch. 29) One of the most outspoken feminists of the Bolshevik Party was
Alexandra Kollontai.
The greatest of the cities of the Hellenistic Age is what?
Alexandria, Egypt (there were over 12 cities that Alexander named after himself)
General Zhang Jian is credited with introducing what to China?
Alfalfa and wine grapes
Indian Muslims formed a group to protest Hindu dominance of India called the
All India Muslim League
A technological advance of the late nineteenth century was
All of these
Among the cultural motives was a desire to
All of these
Egyptian modernization brought an accumulation of foreign debt, which caused
All of these
The economic motive for imperialism was/were
All of these
What was the result of the Spanish-American War?
All of these
Why did Europeans avoid taking formal colonies in Latin America?
All of these
When Rome took control of a foreign land, it normally did what?
Allowed considerable autonomy to local governors
Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were what?
An argument between Latin and Orthodox churches (they formally broke apart in 1054).
One advantage that Amerindians in Argentina and Chile had in checking settlers' southern expansion was?
C. herds of wild cattle
An argument to end slavery was that it was
C. immoral and violated universal human rights
What ways & methods did the United States use to assimilate immigrants?
D. teaching patriotism and nationalism in school
An important addition to the maritime revolution was what?
An important addition was made by Henry's explorers, they learned how to use the winds to return speedily to Portugal.
The Chinese family was considered to include what members?
Ancesters - living and dead
Where was the Inca Empire located?
Andean high lands
41. The Egyptian-Israeli was in 1973 led directly to the
Arab Oil embargo
The most convincing evidence indicates that camels were introduced to the Sahara from where?
Arabia
4. The "Dirty War" was fought in
Argentina
15. What is an example of the enormous quantities of iron produced and novel applications of it?
D. the Crystal Palace
Since the foraging lifestyle was not particularly unpleasant or hard, foragers had a great deal of time left for what?
Artistic endeavors, tool-making, and social life.
30. How did factory owners live up to their commitment to decent wages and housing?
C. lowered wages and imposed longer hours for their workers, after they had taken the job and moved into the factory apartment; workers had little choice but to accept it
In Latin America, who were "caudillos?"
C. personalist leaders who held power without constitutional sanction
The unity of the United States was threatened by rivalries over issues such as
C. slavery
The Roman Republic was not a true democracy; because it was ruled by who?
Assemblies of wealthy male members
The economic success of the US in the nineteenth century is suggested by
C. the US railroad network
12. By the 1840's Ethiopian leaders made _________ a top priority.
C. the purchase of European weapons and local production of weapons
Why was the Junta Central political body established?
C. to rule during the French occupation of Spain
the "clockwise" network of trade in the Atlantic was the
Atlantic circuit
(Ch. 29) Hitler's first invasion with a newly rearmed Germany was in
Austria
24. The LittleIce Age was a result of what?
Average temperatures falling by only a few degrees
Identify Huitzilopochtli
Aztec tribal patron
In what nation did the first Fascist regime take power? A) Germany B) Italy C) Russia D) France E) Japan
B) Italy
The failure of the Confederacy in the United States Civil War was due to
B. 75 years of stability of the existing national government
A French army was driven out of Mexico by
B. Benito Juarez
26. What is the British raj?
B. British rule of India
20. One profound impact that industrialization had on the world was that
B. Europe and North America were empowered at the expense of the rest of the world
30. Why was the Sepoy Rebellion a turning point in the history of India?
B. India came to be ruled directly by the British government
7. The consolidation of West African states, such as the Sokoto Caliphate, was inspired by
B. Islam
13. According to the chapter, what are the two advantages of mechanization?
B. Lower prices and increased productivity
8. Muhammad Ali's creation of modern Egypt was shaped by the shock of
B. Napoleon's occupation of Egypt
19. What invention revolutionized communication during the Industrial Revolution?
B. The electric telegraph
Which of the following were not among the similarities shared between Venezuelan leader Jose Antonio Paez and American Andrew Jackson?
B. They both rejected slavery as a socio-economic system
17. Ironically, the British were the world's greatest slave traders and later
B. became the most aggressive suppressers of the slave trade
2. The Nguni peoples of southeastern Africa traditionally had pursued a life based on
B. cattle and agriculture
14. Iron production was transformed by Abraham Darby's discovery that
B. coke could be used in the place of charcoal in the smelting process.
18. When the Delhi Sultanate began to lose control of its realm, new kingdoms emerged in India called
Bahmani and Vijayanagar
The most influential defender of Amerindians in the early colonial period was who?
Bartolome De Las Casas
29. The Cuban government was overthrown by Fidel Castro mostly because of the corruption of the
Batista regime
Despite the dominance of the French military, the British defeated Napoleon's navy in 1805 at
Battle of Trafalgar
Why did Ottoman historians call the period from 1718 to 1730 the Tulip Period?
Because Tulip bulbs were extremely popular at the time.
Women in Mesopotamian society had a lower status than in a hunter-gatherer society because of _________
Because in Mesopotamia food production depended on the heavy physcial labor of plowing, harvesting, and digging irrigation channels, jobs usually performed by men.
Why did extensive Islamic expansion into East Africa and South East ASia occur?
Because most Europeans did not treat local converts or the offspring of mixed peoples as full members of the commnity, but Islam did.
The Tang Empire is considered "cosmopolitan" because
Because of its breadth and diversity.
The Egyptian death ritual is complex because of ________
Because of their belief in the after life and of the rituals recorded in the Egyptian Book of the Dead
Aside from the brutal conditions on Saint Domingue, the island erupted in revolt because
Because the planters captured, tortured and executed Vincent Oge.
Why did the Fujiwara family of Heian Japan choose to entrust responsibility for local government to their warriors?
Because they wanted an aesthetic way of life.
What were chinampas?
Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth that had been placed in frames made of cane and rooted to the lake floor
38. Cape Colony was initially important to the British because it
C. was a supply station for the lengthy India route
25. What impact did industrial work have on the family?
C. work was now removed from the home and family members were separated all day, all for many the entire family worked at the factories
Napoleon's invasion of __________ led to his decline.
Belgium
(Cold War) Bangladesh emerged as an indepedent nation from
Bengali Pakistan
Chinese maritime innovations included
Better sea faring compasses and improved vessels.
The story of the great hero Arjuna, who is tutored by Krishna, is called
Bhagavad-Gita
Which 1770 event radicalized public opinion throughout the American colonies?
Boston Massacre
South Africa's 1913 Natives Land Act was intended to
Both a & b
(Cold War) The first humans to walk on the moon in the 20th century were:
Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong
(Ch.28)The secret police force in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution was called the *
CHEKA
(Ch.28)The leader of the Guomindang after 1925 was
CHIANG KAI-SHEK
30. The Bay of Pigs invasion was a United States-sponsored attempt to overthrow
Castro
To settle Texas in northeastern Mexico, the Mexican government made what decision?
D. invited Americans to come live there
29. In 1555, by the Peace of Augsburg, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V allowed German princes to choose ?
Catholicism or Lutheranism
The British invasion of southern Africa was driven by the ambitions of
Cecil Rhodes.
Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley civilizations were all _______
Centered around a great river valley, based on fertile floodplains and river valleys
The great gift of Champa to Song China was
Champa rice.
Some Buddhists drew upon Indian and Tibetan folk practice and created a meditative practice known as
Chan Buddhism or Zen.
The well planned urban capital of the Han dynasty was called what?
Chang-an
which of the following is true of merchant banking of the fifteenth century?
Checking accounts, shareholding companies, money changing, loans, and investments were offered as services
(Ch. 14) Which of the following is true of merchant banking in the fifteenth century?
Checking accounts, shareholding companies, moneychanging, loans, and investments were offered as services
(Ch. 29) The purge of the chinese Communist Party began in 1927 by
Chiang Kai-Shek.
3. Salvador Allende sought to implement social reforms in what country?
Chile
As investors increasingly put money in developing countries, the greatest beneficiary was
China
The first Mongol conquests under Genghis Khan were in
China
After the death of Deng Xiaoping
China allowed greater freedom but not democracy
12. Restriction on U.S military operations during the Vietnam War were designed to prevent
China from entering the war
Which Chinese customs did the Japanese choose to implement?
Chinese building techniques and street plans.
Why did the Ming court suspend the voyages of Zheng He?
Chinese officials opposed increased contact with "barbarians" (foreigners) with no real contribution to China
Why was becoming Christian considered an act of disloyalty in the Roman Empire?
Christians did not worship the Emperor as a god
1. The phrase "iron curtain" was coined by
Churchill
What new product traded from Mocha became extremely popular in the 15th century?
Coffee.
32. Third World nations were not aligned with any
Cold War power
Why is the term Indian derived from a mistake?
Columbus thought they had reached the Indies
The Mongols encouraged the sharing and exchange of all of the following except for
Confucianism
During the Song period, women experienced subordination and social restriction epitomized by
Confucianism.
During the centuries of disunity, what philosophy began to exert influence?
Confucianism.
The conversion to Christianity of which Roman emperor ushered in a time of tolerance, acceptance, and eventual dominance of Christianity?
Constantine
The king responsible for unifying Iran was who?
Cyrus
Which of these best describes the League of Nations? A) A powerful agent of world peace B) An economic alliance that boosted Europe's recovery C) A military alliance that stopped aggression D) A debating society where much was said but little was done E) A powerful agent of social change
D) A debating society where much was said but little was done
(ch 29)11. THe start of the final Allied push to end the war in Europe began on June 6th, 1944, known as...
D-Day
The Mayan rebellion that occurred when Mexico was at war with the US was called the
D. Caste War
Slavery lasted longest on the Caribbean islands of
D. Cuba and Puerto Rico
10. What does it mean to use a "division of labor" in manufacturing?
D. Dividing work into specialized and repetitive tasks.
11. Despite the fact that Egypt's modernization made it the strongest state in the Islamic world,
D. Egypt fell into debt to Europe
Latin American revolutions were initially triggered by
D. Napoleon's invasions of Spain and Portugal.
23. The most obvious change in rural life during the industrial revolution was
D. The appearance of new roads, canals, and railroads.
15. Who was David Livingstone?
D. a Scottish missionary and explorer
13. The French invasion of Algeria was originally a result of
D. a dispute over the French government not repaying Algerian loans
What affect did the demand for metals such as copper, zinc and tin have?
D. a mining boom in the US, Chile, and Mexico
People who wanted slavery to be outlawed were called
D. abolitionists
The modification of the language, customs, values, and behaviors of a group as a result of contact with people from another culture is called
D. acculturation
How did Muhammad begin the Islam religion?
after he shared relevations with the public that apparently an angel named Gabriel told him
The 1920s and 1930s are often known as the A) era of recovery. B) revolutions era. C) age of uncertainty. D) Great Depression. E) interwar period.
E) interwar period
41. The Factory Act of 1833 did what?
E. -Children (ages 14-18) must not work more than 12 hours a day with an hour lunch break. -Children (ages 9-13) must not work more than 8 hours with an hour lunch break. -Children (ages 9-13) must have two hours of education per day. -Outlawed the employment of children under 9 in the textile industry. -Children under 18 must not work at night. -provided for routine inspections of factories.
14. In addition to military intrusion into Africa, European explorers were peacefully
E. ALL OF THESE
43. By encouraging self government in the South Pacific settler colonies, Britain
E. ALL OF THESE
44. After British slave emancipation in 1834, new plantation workers came from
E. ALL OF THESE
The largest numbers of new arrivals in the Americas during the colonial period were
E. African
41. The former British North American colonies and Australia were similar in that
E. British colonists displaced indigenous peoples in both places
During the nineteenth century, the majority of immigrants to the western hemisphere were from
E. Europe
Who was a naturalist who worked for environmental preservation?
E. John Muir
In 1810, Spain's richest and most populous American colony was
E. Mexico
32. Despite the expansion of Indian trade,
E. NONE OF THESE
Among the many languages of India, the educated middle class communicated in
English.
2. The tropics are warm all year-round. The center of the tropical zone is marked by what?
Equator
The most successful African resistance against Europeans took place in
Ethiopia.
Using the table on p253, what area was approximately the same population as the Americas?
Europe (except Russia)
One result of the "Great Northern War" was
Europe recognized Russia as a great power.
3. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was a military alliance consisting of the United States and Western
European Countries
5. The Marshall Plan provided more than 20 billion dollars in economic aid to friendly
European Countries
6. The Success of the European Economic Community, or Common Market, is evident through increased wages, employment, and social welfare benefits for
European Society
The Meiji transformed the government and incorporated
European practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture
New Zealand elected its own parliament and ruled itself in large part because
European settlers there were in the majority.
Until the 1870s, Africans ruled 90% of Africa, however within a decade
Europeans invaded Africa referred to as the "scramble for Africa".
The era of the New Kingdom in Egypt is characterized by restoration of Egyptian rule and what else?
Expansion North into Syria and South into Nubia
One key to the Romans' success in winning the loyalty of all Italy was doing what?
Expansion of citizenship
(Ch.28)During the campaigns in the caucasus, Turkish military maneuvers deliberately caused:
FORCED DEATH MARCH OF HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF ARMENIANS
(Ch.28) Japanese economic prosperity depended primarily on
FOREIGN TRADE
One of the greatest barriers to the European invasion of inland African territories was
Falciparum malaria.
What were the three major divisions of gods in Aztec religion?
Fertility and agriculture cycle, creators, warfare and sacrificew
(Ch. 14) What changes transformed later medieval military technology?
Firearms and crossbows with metal-tipped arrows
What did the Treaty of Nerchinsk do?
Fixed the border along the Amure river and regulated trade acros it.
The Song system of credit was based on guarantees that paper money could be redeemed for coinage. This was called
Flying money.
11. Europeans viewed the natural world through two beliefs systems, what were they?
Folklore about magic and forest spirits from pre-Christian times and Biblical teachings of the Christian and Jewish scriptures
2. Forgiveness of past sins, an indulgence, might be given for what reasons?
For a pious act such as making a pilgrimage, saying a particular prayer, or making a donation to a religous cause.
The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights reflected
agreement against racism and imperialism
Prince Henry of Portugal was known as Henry the Navigator because he did what?
Founded an institution in Sagres for studying navigation and getting info on lands past Muslim North Africa
20. After World War II, France considered Algeria to be an actual part of
France
1. The economic prosperity of the papacy allowed the popes to do what?
Fund ambitious construction projects in Rome.
(Ch.28)The German crisis of 1923 was marked by
GERMANY RECKLESSLY PRINTING MONEY, CAUSING INFLATION
(Ch. 28)The early twentieth century system of alliance pitted the British, French, and Russians against
GERMANY, ITALY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
An early impetus for Portuguese maritime exploration was to
Gain access to the sub-Saharan gold trade
(Ch. 14) The Bubonic Plague was brought to Europe by
Genoese traders
22. The first British colony in West Africa to gain independence was
Ghana
Who was the most famous early nineteenth-century nationalist?
Giuseppe Mazzini
6. John Calvin preached that salvation was granted by?
God as a gift to those he predestined, he also said that not even faith could merit salvation
The princes of Muscovy organized a movement of conquest and expansion against the
Golden Horde and ruthlessly annexed the great territories of the neighboring Russian state of Novgorod in 1478.
(Ch. 14) What "architectural wonder" first made its appearance in France on or about the year 1140 C.E.?
Gothic cathedrals
The Mughal Empire is distinguished from the Ottomans and Safavids mostly because it was what?
Goverened by social harmony and not just want for territory or revenue.
By 1900, the nation that controlled the majority of the world's trade and finances was
Great Britain
8. In order to resist Soviet pressure, the Truman Doctrine offered military aid to
Greece and Turkey
The Hellenistic Age refers to what?
Greek political and cultural influence and diffusion in N. Africa and W. Asia
(Ch.28)Egypt in the 1920's
HAD "PHONY" INDEPENDENCE INSTEAD OF OFFICIAL BRITISH COLONIALISM
(Ch.28)Which of the following was not one of the elements the treaty of Versailles that angered Germany?
HIGH TARIFFS ENACTED BY THE ALLIES
Iran became closely associated with the manufacture of which item?
Hand knotted deep-pile carpets. (These are those famous Persian rugs.)
The two main cities of Early Indian Civilization are ______
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
(Ch. 29) Which of the following was not one of the actions taken by Benito Mussolini?
He allowed freedom of the press.
37. What were the beliefs of English political philosopher John Locke?
He believed that rulers derived their authority from the consent of the governed and, like everyone else, were subject to the law, if monarchs overstepped the law, citizens had not only the right but also the duty to rebel.
What was the fate of the samurai of the Forty-Seven Ronin incident?
He had to kill himself and his students must avenge his death.
9. Which of the following cannot be said about Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini?
He opened the electoral process to all Iranians [NOT]
Which of the following is not one of the reforms instituted by Tsar Alexander II after losing the Crimean War?
He placed strict controls on corporations.
What was Louis XVI's reaction to the formation of the National Assembly?
He prepared for confrontation by moving the military forces.
(Ch.28)After the Ottoman Empire collapsed following the first World War the modern Turkish state
INSTITUTED MANY PROGRESSIVE REFORMS
1. What well-traveled Muslim scholar left a journal that has become a valuable historical source?
Ibn Battuta
38. The wars and devastation of the European early Modern era resulted in what?
Improvements in army technology, such as techniques and weapons
What was the French and Indian War, how did it progress and were the results?
It was a series of wars fought by Frnace and England. It eventually turned into the seven- years war. The French lost Quebec city, the capital, and lost the war.
Why were women considered well-suited for teaching jobs?
It was an extension of the duties of Victorian mothers
35. Mao Zedong's 1958 Great Leap Forward was a plan designed to industrialize using small scale industries and collectivized
agriculture
36. How is the Versailles (ver-si) Palace a sort of "theme park" of royal absolutism?
It was capable of housing 10,000 people and was surrounded by elaborately landscaped grounds and parks
7. Calvinism went further than Lutheranism in what way?
In curtailing the power of a clerical
One impact that the sea trade had on China was the
It brought the bubonic plague.
The economic wealth of the early Roman State was based on what?
agriculture
The Portuguese focus in the eastern Indian Ocean was on what?
In the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese used their control of the major port cities to enforce an even larger trading monopoly
41. Which of the following is not true about technological innovation after World War II?
It caused a decline in agricultural production due to focus on technology, leading to widespread starvation [NOT]
How has the geography of the Sahara changed over 2500 years?
It changed from grassy fields to a dry desert
The tributary system was a practice in which
In which branches would recognize someone as the supreme power and give them gifts.
39. How did European rulers pay their large war expenses?
Increase revenues by promoting mutually beneficial alliances with the rising commercial elite.
31. What two nations account for approximately one third of the world's population?
India and China
15. The Turkish conquest of northern India was aided by
Indian rebellions
What was the valuable plant used to produce dye?
Indigo
19. Sukarno was dictator of the Dutch East Indies, or
Indonesia
How did Nubia become a "corridor" for long distance trade before 3000 B.C.E.?
It connected sub saharan Africa with North Africa
How did disease affect the Amerindian peoples during the early colonial period?
It devastated the indigenous population and caused dramatic population changes.
Creation myths often provide a society with a what?
It explained to the ancient inhabitants of Mesopotamia the environment in which they were living
What can be said about Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism?
It focused on human nature being good.
What impact did the horse have on the Americas?
It increased the efficiency of hunters and the military capacity of warriors on the plains.
What qualities make steel different from iron?
It is both hard and elastic.
Which of the following statements is not true of Chinese-African contacts circa 1415-1433?
Interests in new contacts was not confined to the Chinese side, 3 trading cities of East Africa sent delegations to China
The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present-day
Iran
Why was there a cultural flowering in Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia under the Timurids
Iran and China shared artistic trends and political ideas
The Russian expansion southward in the nineteenth century did not intensify political friction with
Iraq
27. What item did the Indian state of Gujarat NOT derive wealth from manufacturing and trading?
Iron weapons
The Amerindian enemies of the French were who?
Iroquois Confederacy
(Ch. 20) The predominant religion in the eastern Russian empire was
Islam
In 1295, the Il-khan ruler Ghazan converted to which religion?
Islam
One early Russian chronicle reports that Vladimir I chose Orthodox Christianity over Islam because why?
Islam prohibited alcohol consumption.
What became the majority religion in the Balkans under the Ottoman Empire?
Islam.
9. The empires of Mali in West Africa and Delhi in southern Asia both utilized
Islamic administration
Who was the chief that was of Kudish, Iranian and Greek ancestry?
Ismail.
34. Why was the English Civil War fought, what was the result?
It was fought because King Charles I of England did not grant Parliament the right to not be ignored by the monarch. The result was King Charles being executed and the monarchy being replaced with a republic under the Puritan general Oliver Cromwell
Describe the transition to plant cultivation and animal domestication
It was not rapid and complete because Food gathering gave way to food production over hundreds of generations. •caused by population increase, due to global climate changes. it is called the Agricultural Revolutions
Chang'an was important because it
It was the capital and center of the tributary system.
(Ch. 14) Which of the following does not describe the Divine Comedy?
It wasn't written in Latin like most literature of the time. It is described by: it features the Roman poet Virgil as the author's guide through Hell, it used the vernacular, foreshadowing the literary fashions of the later Italian Renaissance, it was written by Dante Alighieri, it made use of Greco-Roman classical themes
Which animals appear in Olmec religious symbolism?
Jaguars, crocodiles, snakes, and sharks
(Ch. 29) Which two countries were particularly hard hit by the Depression?
Japan and Germany.
The two countries that were particularly hard hit by the Depression were
Japan and Germany.
The biggest weakness of the Tokugawa Shogunate was an inability to resist invasion; therefore
Japan closed its border to foreigners
(Ch. 20) After the period of civil wars ended in Japan
Japanese leaders established the Tokugawa Shogunate, a centralized military government
(ch 29)9. On December 7th, 1941,
Japanese planes bombed the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor
On December 7, 1941
Japanese planes bombed the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor.
(Ch. 20) Samurai
Japanese warriors that were loyal to their daimyo or lord
(Ch. 20) The term "Dutch studies" referred to
Japanese who learned about European weapons, shipbuilding, and sciences
What European organization was a transmitter of science and technology to China?
Jesuits
(Ch. 29) Hitler's "master race" reserved intense hatred for
Jews.
Hitler's "master race" reserved intense hatred for
Jews.
5. Which United States president worked to re-establish Panamanian sovereignty in the Canal Zone?
Jimmy Carter
(Ch. 29) Hitler signed a "secret pact" with which world leader in 1939?
Josef Stalin
(Ch. 21) The French Revolution began on
July 14, 1789
Chinese transportation innovations included what Song invention or improvement?
Junk ships and compasses for seafaring.
What did the Sultan provide for his "flock" or oraya?
Justice and military protection.
(Ch.28)The influenza epidemic of 1918-1919
KILLED 20 MILLION
18. In 1947 India and Pakistan went to war over the northwestern state of
Kashmir
24. By 1250 the most important trading city of the Swahili Coast was
Kilwa
35. The Glorious Revolution and the English Civil War both started when...
King James II refused to respect Parliament's rights and had his heir baptized a Roman Catholic
40. Why did the Netherlands revolt against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s?
King Phillip II's decision to impose Spain's ruinously heavy sales tax and enforce Catholic orthodoxy
Identify Nezhualcoyotl
King of Texcoco
Which city became Russia's dominant political center under the Mongols?
Moscow
How were the Massachusetts colonies different from the Chesapeake and South Carolina colonies?
Most newcomers came with their families. Also, the economy was not based on agriculture due to poor soils.
Describe the consequences of Japanese aggression
Korea was devastated and had to place large taxes. Manchu attacked Korea and made it a territory under China.
(Ch. 14) In the universities of the Latin West, all courses were taught in
Latin
Historians' name for the territories of europe that adhered to the latin rite of christianity and used the latin language for intellectual exchange.
Latin West
(Ch. 14) Western European of the later Middle Ages referred to themselves as
Latins
(Ch. 14) Joan of Arc
Led the French to victory in a decisive battle during the Hundred Years War
The Chinese political system which relied primarily on strict laws and punishments in order to compel the people to behave is called what?
Legalism
(ch 29)1. The German blitzkrieg meant, literally...
Lightning war
Archaeologists found over 4,000 baked clay tablets in what Mycenaean script?
Linear B
What was the only domesticated beast of burden in the Andean region?
Llamas
How did China greet the Portuguese?
Local officials and merchants were interested in profitable new trade with the Portuguese and persuaded the imperial government to allow the Portuguese to establish a trading post at Macao in 1557
Who became the leader of Egypt after the failure of the French, Mamluks, and Ottoman governments?
Muhammad Ali.
What was the "hijra"?
Muhammad fleeing Mecca
After Tibetan government attempts to eliminate the influence of monasteries, Tibetan Buddhists responded by
Murdering him.
(ch 29)3. The Battle of Britain was conducted primarily by...
air attacks
Long distance contact in the Mediterranean lands was based on what?
Long distance contact were made possible by the seafaring skill of minoans and mycenaeans Sailing
28. As trade increased in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Strait of Malacca became the center of a political rivalry between
Majapahit and Chinese pirates
After defeating the Portuguese, the Dutch acquired what valuable colony?
Malacca.
The island of Madagascar was settled by?
Malayo-Indonesians
12. Which of the following is not one of the "Asian Tigers?"
Malaysia [NOT]
(Ch. 20) When Li Zicheng overthrew Beijing, the Ming turned to
Manchu soldiers from the North for help.
26. Which leader of the African National Congress organized guerrilla resistance in 1960?
Mandela
The primary centers for agricultural production were what?
Manors.
Who demanded that Japan open its ports for refueling and trade?
Matthew Perry
Scholars feel that early domestication of animals provided what?
Meat, milk, wool, and energy (for labor)
(Ch. 29) What did Adolf Hitler write while jail in the 1920s?
Mein Kampf
Adolf Hitler wrote
Mein Kampf while in jail in the 1920s.
The Uigurs excelled as
Merchants and scribes.
What term is used to describe Central Mexico?
Mesoamerica
The castas of Latin America included mixed race peoples such as?
Mestizos and Mulattos
8. In 1982, _______ could not make its debt payments, which triggered a world financial crisis.
Mexico
What present-day city rose on the site of the former Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan?
Mexico City
The Viceroyalty of New Spain in 1535 encompassed what areas?
Mexico, the Southwest of what is now the United States, Central America, and the islands of the Caribbean.
40. The superpowers didn't view the struggle between Israel and the Arab States as a vital concern until the oil wealth of the
Middle East was discovered
(Cold War) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was a
Military alliance between the United States and Western European countries.
European contact with Japan resulted in "opportunities and problems" such as
Military technology, Japan fighting with gun. Westernized Japanesearmor. They monitored trade closely. Civil conflicts led to the first East Asian "gunpowder revolution
Water Margin and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are examples of
Ming literature
The forced labor system where the male Amerindian slaves was eventually superseded by who?
Mita
Explain the responsibilities of monasteries and convents
Monasteries:to preserve literarcy/learning; took in abandoned infants; serviced needy travelers. Convents: take in widows, no male authority women and spiritual women.
In the seventh century, the Byzantines experienced an economic transformation similar to, though less pronounced than, Western Europe. This was evinced by what?
More epidemics and the loss of Syria and Egypt to the Muslims.
(ch 29)10. The key to victory in the Pacific Ocean was...
aircraft carriers
15. The astronomer who first placed the sun at the center of the universe was who?
Nicholas Copernicus
On what factor do scholars agree was the reason behind why Rome and Han China flourished simultaneously?
No agreement
How did the Patrona Halil rebellion show "decay at the center" yet spell "benefit elsewhere"?
No state declared independence, but sultan power declined.
10. Which of the following cannot be said of the Korean War? a. It lasted from 1950 to 1953 b. It saw china as the major ally of North Korea c. It ended with a truce agreeing to a border along the thirty-eighth parallel. d. It provided economic benefit to Japan
None of these
17. Which of the following is not one way in which India and Pakistan differed? a. Pakistan defined itself according to religion and was under military leadership b. India had a larger portion of the industrial and educational resources c. India was larger and was 90 percent Hindu d. India was a secular republic
None of these
38. Which of the following is not true of Israel? a. Was declared an independent Jewish state in 1948 b. Defeated armies sent by Arab countries in 1948 c. Displaced 700,000 Palestinian refugees d. Regained Jerusalem in 1967
None of these
39. Which of the following cannot be said of the Six Day War of 1967? a. Resulted in Israel's acquisition of all of Jerusalem and the West bank b. Resulted in the acquisition of the Gaza Strip,Golan heights, and the Sinai peninsula c. Was a victory for Israel d. Was a preemptive attack by Israel on Egyptian and Syrian airbases.
None of these
(Cold War) Who were the Viet Cong?
North Vietnamese Communist supported guerrilla group
The original Turkish homeland is
North modern day Mongolia.
Where was the homeland of the Assyrian Empire located?
Northern Mesopotamia
What do the cities of Isfahan and Istanbul have in common?
Not many wheeled vehicles, layout of cities good for walking, no large public spaces, narrow/irregular streets, and artisans/merchants organized into guilds.
The key to victory in the Pacific Ocean was
aircraft carriers.
The emperor responsible for the reorganization of the Roman government after 31 B.C.E. was
Octavian (Caesar Augustus) *Know both*
The Young Ottomans were influenced by
Ottoman nationalism and modernist views of Islam.
(Ch.28)In the treaty of Brest- Litovsk, Russia lost territory including
POLAND AND FINLAND
The cultural and artistic accomplisments of the Islamic empires included what?
Painted and molded tiles, tile mosaics to decorate mosques, and poetry.
30. Charles V failed to unify all of Europe, but Spain, France, and England successfully unified their states by?
Reducing the autonomy of the church and the nobility in their states, while making them part of a unified national structure with the monarch at its head.
(Ch. 21) In 1830, Greece won its independence from the...
Ottoman Empire
List Egypt's natural resources ______
Papyrus reeds. Much water provided to irrigation channels. wild animals and birds of the marshes. clay. copper and turquoise deposits. NOT: salt
Why did the Mughal Empire decline?
Partially from the land grant system.
What word/phrase describes the safety and stability of the Roman Empire
Pax Romana
The Yuan tax administration relied on
Persian, Arab, and Uighur administrators
What was the second language of Islam in Iran?
Persian.
(Ch. 20) The greatest Romanov tsar was
Peter the Great
Who was the greatest Romanov tsar?
Peter the Great (1689-1725)
Carthage was founded by peoples migrating from where?
Phoenicia
In the time of King Solomon, the commercial wealth of Israel was derived from trade with who?
Phoenicia, Arabia, and East Afri
How did Francisco Pizarro defeat the Inca Empire?
Pizarro and his men first seized the Inca emperor, Atahualpa, and then used their cannons to confuse the Inca army and used their swords to kill the soldiers
In the early years of World War II, the Soviet Union invaded
Poland and the Baltic States.
(ch 29)2. In the early years of WW2 the Soviet Union, invaded what countries?
Poland and the Baltic states
What is considered by scholars to be the factors helping to explain the fall of the Han empire?
Political instability, foreign invasions, threats from within (revolts & rebellions), acting too late to bring reforms, which were ineffective
The Tang dominated world trade markets. They were the sole suppliers of which product?
Porcelain.
(Ch. 20) Merchants from which country were the first to arrive in East Asia?
Portugal
By the end of the sixteenth century, what country occupied mist if the Brazilian coast?
Portugal
What two nations began a maritime revolution that profoundly altered the course of world history?
Portugal and Spain
What European country conquered the East African port cities?
Portugal.
Merchants from which country were the first to arrive in East Asia?
Portuguese.
25. What new crops helped the rural poor of Europe avoid starvation?
Potatoes and Maize
(Cold War) Restriction on U.S military operations during the Vietnam War were designed to
Prevent China from entering the war.
(Cold War) The Marshall Plan
Provided 13.5 Billion Dollars of Economic Aid to friendly European countries.
According to the chapter, how does the Quran differ from the Bible?
QURAN: was written by God BIBLE: was written by God's advisors; Jesus Christ, a human manifestation of God
Which empire replaced the Ming Empire of China?
Qing Empire
Who attempted to write the first world history
Rashid al-Din
Which of the following is a reason for Iberian overseas exploration?
Reasons for exploration: Christian militancy, Iberian search for material goods and their eagerness to find new routes via the Atlantic to Africa and Asia
What was the impact of Ottoman reforms on women?
Reforms decreased the influence of women in society.
As the Mughal Empire declined, what groups benefited?
Regional powers, princely states and the Europeans.
Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300 to 1200 as "feudal" an oversimplification?
Relationships varied so much between serfs and lords that they did not fall into one single system.
(Ch. 29) Mao Zedong's variety of communism was a radical departure from the traditional ideology because it
Relied on the peasantry.
In light of the challenges to the Catholic Church, many reforms were enacted, such as ?
Requiring each bishop to reside in his diocese and each diocese to have a theological seminary to train priests
The Chinese treasure ships of Zheng He carried what?
Rich silks, precious metals, and other gifts for distant rulers
The growth of the Roman State was based on what natural resources of Italy?
Rivers, timber, metals, arable land, human population •NOT: regular rainfall from monsoons
(Ch. 21) The end of the Reign of Terror came in 1794 when...
Robespierre was arrested and executed by conservatives in the Convention
The Greek concept of democracy included political participation of who?
all free, native-born, adult males
The slave trade in West Africa was controlled by what source?
Royal Monopoly, the oba first raised the price of slaves and then imposed restrictions that limited their sale
Columbus carried a letter from Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand to?
Rulers of the East, including one issued to the "Grand Khan"
(Ch. 21) Napoleon's invasion of ______ led to his decline.
Russia
(Ch. 20) Which two empires had vast amounts of land, armies that depended on large numbers of soldiers to defeat the enemy, used forced labour such as serfs and peasants, and tolerated diversity while trying to promote assimiliation?
Russia and China
(Ch. 20) One result of the "Great Northern War" was
Russian access to the Baltic Sea
The motivation for Russian expansion to the east was
Russians enjoyed the forested part of Siberia, which was abundant in natural resources
(Ch.28)Woodrow Wilson's proposal for settlement of the European affairs was based on his principles of
SELF DETERMINATION
(Ch. 28)In the early twentieth century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the
SICK MAN OF EUROPE
(Ch.28)What were the significant differences between contenders for control of the communist party after Lenin's death in 1924?
STALIN WANTED TO FOCUS ON COMMUNISM;S ESTABLISHMENT IN RUSSIA AS "SOCIALISM IN ONE COUNTRY"
According to the Neo-Confucianist, the ideal person is the
Sage.
The Muslim leader who successfully fought the European Crusades was
Saladin / Salah-al-Din
List the names of Japanese warriors and lords and describe their roles
Samurai: part of the daimyos personal army. Followed the code of Bushido. Life was based on the daimyos support. Daimyos: warlords that acquiredlots of land. Small town, bureaucracy, and an army of warriors.
(ch 29)5. Hitler's resumption of offensive tactics in 1940 focused on which area?
Scandinavia and Belgium
The first financial return from the Portuguese voyages came from?
Selling slaves captured from the Northwest African coast and Canary Islands in the 1400s
The Ming Empire attempted to create new Indian Ocean contacts by?
Sending out seven imperial fleets
In 1805, the threat of Russian intervention had forced the Ottomans to accede to independence for
Serbia.
Agricultural workers who belonged to the manor and were obligated to the lord were called?
Serfs.
The last independent state in Southeast Asia in the late nineteenth century was
Siam.
Why was Daoism popular among the common people?
Simply, it taught people to relax and accept life just the way it was, it also encouraged education and made the government responsible for taking care of people
16. The scientist who asserted that mathematical laws governed the universe was who?
Sir Isaac Newton
Explain the African encounters with the Portuguese before 1550
The relations were all different due to strategies and leadership of certain African states, as well as Portuguese policies
What was the most deadly of the epidemics in the Americas?
Smallpox
9. Ignatius of Loyola founded what group? What was their purpose?
Society of Jesus or "Jesuits", their purpose was to help stem the Protestant tide and win back some adherents by their teaching and preaching. Other Jesuits became important missionaries overseas.
The three great Greek classical philosophers are who?
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
15. What event was the catalyst for the space race
Sputnik launch
(Ch. 20) The new city that was to be Russia's "window on the West" was
St. Petersburg
The new city that was to be Russia's "window on the West" is
St. Petersburg.
The Nazi takeover of Germany affected Stalin's Second Five-Year Plan by
Stalin intending to produce consumer goods but decided to produce arms.
Mao Zedong stopped getting aid from Stalin in 1941 because
Stalin signed a Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact.
(ch 29)6. One of the fiercest battles on the Eastern Front between the USSR and Germany was at...
Stalingrad
What was the political influence of Buddhism in the Tang Empire?
State cults were based on it, and interpretations of Buddhist doctrines accorded king's spiritual function of a harmonious society.
Seventy percent of the people infected with AIDS live in
Sub-Saharan Africa
33. In 1956, Israel, Great Britain, and France joined together to invade Egypt and seize the
Suez Canal
28. In1956, 25% of Cuban national income was derived from _____ manufacture and export.
Sugar
Which empire reunited China in the sixth century?
Sui/Tang.
Who was the sultan that presided over a "golden age" and lead the greatest Ottoman assault on Christian Europe?
Suleiman the Magnificent.
17. How did many religious and intellectual leaders view the new science?
Suspicion or outright hostility because of the unwanted challenge it posed to established ways of thought
Metal working in the late Neolithic period was used for what?
Symbols of status and power
(Ch.28)Which of the following was true of wartime food rationing?
THE DIET OF THE GERMAN POPULATION WAS LIMITED TO ONE THOUSAND CALORIES PER DAY
(Ch.28 )A new and potent defensive weapon in World War 1 was
THE MACHINE GUN
(Ch.28)A unique aspect of the Western Front was
THE THREE HUNDRED MILE LONG LINE OF ARMIES FROM SWITZERLAND TO THE NORTH SEA
(Ch.28)How did the Bolsheviks win the civil war in Russia after WW1?
THROUGH THE MILITARY LEADERSHIP OF LEON TROTSKY AND THE RED ARMY
(Ch.28)Which of the following zaibatsu was NOT one of the four which controlled most of Japan's industry and commerce?
TOYOTA
During the revival of Western Europe (1000-1200), the population nearly doubled because why?
Technological advances.
What city was founded about 1325?
Tenochtitlan
Muhammad's revelations from the Angel are compiled in a book called
The "Quran" or "Recitation"
Who was the "Hidden Imam"?
The 12th descendant of Ali, who doctrine says, all rulers are temporary stand-ins for. Supposedly when he comes, all good will return to the world. (Think of him kind of as Jesus, how the people believed that when he came, all their problems would go away. The "Savior")
The Council of Clermont in 1095 brought what?
The 1st Crusade.
The first Amerindians to contact the Spanish were who?
The Arawaks
What group migrated to the shores of Lake Texcoco around 1325?
The Aztecs
In 1453, the Ottoman armies attacked and brought an end to what empire?
The Byzantine Empire.
Confucianism spread to East Asia with the spread of
The Chinese writing system.
The fundamental social unit during the later Zhou period was the what?
The Clan; the "three generation family"
13. When the United States discovered the Soviet Union had deployed nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962, it sparked
The Cuban missile crisis
Who first settled the Middle Atlantic region?
The Dutch
In 1500, what did Portuguese mariners discover while attempting to find a favorable wind around Africa?
The Eastern coast of South America, laying the basis for their later claim to Portugal
32. What was the Edict of Nantes and why was it revoked in 1685 by Louis XIV?
The Edict of Nantes granted religious freedom, it was revoked by Louis XIV because he supported the Catholic Church, not the Protestant Church
18. The belief that humans could understand social behavior using reason was characteristic of what belief?
The Enlightenment
Solomon began an ambitious building project to create what?
The First Temple
(Ch. 21) The system of social organization in France would have placed the clergy in which estate?
The First estate
The core of Islam that all Muslims must practice is called what? Explain
The Five Pillars of Islam: 1. There's only 1 God and Muhammad is his messenger 2. Prayer 5x a day 3. fasting during the lunar month of Ramadan 4. paying alms 5. making pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during one's lifetime
Compare the French settlements in America to the Spanish and Portuguese colonies?
The French were committed to missionary activity among Amerindian peoples and emphasized the extraction of natural resources
19. Bourgeoisie means...
The French word for the urban class that dominated manufacturing, finance, and mainly trade.
The British had significant allies during the revolution including
The Germans
To facilitate communication and trade between North China and South China, the Sui built the
The Grand Canal.
Phoenician trade and colonization in the western Mediterranean often brought the Phoenicians into conflict with who?
The Greeks
Among Byzantine cultural achievements is/are
The Hagia Sophia cathedral, religious art, music and Cyrillic language.
Where can information about ancient Israel can be found?
The Hebrew Bible
Northern India is bordered by the
The Himalayas
28. Why was the Habsburg family important?
The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V,who centralized his imperial power and led a Christian coalition to stop the Ottoman Empire, was from this family.
The myths and literary practices of the Mycenaeans may be traced through what literary work?
The Iliad and Odyssey
The first major Southeast Asian center, Funan, dominated what key location for trade?
The Isthmus of Kra
How did the threat of Mongol invasion affect Japan?
The Japanese military governments spent a lot of time building coastal defenses, hoping to consolidate the warrior class
Japanese response to the Society of Jesus or the Jesuits was
The Japanese response to the Society of Jesus of the Jesuits was
(Ch. 20) Who were the transmitters of science and technology to China?
The Jesuits
Which are important technological innovations of the Song Empire?
The Junk ship, calendar and gunpowder.
In the early tenth century, Korea was united under which dynasty?
The Koryo.
Where did earliest transition to agriculture take place?
The Middle East
Why didn't Ming China develop seafaring for commercial and military gain?
The Mongol threat from the north took priority over seafaring
Why didn't China as we think of it today exist before the Mongols?
The Mongols reunited China permanently
(Ch. 21) Robespierre was a member of which political party?
The Mountain
By the end of the twelfth century, the Byzantine Empire had lost a great deal of territory to who?
The Muslims
After Spain expelled Jews and Muslims in 1492, where did they go?
The Ottoman Empire.
In 1830, Greece won its independence from the
The Ottoman Empire.
What was the long lasting post-Mongol, Muslim empire?
The Ottoman Empire.
The family was the basic unit of Roman society under the authority of who?
The Patriarch - oldest male members (Patrefamilias)
By instituting civil service examinations for entrance into the government bureaucracy, the Song
They had only the most talented men working for them.
The two groups of Protestant dissenters that colonized New England were who?
The Pilgrims and the Puritans
(Ch. 20) Which empire replaced that of the Ming?
The Qing Empire
The decline of the Roman Empire resulted in the development of linguistic zones of what?
The Romance, Germanic and Slavic languages.
Who was the Ottoman's chief rival in Iran?
The Safavid Empire.
(Ch. 28) In the early twentieth century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the
The Sick Man of Europe
(Cold War) What event was the catalyst for the space race
The Soviet Sputnik Satellite Launch
The difference between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire was what?
The Spanish established a vast territorial empire in the Americas, while the Portuguese established trading empires in Africa and Asia. The Spanish kingdoms had somewhat greater resources to draw on
The largest slave revolt that took place in 1739 in South Carolina was called what?
The Stono Rebellion
(Ch. 21) Which French estate declared itself to be the National Assembly?
The Third Estate
(Ch. 21) Which of the following was NOT one of the major 18th-century wars in Europe?
The Thirty Years War
The most serious rivals to the Tang Empire were the
The Tibetans.
After the period of civil wars ended in Japan, what happened?
The Tokugawa shogunate emerged from the shadows.
(ch 29)12. The final defeat of Japan took longer than victory over Germany in large part because...
The U.S. had concentrated efforts in Germany
2. The Cold War was? the state of political tension and military rivalry between
The United States and the USSR
(Cold War) The Korean War was limites to the Korean Peninsula because
The United States feared attacking China would initiate Soviet retaliation.
Why do many Muslims hold an unfavorable opinion of the United States?
The United States supports Israel as well as undemocratic governments in the Muslim world.
The greatest mariners of the Atlantic in the early Middle Ages were who?
The Vikings
What are some of the unique practices connected with monasticism?
The administration acceptance of Benedictine abbey of Cluny, improving of monastery discipline, the acceptance of the abbot authority and the acceptance of Benedictine rule (presuming all monasteries to be independent).
What were the differences between the Ottoman and Iranian states?
The adoption of Shi'ism and royal tradition in pre Islamic legends.
why was mortality on Atlantic slave ships high?
all of these
Describe how the 2 (compass & astrolabe) important navigational technologies affected sailing.
The astrolabe allowed mariners to determine their location at sea by measuring the position of the sun or stars
What was the balance that helped the Ottoman Empire become the most powerful state in the European or the Islamic Worlds?
The balance of Ottoman land forces, particularly the mix of mounted archers and Janissaries.
The sixth century "plague of Justinian" was what?
The bubonic plague/black death.
What is responsible for the success of many cities in Italy and Flanders?
The fact that they were independent and turned to manufacturing and trade, which attracted people.
The Judeo-Christian story begins with what?
The family of Abraham migrating to Israel
Which things did Central Asia and the Islamic world introduce to China
They introduced pants, new design motifs, cotton and a new diet.
How did the growth of a centralized Russian Empire affect the peasants?
The freedom fell for the peasants.
What occured in China due to the development of movable type and the availability of printed material?
The further development of agricultural lands south of the Yangzi river.
Some Jews in Israel believe that God gave the Jews
all the land included in the ancient Jewish kingdom
What is associated with the rise of the mounted warrior as the paramount force on the battlefield?
The invention of stirrups.
Where was the Minoan civilization established?
The island of Crete
Who was at the head of the Assyrian state religion?
The king
What evidence supports the belief that eastern Pacific islands were settled as a result of planned expeditions by Polynesian mariners?
The languages on the islands are similar and there were too many inhabitants for it to be a result of an accidental voyage
How were women affected by Islamic law?
The law allowed them to keep their belongings after marriage, allowing for economic stake and some independence from their spouses.
Why was Tupac Amaru II important?
The leader of one of the greatest rebellions.
(Ch. 21) Who was Francois Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture?
The leader of the slave revolt in Saint Dominque
The major powers at the Munich Conference in 1938
allowed Hitler to annex Czechoslovakian territory.
How were women instrumental in the dissemination of new political ideas?
The middle class women bought and often discussed new books or pamphlets while the elite women allowed their homes to serve as places of meeting, directing the conversations that the men were having.
The most important impact of monasticism was its contribution of what?
The monks that copied Latin works, allowing them to survive.
Sailing in the Indian Ocean was less difficult and dangerous than other places because?
The monsoons were predictable and steady
The head of the Ethiopian Christian Church is?
The patriarch of Alexandria
(Ch. 14) Which of the following fostered artistic growth in the Renaissance?
The patronage of wealthy merchants and prelates
The result of Portuguese domination of Indian Ocean trade routes was what?
The result was it brought them considerable profit
In general, what occurred during Europe's transformation at the decline of Roman authority?
The rise of various kings, nobles, etc that changed the legal and political landscape.
How were the first Portuguese who landed in India greeted?
The ruler showed little interest in becoming trade partners with them and laughed at the gifts they presented
How did the Amerindian population react to the colonial economy?
They joined in the trade of furs and skins and became very dependent on the Europeans for firearms, metal tools, textiles, and alcohol.
Historians state that the Song technological innovations led the Song to
They led them to become the premodern society closest to an industrial revolution.
How did the Sikh "army of pure" distinguish themselves?
They left their hair uncut under turbans and carried combs, steel bracelets, swords or daggers and wore military style breeches.
What was the "Columbian Exchange?"
The transfer of peoples, animals, plants and diseases between the New and Old World.
During the continuing political crisis, Maximilien Robespierre forged an alliance with
The volatile Parisian working class.
In addition to sailing up the Pacific coast, early Amerindians from South America also colonized?
The west Indies
After the 10th century the Roman Catholic Church faced what types of challenges?
They lost control of the papacy (pope position).
How is the martyrdom of Imam Husayn remembered in the Shi'ite community?
They mourn for the first two weeks of every lunar year in his honor.
What did the Assembly of Notables do in 1787?
They questioned the king's governing.
The powerful African kingdom Benin of West Africa limited their contact with the Portuguese by doing what?
They rejected the Catholic faith and declined to receive more missionaries
The 14th century Ottoman military resource of Christian prisoners of war were called what?
The yeni cheri or Janissaries.
As time went on, how did armored knighthood change?
Their armor came to include visored helmets that covered the neck as well, which were more expensive, thus meaning that a knight would have to have money to actually become a knight.
Why did nationalism fail to unify Russia and Austria-Hungary?
Their empires included many ethnic and language groups.
The text uses the example of Tang style warfare and pottery to demonstrate their
Their incorporation of Inner Asian and Turkic traditions and ideas.
What was the weak link of the Iranian military?
Their lack of a navy.
What were the effects of Ottoman administrative control decline and rual disorder?
There was a greater burden on the administration, they relied more on provincial governments or wealthy men and it opened the way for economic opportunity.
How are chemical and biological weapons different from nuclear weapons?
They are easily produced and hidden
Who did the Tang blame most for growing instability in the Empire?
They blamed Buddhism for changing the Confucian ideals of family and state.
How did the Japanese government eventually handle foreign trade and religions.
They decided to stop trading with the European and close off the ports.
How did the English and French American colonies differ from the Spanish and Portuguese American colonies?
They didn't have the large, expensive colonial bureaucracies, and private companies and individual proprietors played a large role.
Describe Britain's motives for becoming China's biggest European trading partner?
They felt like they had something to learn from the early Qing Empir
How did the Portuguese conquerors of Muslim Ceuta in Morocco react to what they saw?
They felt that their homes were inferior, and when they saw the gold and slave caravans, they wanted to go deeper into Africa and reach the gold
The Spanish attempted to protect and control trade to the colonies by doing what?
They gave monopoly trade rights.
How did the Byzantines differ from their western counterparts?
They had imperial authority and urban prosperity, leading to less, slower and less recognizable population and economic decline.
Narratives such as Marco Polo's created a European
ambition to find easier routes to Asia
Common Sense, the pamphlet that stirred up anti-British sentiment on the eve of the American Revolution, was written by
Thomas Paine
During the Qing Empire, what new item(s) or idea(s) did Europe gain from China?
Variolation (stem the spread of disease), Silk, Procelain, tea, jewelry tableware, anything that looked chinese
Why didn't the Italian states take a lead in exploring the Atlantic?
Venice and Genoa preferred their Muslim alliances and the ships of the Mediterranean could not handle the Atlantic's rougher weather
3. Martin Luther insisted that the only way to salvation was how?
Through faith in Jesus Christ
The Mongols were influenced by religious leaders from
Tibet
The central objective of the Congress of Vienna was
To "roll back the clock" in France.
The Council of the Indies was created for what purpose?
To supervise all government, ecclesiastical, and commercial activity in the Spanish colonies
To gain converts, the Jesuits made what compromises?
Toleration to Confucian ancestor worship.
What nomadic group built a large empire in central America before the Aztecs?
Toltecs
What country eventually intervened to help the Bosnian Muslims?
United States
In Kievan Russia, power derived from what/who?
Trade.
The Qin emperor was committed to standardization of coinage, weights and measures, the law code, and writing. This shows a commitment to
Unification of Chinese civilization
27. The United States overthrew the Guatemalan government in 1954 because of its seizure of large agricultural estates owned by the
United Fruit Company
The decline of the Tang Empire occurred when
When political decay and military decline ruined social order.
What is tax farming?
Where farmers paid taxes in advance and got to collect higher taxes from tax payers.
32. Older industrial countries such as Sweden suffer from a population burden of
an aging population and declining numbers of working-age people
What was the role of Mongol women in politics
Women from prestigious families were often powerful in negotiation and management
13. Women, especially widows, were often accused of being witches because it was believed that ?
Women not directly under the control of their fathers or husbands would turn to evil
Which Chinese technologies were among those borrowed by the Koreans to make editions of Buddhist texts?
Wood block printing.
11. The Korean War was limited to the Korean peninsula because the United States feared starting
World War III
Murasaki Shikibu is famous for what?
Writing the novel 'The Tale of Genji'.
The leaders of French expansion, the coureurs de bois, were who?
Young Frenchmen/ the runners of the woods
24. The cause of the Persian Gulf War was Saddam Hussein's
[ALL OF THE ABOVE]
18. Solidarity was
[ALL OF THESE]
22. The result of the hard line Communist coup against Gorbachev was that
[ALL OF THESE]
46. Describe some efforts to preserve the environment
[ALL OF THESE]
Anti-American attacks prior to September 11, 2001 included bombing the
[ALL OF THESE]
The movement to restrict nuclear proliferation made progress in the 1960's and 1970's, but
[ALL OF THESE]
12. Which of the following is true of wartime food rationing?
[A] The diet of the German population was limited to one thousand calories per day.
1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip igniting
[A] World War I.
24. Which of the following was not included in Lenin's plan for Russia?
[A] a return to agrarian society
34. The Communist Party planned to pay for industrialization by
[A] essentially making the peasants pay for it.
38. The main beneficiaries of Japan's prosperity of this period were the zaibatsu, who were
[A] four giant corporations.
28. The influenza epidemic of 1918-1919
[A] killed 20 million
31. How did the Communists win the civil war in Russia after World War I?
[A] the military leadership of Leon Trotsky and the Red Army
8. A unique aspect of the Western Front was
[A] the three-hundred-mile-long line of armies from Switzerland to the North Sea
The rising importance of English as a global second language has been due to the
[BOTH A & B]
37. In 1900, China's population was [
[B] 400 million.
When Western women arrived in the colonies it created
a more racist and segregated environment.
The mariners involved in the Indian Ocean trade were from where?
a multilingual, multiethnic society
(Cold War) Ho Chi Minh inspired
a nationalist coalition against the French
33. The spread of Islam between 1200 and 1500 DID NOT encourage:
a parallel spread of Christianity
Sufism was significant in being a(n)
a quest for a sense of union with God through rituals and training was a common denominator
How did Monarchs such as Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia respond to the Enlightenment?
actively sponsored and promoted the dissemination of new ideas
Although the Yi Kingdom publicly rejected the Mongols, they
adopted Mongol administrative practices and institutions
The term city-state refers to _______
a self-governing urban cneter and the agricultural terrritories it controlled
the expansion of sugar plantations in the west indies required
a sharp increase in the african slave trade
In 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded by
a small group of English-speaking Hindu professionals.
Argentina's government represented the interests of the oligarquia, which is
a small group of wealthy land owners.
in the 18th century, west indian plantations were controlled by a plantocracy,
a small number of rich men who owned the land and slaves
Identify Toltec culture
a strong militaristic ethic
What is the hadith?
a tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran,the most important basis for Islamic law
The Archaic Greek development of humanism was what?
a valuing of the uniqueness, rights, and talents of individuals
In order to supply administrators for the empire, the Han used officials from the gentry class and adopted
a version of Confucianism (so that they would be respected)
Opened in 1869, the Suez Canal triggered
a wave of European domination over Asia and Africa.
The abundance of amulets suggests _________
a widespread belief in magic
King Darius was remembered as a what? Because he created what?
a) as a law giver b) created a central body of law
4. The World Bank was created
a. To provide funds for reconstructing Europe b. To help needy countries after war c. As a result of the Bretton-Woods Conference of 1944
14. The Helsinki Accords
a. Were finalized in 1975 b. Were a precursor to human rights dialogue c. Called for government and economic contact across the iron curtain d. Said that no boundaries should be changed by military force
Although European leaders still viewed Russia as backward, they
acknowledged its potential power and included them as a major partner in European affairs.
(Ch. 20) The VOC (Dutch East India Company) representatives gained the favor of the Chinese emperor by
acknowledging him with the ritual of the "kowtow"
The VOC (Dutch East India Company) representatives gained the favor of the Chinese Emperor by
acknowledging the moral superiority of the emperor.
Zheng He's primary accomplishment was
acquiring Ming tributary states
What happened to King Louis XVI as a result of the French Revolution?
beheaded
(Ch. 21) As a result of the French Revolution, King Louis XVI was...
beheaded :D
Although imperialism was not new to Europeans, this period was uniquely characterized by
being a land grab of unprecedented speed.
an outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across asia, north africa, and europe, carrying off a vast numbers of persons
black death
Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because why?
blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions it was cut off from the rest of the Islamic world by the Strait of Gibraltar and by independent city-states in Morocco and Algeria from 740 onward
34. The most profitable item traded from North Africa to Timbuktu, a center for learning, was
books
Despite the prosperity in the West due to the growth of world trade, economies periodically experienced
booms followed by depressions in the business cycle.
14. Under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, China
both [A] and [B]
to reduce the risks of overseas trading, companies
bought insurance
(Ch. 20) The nobility in Russia were known as the
boyars
What types of possessions were signs of status and nobility and had important ritual uses?
bronze objects
The Battle of Saratoga in 1777 was crucial because it
brought the French into the new world
The French initially planned to open the interior trade of Senegal by
building a railroad to connect with river traffic.
The reaction to collectivization of the better-off peasants, or kulaks, was to
burn their crops and kill their livestock.
(Ch. 29) The better-off peasants, or kulaks, reacted to the collectivization by
burning their crops and killing their livestock
When the typewriter and telephone were first used in business in the 1880s,
businessmen found that they were ideal tools for women workers
In the 1990's, free trade appeared to be the best way achieve economic growth,
but also subjected markets to "busts" as well as "booms."
Muhammad Ali paid for his many reforms
by confiscating lands of Muslim religious institutions
Workers around the world primarily sought change
by participating in the political system through voting
The Tanzimat proclamations
called for public trials and equal protection under the law.
What military techniques or innovations made the Yi military a formidable defensive force?
cannon with gunpowder-driven arrow launchers
The Depression of 1929
caused Argentina and Brazil to veer toward authoritarian regimes.
19. Although the Delhi Sultanate had its problems, it did provide a
centralized political authority to India
Before 1775, what tactics did the European colonial settlers use to respond to British policies?
declaring war on Britain
An indication of the reforms in the Ottoman military and society was
change to European style dress.
What was calpulli and what did they control?
clans that controlled their own regions
Although Mesopotamia was "resource poor" it did have abundant of _____
clay
23. Kenya faced a difficult task in winning independence mostly because of the Influence of
coffee planters
Surprisingly, merchant activity in Mesopotamia took place without _________
coins
Often colonial territory was seized without the consent of the home government by
colonial officers deciding on their claim to a piece of territory.
Although Europeans claimed to have improved African health care,
colonialism actually worsened health care.
The rise of literacy in Korea resulted from the
combination of an improved printing system and the han'gul writing system
Southeast Asian state building was based on
commerce/culture, specifacally the silk and spice trade, and Hindu/Buddhist culture
23. The different regional networks of the Indian Ocean trade were tied together by
commercial interests
In 1994, the leaders of Rwanda
committed genocide by inciting Hutu people to massacre the Tutsi.
At the International Women's Rights Conferences, non-Western women
complained that Western women had narrow concerns and were condescending.
43. The technology that best symbolizes the innovations of the last fifty years is
computers
One of the most important contributions made by Gupta intellectuals was the
concept of zero, development of the "Arabic" numerals and system of place-value notation that are in use in most parts of the word today
The English Navigation acts in the 1660's were meant to
confine trade to English ships and cargoes
1. Describe proxy wars
conflicts between competing factions in which rival superpowers provided support
The system of administering and exploiting the colonies for the benefit of the home country is
considered "colonialism."
6. To accommodate the uneven distribution of rainfall, South Indian farmers
constructed elaborate irrigation canals
13. In addition to fulfilling his personal religious obligations, Mansa Kankan Musa's pilgrimage resulted in the
construction of new mosques and Quaranic schools in Mali
42. As Western economies recovered from World War II, most
consumers sought new goods to purchase
The habit of the Hindu pilgrimage is most important because it promotes
contact, exchanges of ideas, and a broad Hindu identity
(Ch. 21) The Declaration of the Rights of Man was a...
contract between the King and the National Assembly outlining certain rights.
Under Islamic leadership, how were the Jewish people of Spain affected?
contributed to the cultural growth of spain as great thinkers and writers they joined with Christians and Zorastrianisans to become itellectual and to grow culturally
8. Africa exported large quantities of what mineral across the Sahara, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean?
copper
Unlike in Ming China, the development of agriculture in the Yi Kingdom was based on what cash crop?
cotton
An extensive trade network developed on land and sea was based on the Indian export of what products?
cotton cloth, ivory, metalwork, and exotic animals
The National Revolutionary Party (PRN) in 1928 in Mexico
created a forum for labor peasants, and business.
After the war for Greek independence, Mahmud II
created a new artillery unit and bombed the Janissaries.
33. Because Japan has the oldest population of any industrial nation, it has
created technological solutions to labor shortages
The Babylonian leader Hammurabi is best known for?
creating The Law Code
Besides conquering large amounts of territory, the New Imperialism was most significant for
creating a global economy of suppliers and consumers.
Pre-Socratic philosophers were primarily concerned with what?
creating theoretical models to explain the natural world
What were some similiarities between the Incas and Aztecs?
culture based on long development of civilizations, represented the success of imperial and military organizations, based on intensive agriculture, older kinship-based institutions
The Mesopotamian writing system is called _______
cuneiform
16. Sultan Iltutmish passed his empire to Raziya, his
daughter
Like the Mesoamerican peoples, the Incas made no practical use of the _____, but unlike them they had no system of _____
land; writing
(Ch. 20) In the 1630s the Japanese government
largely closed Japan to European trade and Christian influence
27. Developing nations that sponsored pronatalist policies often believed that
larger populations meant more national power
The period from 1200 to 1500 is better known as Europe's
later middle ages
Western Europeans of the later middle ages referred to themselves as
latins
(Ch. 20) In 1592, after years of civil war, Hideyoshi
launched an invasion of Korea and China
Describe the "cosmopolitan" features of the Hellenistic societies?
libraries, universities, scientific discoveries, art, literature, scholarship
The German Blitzkrieg meant, literally
lightning war.
The Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774 were intended to
limit west expansion
Slavery in ancient Egypt was _________
limited, and it was of little economic significance
What two related problems did the British face after defeating the French in 1763?
limiting settlement in amerindian lands and imposing taxes
It was customary for young brides in China to
live with her husband's family; must please the mother-in-law most of all
36. The growing gap between rich and poor nations is exemplified by the fact that one billion people in the world
lived on less than $500 per year in 2001
Why was the empire never integrated?
local rulers stayed to collect tributes
Why was the Aztec a success?
long-existing
26. Societies that have made the "demographic transition" have
lowered fertility rates
Technological innovations of the Industrial Revolution
made the colonization of distant regions cost-effective.
Identify Temple of the Sun
magnificent temple in Cuzco
Egypt's external interests were primarily concentrated on ______
maintaining access to valuable raw materials (Strongest in goods from south like gold from Nubia)
Some important food crops of the Americas were.
maize,manioc, and potatoes Mexico- maize, Peru- potatoes & quinoa, Mesoamerica- tomatoes, peppers, squash, & potatoes, South American Rain Forests- Manioc
"drivers" were typically
male slaves
The caliphs acquired a standing army of Turkish mercenaries called
mamluks
Lacking mineral deposits, the Greeks mined?
marble and clay
(Ch. 14) One of the most significant growth industries in the 14th century was:
merchant banking
During the Late Bronze Age, important Middle Eastern states shared a vital interest in the trade of what?
metals
The Enlightenment's intellectual ferment most deeply influenced what social class?
middle class
(Ch. 21) The Jacobin members of the National Convention were....
middle class democrats
The Jacobin members of the National Convention were
middle class democrats
(Ch. 21) The enlightenment's ferment was embraced by the...
middle class.
38. Internal migration in developing nations resulted in
migrants enjoying a better life in cities
In Tokugawa Japan, the political power rested in the hands of the
military leader of shogun
The mainly Christian belief that the world would come to an end at the turn of the millenium was called
millenarianism
(Ch. 29) At the height of the Stalinist terror of the 1930s
millions of ordinary Soviet citizens were sent to gulags often for no reason.
The colonies offered European women job opportunities such as
missionaries, teachers and nurses.
(Ch. 20) The Japanese response to the Society of Jesus or the Jesuits was
mixed; while some were attracted to it, others were opposed.
Muslim frustration stems from the failure of
modernization to improve their status and income
To be released from the cycle of reincarnation is the concept of
moksha (liberation)
by-products of sugar manufacture were
molasses and rum
Three harvests each year have been possible in some parts of India because of
monsoons
The early English effort to found a colony in the Americas produced?
more failures than successes
which of the following is not true about most guilds?
most guilds promoted equality between men and women
The basic tenets of Jewish belief and practice prohibit what?
murder, adultery, theft, lying, and envy
islamic law prohibited the enslavement of
muslims
21. What powerful force ultimately caused the USSR to dissolve?
nationalism
The most influential idea of the nineteenth century was
nationalism
Describe the "systems failure" that brought down the Indus Valley cities?
natural disasters. hakra river system dried up. salinization increased. erosion increased.
The Stamp Act of 1765 required that colonists pay a tax on
nearly all printed material
Despite the fact that Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles
neither Britain nor France tried to stop him.
36. The 1966 Chinese Cultural Revolution was initially intended to instill revolutionary fervor in a
new generation
The British military advantage in the Opium War was
new gunboats.
monarchies in france england and spain, england, and france. The centralization of royal power was increasing within more or less fixed territorial limits
new monarchies
In the latin west during the later midddle ages approximately
nine out of ten people were rural
The ultimate spiritual reward in Buddhism is
nirvana
What groups controlled the military and priesthood?
nobles
Jainism emphasizes the principles of
non violence, nudity, and asceticism.
'NGO' is an acronym for
non-governmental organization
Gandhi's unusual political ideas included
non-violence
Russian allies in the Crimean War against the Ottoman Empire included
none of these
(Cold War) Did Algeria become officially apart of France at the end of the French-Algerian War?
nope
(Ch. 14) The Renaissance began in
northern Italy
the renaissance began in
northern Italy
The Opium War exposed the fact that the Qing land forces, the Bannermen, were
obsolete.
(Ch. 21) Which of the following would John Locke have argued?
people have the right to rebellion
17. The policy of restructuring the Soviet Union as authorized by Mikhail Gorbachev was known as
perestroika
The most important urban technological innovation was
pipes for water and sewage
Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because of the
political fragmentation of the Empire's becoming too big to rule effectively
The most visible symptom of Rome's "third-century crisis" was the
political instability (weak rulers), foreign invasions (army can't defend the empire), threats from within (revolts & rebellions)
The spread of democracy encourages
political moderation
Identify split inheritance
political power and titles to split to sucessors
(Ch. 21) Napoleon's rise to power marked another modern form of government called...
popular authoritarianism.
The post World War II decades were dominated by American cultural imperialism; however,
popular culture and products have become increasingly international.
One direct result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905 was the
popular revolt that forced the creation of the Duma and a new constitution
25. In 1798, Thomas Malthus argued that
population growth would outstrip food production
The Ming produced one of the most prized commercial products of Eurasia,
porcelain
The leading export commodity of China during the Han was
porcelain / silk
Japanese manufacturers in the 1600s and 1700s made beautiful
porcelain, potter, lacquer, and skills in steel making.
What were causes of the French Revolution? What type of government was formed afterwards?
poverty, hunger, high taxes; constitutional monarchy
The Greek Dark Age was a period of?
poverty, isolation and depopulation
The annual flood of the Nile can best be characterized as ______
predictable
During its decline, what was experienced by the Ming?
pressure from Mongol federations.
5. To promote his ideas, Luther used what invention?
printing press
a mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. Presses used moveable type first appeared in europe about 1450
printing press
most slaves taken in africa were
prisoners of war
in order to make tobacco trade profitable, european governments used charter companies
private investors with trade monopolies in colonies
The Qing Emperor's desire for security of the northern border led to
prolonged battles between Russia and the chinese
Napoleon won the support of the peasantry and the middle class by
promised order once and for all
Napoleon became Europe's first popular dictator because he
promised order to an exhausted society
The result of the Persian Wars was what?
the expulsion of the Persians from Greece
In Europe's later middle ages, the rapid growth of industry resulted in environmental changes, which of the following was not among them
the extinction of many animal species
Who was Juvaini?
the first to write the history of the Mongols
45. Which country has arguably the worst environmental record?
the former Soviet Union
Who ruled each of the Aztec city-states?
the great speaker Tenochtitlan
(ch 29)14. The Communist Chinese forces defeated the Guomindang largely through..
the greed and ineptness of the Guomindang
The Communist Chinese forces defeated the Guomindang largely through
the greed and ineptness of the Guomindang.
In 1910, the most serious problem facing Mexico was
the growing gap between rich and poor.
What is globalization?
the growing global economic, cultural, and political integration and interaction
The Victorian Age refers to rules of behavior and family wherein
the home was idealized as a peaceful and loving refuge
Transportation in Western Asia was revolutionized in the Later Bronze Age by the introduction of what animal?
the horse
One impact of the rise of cities under Mongol rule was
the increasing influence of Mandarin
20. What DID NOT caused an increase in Indian Ocean trade between 1200 and 1500?
the invention of the lateen sail and the compass
both muslims and europeans obtained slaves from sub-saharan africa but
the islamic trade was much smaller
Southeast Asia is described as a "geographically active zone," meaning that
the islands are the tops of a chain of volcanoes
The nineteenth-century movement that defended workers against their employers was
the labor union movement
By 1915, the U.S. railroad network was
the largest in the world
The foundation of Islamic civilization is the shari'a, or
the law of Islam
(Ch. 21) The enlightenment was the intellectual movement in which...
the methods and questions of the Scientific Revolution were applied to human society.
3. The rainy and dry seasons in the Indian Ocean reflect the influence of what?
the monsoons
Why was Indian civilization unable to free women from the 30 to 40 hours a week that went into preparing basic food?
the needed to spend time for family to surivie
(Ch. 29) Franklin D. Roosevelt's economic recovery plan was:
the new deal
A result of the competition among states in the Warring States Period was
the opportunity of a strong leader to control everything - Qin and his Qin dynasty
(Ch. 29) Hitler's goal for Germany included all of the following except
to divide the Western world from the Eastern by a tripartite pact with Japan.
(ch 29)4. In his earlier writings in Mein Kampf, Hitler's plans for Russia was....
to enslave the Slavic people and "create living space" to the East
plantation slaves were motivated to work hard
to escape punishment
In the Constitution, why were slaves counted as three-fifths of a person
to give southern states more reps
What is the goal of terrorism?
to provoke harsh reprisals that would gain public sympathy
although tobacco was a new world plant long used by amerindians
tobacco became enormously popular in Europe
(Ch. 20) To gain Chinese converts, the Jesuits
tolerated Confucian ancestor worship
What were some differences between the Incas and the Aztecs?
trade more developed in Aztec empire, writing style, social definition of hierarchy
44. The primary agent of technological change is the
transnational corporation
Russian rulers were called
tsars
Joseph Stalin's goal was to
turn the USSR into an industrial nation.
men outnumbered women on carribean plantations because
twice as many were imported
The unified community accepting Islam and believing that Muhammad was the "Messenger of God" was called the what?
umma
Italy's fasci di combattimento initially comprised mainly
unemployed veterans and violent youths.
degree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in Latin west from 1200 onward became a model of all modern universities
universities
What contributed to the Aztec Empire's collapse?
unknown-social stress
Historians use the term New Imperialism to refer to the West's
use of industrial technology to impose its will on the nonindustrial world.
15. As a response to the protests that culminated in Tiananmen Square, the Chinese government
used force
How did the Greeks worshiped their gods?
various types of sacrificial gifts
Benjamin Franklin was an example to European intellectuals that America was doing what?
vast potential of America
in the thirteenth century, what caused Italian eastern Mediterranean trade to be strengthened?
venetian inspired assault on Constantinople
(Ch. 29) China's response to the Depression was
very little, as their problems were more political.
The effect of the Depression on non-industrial nations was
very uneven.
How does the chapter suggest that farmers were able to displace foragers from fertile lands?
via gradual infiltration, rather than by conquest
Despite a complex story of migrations and invasions, why did the Phoenician economy flourish?
•manufacture & seaborne commerce
Who succeeded the Assyrians as the rulers of the Middle East?
• HOMELAND: The Medes • MOST OF TERRITORY: The Neo-Babylonian kingdom
How did Confucian philosophy attempt to create societal harmony?
•He emphasized the idea that the country is parallel to the family •it had that rule about 4 submissions (strict hierarchy) •emphasized the role of the emperor in maintaining the peace among people; if the emperor were good, the people would be good •the main points of Confucianism promote peace, fairness, loyalty, niceness and being rational and dignified. •NOT: by emphasizing individual rights
Why is the pharaoh Tutankhamun famous?
•His tomb was the only royal tomb found by archaeologists that had not been pillaged by tomb robbers
What did German businessman Heinrich Schleiman find in 1876?
•In 1876 Schliemann stunned the scholarly world by discovering at Mycenae a circle of graves at the base of deep, rectangular shafts (shaft graves)
Although Minoan writing is undeciphered, Minoan artifacts indicate what?
•They had widespread trade connections
Women in Israelite society were respected because they did what?
•They provided goods and services that sustained family life
The importance of the monsoon what?
•To facilitate sailing across the Indian Ocean
Some followers of Buddhism took vows of
•Celibacy, non violence, and poverty
After the city of Mecca surrendered to Muhammad, he established a new state based on what?
•Common faith in a single god not kinship
What areas were brought under Muslim control under the leadership of the caliphs?
•Egypt •Syria •Spain •Sindi NOT: Eastern Europe
From where did the Israelites'(and later the Muslims') prohibition of pork eating probably derive?
•Egypt in the second millennium B.C.E.
What were the three classes of Assyrian society?
•(1) free, landowning citizens, •(2) farmers and artisans attached to the estates of the king or other rich landholders, and •(3) slaves.
Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt wanted a course for myrrh resin, what was myrrh resin and where was it used?
•A reddish brown resin from the hardened sap of a local tree, which the egyptians burned on the altars of their gods and used as an ingredient in medicine and cosmetics
Why did the rulers of al-Andalus Spain finally take the title of caliph in 929?
•Abd al-Rahman III (r.912-961) did so in response to a similar declaration by the newly established fatimid ruler in Tunisia
The gradual adoption of agriculture transformed the world most by causing what?
•Agriculture supported a gradual population increase, perhaps 10 million by 5000 B.C.E. and then a mushrooming to between 50 million and 100 million by 1000 B.C.E.
What does "swidden" agriculture describe?
•Also known as shifting cultivation; farmers would leave the fields to fallow (abandoned to natural vegetation) and cleared new lands nearby
Most sub-Saharan languages come from one giant linguistic family, called what?
•Bantu (after the word meaning "people" in most of the languages)
What were the differences between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean seafaring?
•Indian Ocean: triangle lateen sails, no oars, planks of ships were pierces, tied together with palm fibers and caulked with bitumen; covered long reaches entirely at sea because of monsoon winds •Mediterranean: sqaure sails, long bank oars, vessels nailed together, rarely ventured out of the sight of land
The early inhabitants of the East African island of Madagascar came from where?
•Islands of Southeast Asia
What does the concept of yin and yang represent?
•It represented the complementary nature of male and female roles in the natural order
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is an important account because why?
•It reveals the description of ancient trade in the Indian Ocean and the diversity and economic forces, shaping the Indian Ocean trade system it descibes a vast interconnected trading system
The fundamental idea of Daoism can be summarized as what?
•It urged humanity to follow the path of nature Book answer: The Warring States Period also saw the rise of the school of thought known as Daoism˚. According to tradition, Laozi, the originator of Daoism (believed to have lived in the sixth century B.C.E., though some scholars doubt his existence), sought to stop the warfare of theage by urging humanity to follow the Dao, or "path."Daoists accept the world as they find it, avoiding useless struggles and adhering to the "path" of nature. They avoid violence if at all possible and take the minimal action necessary for a task.
What are the advantages of iron over bronze?
•It was a single metal rather than alloy, making it simpler to obtain •Iron tools were harder than bronze tools •Iron tools had sharper edges than bronze tools •NOT: Iron is more decorative
Southeast Asia first rose to prominence because
•It was an intermediary in regional trade
Why was Chavin de Huantar's location pivotal in its success?
•It was located at the intersection of trade routes between the mountain valleys and the coastal lowlands
Muhammad's teachings are similar to what other monotheistic religions?
•Judaism and Christianity
The reincarnation of the atman into a given class depends on
•Karma or deeds in life
What impact did the introduction of maize to the Andean have?
•Maize increased the food supplies of the coast and interior foothills, allowing greater levels of urbanization
Which of the following were not among the impressive navigational skills developed by the Malay people?
•NOT: The astrolabe •ARE: knew how to ride monsoon winds and interpret the patterns of swells, winds, clouds, and bird and sea life
Which of the following is not an element of the Hindu religion?
•NOT: The denial of the existence of a soul ARE: emphasis on intense devotion to the deity and the prominence of fertility rituals and symbolism and elements of Buddhism
Which of the following are not among the plant and animal species that thrive in Southeast Asia?
•NOT: Wheat and water buffalo •ARE: wet rice, soy beans, sugar cane, yams, bananas, coconuts, cocoyams, chickens, and pigs
Which of the following has not been a factor in India's habitual political fragmentation historically?
•Not: Repeated interference by China in Indian affairs ARE: different terrians caused different forms of organization and economic activity, peoples occupying topographically diverse zones differed from one another in language and cultural practices, complex social hierarchy
List the Egyptian cultural influences on Nubia?
•Nubians also built pyramids, dressed the same, adopted their religion and spoke the same language •NOT: Actually, because of overwhelming force of Nubian culture, Egyptians had no influence on them
What is an example of the enduring impact of the Olmec on Mesoamerican life?
•Ritual Ball games
Why did the division of the Muslim community take place and why did it grow?
•Shi'ites believed that the religious leadership belonged to Ali and his descendants while, Sunnis, believed that the community should choose it leaders more broadly
The varna system developed in order to create
•Social order between groups
What can be learned about women in the Vedic Age from Vedic literature?
•Studied sacred lore, composed religious hymns, and participated in the sacrificial ritual, had the opportunity to own property, and married in their middle or later teens
Muslims who believe that the first three caliphs were properly selected are called
•Sunnis
What are the names of the two sects of Islam that resulted from the division of the Muslim community?
•Sunnis and Shi'ites
Why was the Nubian offer to aid Palestine a mistake?
•The Assyrians retaliated by driving the Nubian monarchs back to their southern domain in 660 B.C.E.
The foremost power in Anatolia from 1700 to 1200 B.C.E. was who?
•The Hittites
After the Middle Kingdom, Egypt came under foreign domination for the first time under who?
•The Hyksos
The cultural core of early Olmec civilization was located where?
•The center of Olmec civilization was located near the tropical Atlantic coast of what are now the Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco •San Lorenzo
The Indian Ocean maritime system forged economic and social ties between who?
•The coastal lands of east Africa, southern Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, southeast Asia and southern China
The Silk Road was a trade route connecting what places?
•The lands of the Mediterranean with China by way of Mesopotamia, Iran, and Central Asia
The head of the Ethiopian Christian Church is?
•The patriarch of Alexandria
What made certain Phoenician textiles unique?
•The purple-dye (tyrian purple)
List some characteristics about the rule of the Seljuk Empire?
•Were under Turkish rule •Turkish Muslim state based on nomadic power •irrigation works suffered from lack of maintenance in the unsettled countryside •tax revenues fell •few Turks participated in urban cultural and religious life •princes contesting for power fought over cities in the 12th century •cities shrank as pastoralists overran their agricultural hinterlands •NOT: mesopotamia grew in population and influence
List the crops and identify which region they grow in.
•Wheat and Millet in north •rice in the south, yangzi river
What is the underlying message of the cycle of reincarnation?
•You are where you deserve to be •The only way to improve your lot in the next cycle of existence is to accept your current station and its attendant duties
The chief source of revenue for the Gupta Empire was
•a 25% tax on agricultural produce
What happened in the Muslim community after Muhammad's death?
•a caliph to lead the umma (•Abu Bakar)
The Gupta Empire maintained tight control in the core of the empire through
•a powerful national army
The ulama were what/who?
•a social group of religious scholars- Arabic for "people with (religious) knowledge- working against any permanent division of the Islamic Umma
The class and caste systems in India were connected to
•a widespread belief in reincarnation
The Gupta Empire collapsed in 550 C.E.
•after invasions by the Huns of Central Asia
The merchant aristocracy that controlled Carthage was unique because it did what?
•allowed successful and ambitious individuals and families to gain political influence
Why did ancestor worship become important during the Shang period?
•ancestors had special influence with the gods •because they believed that their ancestors were intensely interested in the fortunes of their descendants and had special influence with the gods
Why did the center of power shift to Meroe in the 4th century BCE?
•because of Meroe's location; it was better for agriculture and trade which were the bases of the economy of Nubia
Why did civilization emerge in Nubia?
•because of it's location and natural wealth
Why is the martyrdom of Husayn a significant event in Muslim history?
•because the sympathy for Husayn's martyrdom helped transform Shi'ism from political movement into a religious sect. •marks the beginning of the sect of Shi'ism
Why did the Olmec lay out their cities in alignment with the paths of stars?
•because they believe that astronomical events have significance •NOT because they wanted to please the gods, which was an option on the last test that a lot of people put
Early societies developed civilizations in the floodplains of great rivers because the rivers and floodplains provided what?
•because when they flooded, the nutrients would fertilize the soil and with the building of irrigation systems, people could use the water from floods to easily water their crops.
The best primary evidence of early Saharan history consists of what?
•cave paintings / engravings found on cliffs and caves
What military technologies did the Silk Road spread?
•chariot warfare, the use of mounted bowmen and the stirrup (Kushan people)
What wildlife existed in the Saharan region?
•elephants, giraffes, crocodiles and rhinoceros •NOT: ALLIGATORS
Pan-African cultural patterns may have been shaped by what?
•he southward migration of the region's population (of Europe) creating an increasingly concentration in the sahel
The Mauryan leader Ashoka converted to Buddhism and became a unique leader because
•he was overwhelmed by the brutality of his early conquests
What is the legacy of the Chinese writing system developed during the Shang dynasty?
•in endured to unify people of essentially different spoken languages (dialect) •pictograms •Modern Chinese uses the same characters as those developed during the Shang period.
The collection of Indian poetic hymns dedicated to the various deities and describing sacred practices is
•in the Rig Veda and Brahmana
In order to improve trade, the Mauryan Empire
•issued standard coinage throughout the empire
Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age?"
•it created the refinement of cosmopolitan Baghdad culture •the translation of Aristotle into Arabic
Why did Egypt became aggressive toward Nubia during the Middle and New Kingdom periods?
•it sought to control nubian gold mines •Because egypt was in a quest for gold
According to the book, what can be said to contribute to India's diversity?
•landscape caused many ethnic and linguistic group •political fragmentation •hierarchy of social groups •numerous deities
The Muslims fought the Battle of the Camel in a dispute over what?
•leader of the umma (the caliph)
Siddhartha Gautama articulated the "Four Noble Truths," which taught that
•life is suffering •suffering is caused by desire •solution to suffering is in leaving/curbing desire •desire can be curbed/left if a person follows the "Eighfold Path"
Which rituals aided the Jews in maintaining a strong cultural identity after the loss of their state?
•lived by a rigid set of rules: 1. dietary restrictions forbade pork and shellfish, 2. mandate that meat and dairy products aren't consumed together, 3. ritual paths were used to achieve purity, 4. women were to take ritual baths after menstration, 5. sabbath, 6. not allowed to marry non jews. •NOT:the requirement that men grow beards
Describe the metal objects unearthed in the Indus Valley _______
•metal goods belonged to a broad cross-section of the population in the Indus Valley •The varying ratios of tin to copper in their bronze objects suggest awareness of the hardness of different mixtures •Less tin was used in objects that didn't require maximum hardness like knives and more tin in thngs like axes that had to be harder
Early Greek communities such as Mycenae, Thebes, and Pylos were organized around what?
•monumental building complexes on fortified hilltops
Muslim means
•one who makes "submission"
Sub-Saharan Africa's cultural unity emanated from where?
•people who occupied the south Sahara
Buddhists who followed the original teachings of the Buddha are called
•practitioners of theravada ("Teachings of the Elders")
Indian ritual sacrifices were intended to
•promote stability in the world
How did the Chinese acquire silk?
•raising silk worms, and pioneering silk cloth production •1st raising silkworms, then unraveling their cocoons to produce silk thread
Describe the foreign policy of the Carthaginian state?
•reflected an interest in protecting the seatrade
Indian Ocean society could be described as bicultural because why?
•sailors often married women in ocean ports that were of a different culture than themselves
List the attributes of a civilization.
•settled agriculture, lots of non-food-producing jobs, separation of classes based on wealth, long distance trade, interest in science and art, a monumental building, system of keeping permanent records, political system based on territory instead of kinship and having cities as administrative centers.
How can early Greek cultural unity best be explained?
•similarities in the shapes, decorative styles, and production techniques of buildings, tombs, utensils, tools, clothing, and works of art •a context of political unity •extensive contacts and commerce between kingdoms.
The American continents contained very few domesticated animals because why?
•some scholars believe that no other American species could have been domesticated (other than llamas and dogs) and also American continents could not be borrowed from elsewhere because of the geographical isolation.
The religions of farming communities tended to focus on what?
•the Earth Mother, a deity believed to be the source of new life, an all-powerful (and usually male) Sky God, and divinities representing fire, wind and rain.
During the first centuries C.E., the two great epics of India take their final form; they are
•the Ramayana and the Mahabharata
In the Nubian kingdom's matrilineal system, the monarch who usually inherited the throne was who?
•the dead king's sister's son
The Vedic Age was a new historical period in India marked by
•the dominance of indo-europeans over India
What facilitated the spread of Christianity to Armenia?
•the invention of the Armenian alphabet
After failing to reform their government and military, the Abbasid Caliphate fell under the influence of the
•the mountain warriors from the province of Daylam in northern Iran led by the shi'ite Buyid family.
Although Hindus worship different deities such as Vishnu and Shiva, they are really
•the same god; Brahma
List some characteristics about Muslim women?
•they inheritied property and retained it in marriage •they had a right to remarry •they received a cash payment upon divorce •a woman could initiate divorce under specificed conditions •women could practice birth control •they could testify in court •they could go on pilgrimage
The Neo-Assyrian Empire of the early first millennium was the first to do what?
•to rule over far-flung lands and diverse peoples
Why did the Assyrian government used mass deportation?
•to take away peoples' hope to reduce the chance of rebellion
Conversion to Islam was primarily a result of
•urbanization •people's learning about the new ruler's religion than an escape from the tax on the non-muslims, as suggested by scholars, helped spur urbanization •gradually learning about Islam
The great vision of the Shari'a is an umma with?
•which all subscribed to the same moral values and political and ethnic distinctions
What constitutes a shared cultural heritage, or "great tradition"?
•written language, common legal and belief systems, ethical codes and other intellectual attitudes
Which are some ways that individuals sought an alternative path to salvation ?
•yoga, special dietary practices, meditation, and distancing yourself from the desire for things in the world to achieve moksha
