Multiple Choice
A disorder affecting the ability to speak, called __________, results from damage to the __________ area of the brain. a) aphasia; general interpretive b) dyslexia; Broca's c) amnesia; general interpretive d) apnea; medulla oblongata
A
The right cerebral hemisphere receives sensory input from and controls movement of __________. a) the left side of the body b) the right side of the body c) the right and left sides of the body d) neither the right nor the left side of the body because the spinal cord controls movement
A
Which of the following brain components is NOT considered part of the brain stem? a) hypothalamus b) mesencephalon c) pons d) medulla oblongata
A
Which of the following pairs of cranial reflexes and associated responses is INCORRECT? a) corneal reflex—constriction of contralateral pupil b) tympanic reflex—reduced movement of auditory ossicles c) vestibulo-ocular reflexes—opposite movement of eyes to stabilize field of vision d) direct light reflex—constriction of ipsilateral pupil
A
Which of the following statements about cerebrospinal fluid is FALSE? a) It is absorbed into arterial circulation at arachnoid granulations. b) It cushions delicate neural structures. c) A buildup of CSF can lead to hydrocephaly in infants. d) It transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products.
A
Which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is INCORRECT? a) The hypothalamus controls voluntary somatic motor activity. b) The hypothalamus coordinates the activities of the nervous and endocrine systems. c) The hypothalamus adjusts and coordinates activities of autonomic centers in the pons and medulla oblongata. d) The hypothalamus secretes two hormones that are released from the pituitary gland.
A
Which of the following white-matter structures links the frontal lobe to other lobes of the same hemisphere? a) longitudinal fasciculi b) commissural fibers c) arcuate fibers d) projection fibers
A
A patient walks into the emergency room and is having difficulty speaking and moving his tongue. Which of the cranial nerves would you suspect has been damaged? a) abducens (VI) b) hypoglossal (XII) c) vagus (X) d) facial (VII)
B
Damage to the cerebellum could be diagnosed by observing __________. a) a lack of tact or discretion b) ataxia, or loss of balance c) an inability to regulate body temperature d) an inability to understand words, although individual letters may be recognizable
B
Projection fibers link the __________ cortex with the __________. a) insular; other cerebral lobes b) cerebral; brain stem and other centers c) frontal; other lobes d) cerebellar; diencephalon
B
The corpora quadrigemina are part of the __________. a) diencephalon b) mesencephalon c) myelencephalon d) telencephalon
B
The inner meninx adhering to the tissues of the brain is the __________. a) denticulate mater b) pia mater c) arachnoid mater d) dura mater
B
The most posterior part of the brain, which integrates into the spinal cord, is the __________. a) cerebrum b) medulla oblongata c) pineal body d) cerebellum
B
The tenth cranial nerve is the __________. a) trochlear nerve b) vagus nerve c) optic nerve d) olfactory nerve
B
The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a broad band of white matter called the __________. a) intermediate mass b) corpus callosum c) pons d) vermis
B
Three of these choices are exceptions to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS. Which choice maintains the BBB? a) portions of the hypothalamus and capillary beds b) superior sagittal sinus and arachnoid villi c) pineal gland and capillary beds d) choroid plexus and capillary beds
B
Which of the following could have resulted from stimulating the limbic system of a patient undergoing brain surgery? a) The patient experienced involuntary muscle contractions. b) The patient became agitated and angry. c) The patient lost her ability to speak. d) The patient had a seizure.
B
Which of the following is the correct linkage between an area of the cerebral cortex and its function? a) olfactory cortex—receives information that is heard b) premotor cortex—coordination of learned motor responses c) visual association area—receives visual information d) general interpretive area—abstract intellectual functions
B
Broca's area is __________. a) usually in the right hemisphere b) important in learning motor control c) also called the motor speech area d) all of the listed characteristics
C
Elevated ridges on the surface of the brain are called __________. a) fissures b) sulci c) gyri d) lobes
C
The cerebrum develops from which portion of the embryonic brain? a) myelencephalon b) diencephalon c) telencephalon d) mesencephalon
C
The falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli are __________. a) cerebral ventricles b) venous sinuses c) dural folds d) alternative dural folds
C
The postcentral gyrus contains association cells of the __________. a) primary language center b) primary auditory cortex c) primary sensory cortex d) primary motor cortex
C
What are the major arteries supplying the brain? a) external carotids and linguals b) external carotids and vertebrals c) internal carotids and vertebrals d) internal carotids and linguals
C
Which of the following cranial reflexes is NOT somatic? a) vestibulo-ocular reflexes b) corneal reflex c) direct light reflex d) tympanic reflex
C
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? a) regulating body temperature b) controlling autonomic functions c) adjusting postural muscles d) producing emotions and behavior drives
C
Which of the following is NOT a function of the medulla oblongata? a) regulating heart rate and force of contraction b) relaying somatic sensory information to the thalamus c) relaying sensory and motor information to the cerebellum d) regulating distribution of blood flow
C
Which of the following statements about the cranial meninges is INCORRECT? a) The endosteal layer of dura mater is directly connected to the periosteum lining the inner surfaces of cranial bones. b) In cranial trauma, the cerebrospinal fluid acts as an airbag to cushion sudden jolts and shocks. c) In cranial trauma, the pia mater provides the brain with the greatest protection from trauma by hitting the bones of the cranium. d) In cranial trauma, the dural folds act as safety belts to hold the brain in position.
C
Which of these cerebral lobes is INCORRECTLY identified? a) occipital lobe—most posterior lobe b) insula—buried within lateral sulcus c) parietal lobe—lateral and inferior lobe d) temporal lobe—lateral and inferior lobe
C
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the __________. a) subarachnoid space b) cerebral ventricles c) central canal of the spinal cord d) cerebral ventricles, subarachnoid space, and central canal of the spinal cord
D
Jennifer tries to dress in the dark so as not to disturb her roommate, Joann. Jennifer feels the clothes in her closet until she recognizes her favorite silk blouse. Which part of the brain allowed Jennifer to recognize her blouse by using her sense of touch? a) left cerebral hemisphere b) hypothalamus c) visual cortex d) right cerebral hemisphere
D
The fold that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum is formed by the __________. a) falx cerebelli b) falx cerebri c) arachnoid fold d) tentorium cerebelli
D
The general interpretive area is __________. a) usually found in the left hemisphere b) important in understanding language c) also called Wernicke's area d) all of the listed characteristics
D
The third and fourth ventricles are connected by the __________. a) lateral ventricle b) corpus callosum c) interventricular foramen d) cerebral aqueduct
D
The visual association area is located in the __________. a) temporal lobe b) parietal lobe c) frontal lobe d) occipital lobe
D
Which of the following statements about the cerebellum is FALSE? a) The cerebellar peduncles link the cerebellum with the brain stem, cerebrum, and spinal cord. b) It is composed of folds called folia and a superficial cerebellar cortex. c) Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex have numerous dendrites and may have up to 200,000 synapses per cell. d) All of the listed responses are true; none are false.
D
Which of the following statements about the limbic system is FALSE? a) The cingulate gyrus of the limbic system is located just above the corpus callosum. b) The limbic system facilitates memory storage and retrieval. c) The hippocampus is a folded area of cortex beneath the floor of the lateral ventricle that is important in learning, especially storage and retrieval of long-term memories. d) A major part of the limbic system is the reticular formation, composed of the cerebral nuclei and centered in the lower cerebrum.
D
Which of the following statements is descriptive NOT of the medulla oblongata but of the spinal cord? a) Autonomic nuclei controlling cardiovascular and respiratory activities are found here. b) At the superior end of this region is the fourth ventricle. c) Cranial nerves VIII-XII originate from this location. d) Gray matter in this area is organized into posterior, lateral, and anterior horns
D
Which of these does NOT correctly link developing areas of the brain? a) telencephalon to cerebrum b) mesencephalon to mesencephalon c) rhombencephalon to metencephalon and myelencephalon d) mesencephalon to metencephalon e) metencephalon to cerebellum and pons
D
Which of these is NOT a function of the cerebral nuclei? a) controlling cycles of arm and thigh movement in walking b) providing general pattern and rhythm of voluntary movements c) controlling and adjusting muscle tone in voluntary movements d) sending sensory information to the spinal cord
D
