MUSC 2150

1) Identify and describe the events, organizations, and inventions that aided the rise of rock and roll. 2) Identify and describe major early rock and roll artists. 3) Discuss the pros and cons of the appropriation of black rock and roll by white artists.

1) -The large baby boomer middle class white youth that saw Rock and Roll as 'their own' genre - Disc jockeys like Freed promoted Rhythm & Blues and eventually rock on a national stage -Children born after the war had the most freedom to spend on luxury and less pressure to assimilate into adult culture -Mixing of Pop, Rhythm & Blue and Country & Western by small, independent record labels (break down of socioeconomic boundaries associated with genres) -Reduced operating production cost of 7" 45 rpm record designed by RCA -'Rock around the clock' playing at the beginning of Blackboard Jungle, about juvenile delinquents, solidified the association -Development of the transistor radio 2) Carl Perkins -> Rockability guitarist-singer who was first million record sale for Sun records Jonny Cash -> followed Presley in making the switch from country to pop charts with I Walk The Line Jerry Lee Lewis -> Mimicked Little Richard's persona but lost appeal once it was found out his wife was 13 Buddy Holly -> Same idea as Elvis but wrote his own songs, borrowed from blues and country to try to make clean cut pop music. No drums, manipulated timbre, AABA form, 12-bar blues harmony. Trademark hiccups. Coat-tailed major labels looking for rock, thanks to Elvis. Chuck Berry -> Same as Buddy Holly but was less adventurous with song formats and heavier into blues. Holly was more into country. Writing your own music set the tone for 60s and 70s rock. 3) -Many white adults associated Rock and Roll with gangs and getting into trouble -Bill Haley's toned down sexual cover of Shake Rattle and Roll of the original Big Joe Turner -Aside from making more innocent lyrics, the rhythm was taken out to more pop centric -Haley eventually went to a more Rhythm and Blues sound for Rock Around the Clock, that made it big in Blackboard Jungle -Artists like Boone covering Rhythm and Blues for a white audience set the stage -Black Rhythm and Blues artists would make the song, sell their rights for it to be remade into pop music and the royalties would go to large, white record companies -Covers were not distinctive though, like they should be to keep with the true meaning of 'cover' Keeping in mind the song was primary unit of music until the 60s

1) What is overdubbing? 2) What is Garland's vocal timbre like? 3) What is a coda?

1) -a recording process in which new recorded parts are added to previously recorded ones -one benefit to overdubbing is that it allows parts of a song to be recorded at different times, and even makes it possible for the same person to perform multiple parts in a way that would be impossible in real time 2) a trained voice that sounds full and round 3) -some songs contain an ending section called the 'coda' -the coda often uses musical material from earlier in the song to provide an ending, which is sometimes a fade-out -some musicians refer to the coda as an 'outro', paralleling the beginning section in a song, which is often called the 'intro'

1) Chicago 'electric' blues strongly influenced the? 2) Urban blues also developed the? 3) That means that?

1) British blues revival centred in London in the 1960s 2) 12-bar blues chord progression 3) 1-4 of each verse will have the same harmony (underlying chords), bars 5-8 of each verse will have the same or very similar harmony, and bars 9-12 will have a different harmony

1) Nowhere to Run is an example of? 2) This sound, though produced by the same team, is very different from? 3) The vocals are more?

1) Motown pop, though it is also called Detroit soul 2) the slick pop sound of Baby Love 3) improvisatory, as well as using a rougher, more powerful timbre, showing a stronger link to gospel than pop

1) The contraceptive pill being approved for use gave women? 2) The result was that many women? 3) The second event that helped the women's rights movement was?

1) control over reproduction, allowing them the same sexual freedom as men 2) began to wait longer before having families, giving them time to access education and start careers 3) the passing of the Equity Pay Act of 1963

1) In That's All Right (Mama) Presley's voice has a? 2) Presley places touches of? 3) When is there a clear example of vibrato?

1) faint echo effect, engineered by Phillips 2) vibrato throughout the song 3) at 0:10 on the word 'all'

1) In Blowin' in the Wind, Dylan accompanies himself on? 2) Dylan learned his art directly from? 3) Dylan's vocal timbre is?

1) guitar 2) Guthrie and uses the same technique of singing out of time to draw your attention to the lyrics 3) also a bit rough: another technique to make listeners a bit uncomfortable and draw their attention to the lyrics

1) In Take it Easy, the internal moral compass implied of the singer means? 2) Such a thing is a? 3) This virtue makes the singer someone we can?

1) he has beliefs that he will defend 2) virtue and resonates with most people on a personal level 3) admire

1) New York publishers dominated the? 2) Most of these publishers belonged to? 3) ASCAP stands for?

1) mainstream music-publishing industry 2) ASCAP 3) the 'American Society of Composers, Artists, and Publishers'

1) Tom Dooley by the Kingston Trio is an example of? 2) What is tag? 3) This song is completely?

1) more commercially successful folk 2) a tag usually occurs at the end of a song or large section and consists of repeating the last few measures of the concluding section up to two times 3) non-political, traditional folk song

1) A trained singer's falsetto voice will sound? 2) Yodelling is a common feature in both? 3) The timbre of "Blue Yodel" when the artist is singing normally (not yodelling) is?

1) much more full and pure 2) country and western music and in some folk musics 3) thin and nasally

1) Yodelling is performed by? 2) Everyone has a falsetto voice (though in women it is called a 'head voice') and it sounds? 3) An untrained falsetto will sound?

1) rapidly switching back and forth between your chest voice (the vocal range you use for talking) and your falsetto voice, while singing 2) pretty horrible to sing with it unless the falsetto has been trained 3) high, thin and wobbly

1) The delayed backbeat, like the horns, becomes a staple of? 2) In, In the Midnight Hour, there is a lack of? 3) What is the timbre like of Pickett's voice?

1) the STAX sound 2) backup singers 3) rough, raw

1) In Whole Lotta Love, there are slide-guitar responses to? 2) Slide guitar was a feature of? 3) The vocal timbre is very?

1) the vocals in the chorus 2) American delta blues 3) rough; Robert Plant moves frequently into his falsetto

1) In 'Evil' the AAB pattern is? 2) 'B' is the? 3) There is an improvisatory nature to?

1) varied to AB in this song 2) refrain 3) the vocals and the instrumental solos

1) The use of a slide on the guitar neck is a common feature of? 2) Unlike steel guitar, the slide for blues guitar is often? 3) The guitarist holds the guitar in?

1) Country blues 2) glass or ceramic, sometimes made from a bottleneck 3) its usual position: across the body, not lying in the lap

1) What are two examples of simple verse form? 2) What is an example of a song that uses AABA form? 3) What is an example of a song that uses simple verse-chorus form?

1) Rocket 88 and Heartbreak Hotel 2) Great Balls of Fire 3) Can the Circle Be Unbroken

1) In I Want to Hold Your Hand the AABA formal structure is the same one used for years by? 2) Tomorrow Never Knows by the Beatles reflects? 3) The lyrics are drawn from the?

1) Tin Pan Alley pop 2) the Beatles' mature style: their heightened concern for having meaningful lyrics and their interest in studio production techniques 3) Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead by Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert, and Ralph Metzler, which itself was based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead, the western title for an 8th century Tibetan book that describes the experience of consciousness between death and rebirth

1) The references to drugs in psychedelic rock are often coded in? 2) The Dark Star by the Grateful Dead is an example of? 3) It was originally released as?

1) euphemism 2) psychedelic rock 3) an unpopular single, but appeared in much longer forms on albums and in live performances

1) In Be My Baby, the wall of sound is made up of? 2) In essence, Spector has created a new? 3) Elaborate on the new timbre created

1) piano, electric guitar, and strings, but it is very difficult to hear the individual sounds 2) timbre 3) -at 0:26, the horns enter to thicken the wall -at 0:54, the backup singers join the wall, making them hard to pick out

1) Most rural blues is sung? 2) The vocal timbre of the singer tends to be? 3) Most of the recorded rural blues artists were?

1) solo either 'a cappella' (unaccompanied), or accompanied by the singer playing his own guitar or banjo 2) rough and thin, sometimes nasal 3) men

1) Discuss historical context of the 1950s and early 1960s 2) Discuss the role of American Bandstand in the broadening of the pop-music audience and the creation of a youth dance culture. 3) Discuss the roots and inspiration behind the folk-revival movement.

1) "Disco-teques" started popping up, with dance as their primary attraction. "The Twist" by Chubby Checker started a dance-oriented song phenomenon. Recorded songs were played by disc jockeys, not live bands. 2) Dick Clark took over the Philadelphia show and created a dress/behaviour code, to satisfy parents' distrust of Rock N Roll but still keep a dance party for teenagers. Created national youth dance culture. 3) The same style as Tin Pan Alley, in which the producer is the focus of the song and the singer is interchangeable. It was a methodical way of specializing each stage of development to ensure a wholesome, non-offensive song was produced. This was how the industry rebelled after Rock N Roll came out with unpredictable lyrics and eccentrics. ASCAP was the governing body.

1) "Wabash Canonball" is an example of? 2) There is no specific 'Hawaiian' guitar, it is really a? 3) The guitar is laid on its?

1) 'Hawaiian' or 'steel' guitar playing: another popular style in both country and western music 2) style of playing 3) back on the performer's lap and the performer uses a cylindrical object called a 'slide' to press down on the strings along the neck

1) The hippie counterculture was inspired writers called? 2) These writers were interested in? 3) The beatniks rejected the?

1) 'The Beat Generation', who were active in the 1950s and included (among others) William S Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg, and Jack Kerouac 2) exploring drug use, sexuality, and Eastern spirituality: interests subsequently taken up by the hippies 3) materialism and authority structures of North American culture and provided an alternative to the conservative, white, middle-class culture to which most of the hippies belonged

1) Avant-garde art-music composers using the element of chance in their composed works was called? 2) In A Day in the Life, the use of the aleatoric orchestral crescendo was a? 3) There is an alarm clock sound at?

1) 'aleatoric' music, derived from the Latin word alea, which means 'a dice game' or 'a gamble' 2) conscious choice by the Beatles, and was inspired by avant-garde art music, especially that of Karlheinz Stockhausen 3) 2:19

1) In Satisfaction, the electric guitar has an effect called? 2) The sound is a bit? 3) The effect is controlled by a?

1) 'fuzz' added to it 2) ugly, adding to the 'bad boy' image fostered by the Stones' manager 3) foot pedal plugged into the amplifier

1) In Tutti Frutti, Richard sings? 2) In Pat Boone's version, the text has been altered to? 3) In the original version, the singer has?

1) 'gotta gal named Daisy, she almost drive me crazy', while Boone sings 'gotta gal named Daisy, she almost drives me crazy' 2) change the gist of the song entirely 3) multiple sexual partners

1) Holly adds his vocal? 2) Heartbreak Hotel was released in? 3) The song crossed?

1) 'hiccup' to 'oh' and 'Sue' 2) 1956 and is one of Presley's earliest recordings for the major label RCA 3) all three charts and peaked at number 1 on both the pop and country-western charts and number 5 on the rhythm and blues chart

1) In Cross Road Blues, the first syncopation is on the word? 2) Johnson sings the word on the? 3) The effect is?

1) 'kind' in the first verse at 0:12 2) half beat and at a higher pitch relative to the other notes of the melody 3) an accent on the word that draws our attention to it

1) For urban blues, a part of every combo was the? 2) The rhythm section of any combo consists of? 3) Other instruments may be?

1) 'rhythm section' 2) a guitar and/or piano, a bass, and drums 3) added, but guitar/bass/drums is the standard

1) In That's All Right (Mama), Presley swoops around on the word? 2) In this case, the effect makes the song sound? 3) If he sung the notes precisely, the sound would be much more?

1) 'right' at 0:16 and elsewhere 2) easy going and relaxed 3) stiff and formal

1) Identify and describe the musical and non-musical elements of Tin Pan Alley, country/western, and blues music. 2) Discuss major artists and their contributions to the Tin Pan Alley, country/western, and blues genres. 3) Distinguish aurally the musical elements of Tin Pan Alley, country/western, and blues as they operate in a song.

1) - Follows a standard, though very flexible, formal pattern (sectional verse-chorus format, where the chorus is the part of the song listeners are likely to recognize) - 32-measure AABA form - Songwriters themselves were barely performers 2) Jimmie Rodgers is an important star of country and western before World War II and Hank Williams an important songwriter and performer after 1945. Bessie Smith was an important star of rhythm and blues before World War II, while Muddy Waters and Big Joe Turner are important figures after 1945. Andrew Sister's approach to harmony singing served as one precursor to the doo-wop and girl groups that played an important role in rock and roll in the 1950s and 1960s. 3) Tin Pan Alley was a collection of musicians and song writers in New York city that produced and sold the sheet music to popular songs. It refers to the type of music at the time as well as a way of doing business. -A sectional verse-chorus format, in which the sectional chorus is the song listeners are likely to recognize and made in a 32-bar AABA format, while the sectional verse is a kind of introduction that sets the scene for the song. they are usually in AABA form -the verses usually tell a brief story and the chorus comments on the story or reacts emotionally to the story -the chorus was consciously designed to be the "hook" - the catchy bit that people remembered -most of the songs are love songs and consciously avoid the divisive issues of the day as the publishers became more and more tied to -Broadway and Hollywood, the songs more often sell fantasy, usually an impossible form of romantic love the vocalist is often accompanied by a full band or orchestra

1) Describe stereo placement 2) What is mixing? 3) Identify common venues for viewing rock acts over the course of its history.

1) - Our mind calculates where a sound is coming from on the basis of the "stereo" effect. - Engineers use the "stereo" phenomenon to separate sounds so we can hear more detail in the recording. - In music that is recorded in studio, the engineer can control whether a sound comes out of the right or left speaker, or some combination of the two. 2) The dimensions of recorded sound - ambience, EQ, stereo placement, and overall volume - are controlled from a mixing board. 3) - Television - Film - Music videos

1) What are the usual musical roles of the instruments most common to rock? 2) The Amos and Andy radio show ran from? 3) The characters in the title are?

1) - Rhythm = foundation for singer, instrumental soloists, and other members of the group that focus on melody - Drummer = establishes tempo, meter, and "feel" of each song - Bass = works with drummer on rhythmic level + plays the important bass notes to the chord progressions played by the guitar and/or keyboards - Singer = create melodic interest + deliver the lyrics in a convincing manner 2) the 1920s to the 1950s, eventually becoming a popular television show 3) a pair of poor, uneducated black men; the men who portrayed the characters were white

1) What are some other examples of songs with named dances? 2) In North America, the number of night clubs dedicated to dancing increased dramatically in the wake of? 3) Many of these clubs were called?

1) -Chubby Checker, The Fly -Dee Dee Sharp, The Mashed Potato -Joey Dee and the Starlights, The Peppermint Twist 2) The Twist 3) discoteques because the music was provided by a disc jockey and a sound system rather than a live band

1) Describe the scope of the loss of market share that some major labels were facing because of the advent of rock and roll 2) Clearly, the major labels had? 3) Discuss the broader historical context of the 1950s and early 1960s.

1) -Heartbreak Hotel sold more than 1 million copies in the first few months after its release in 1956 -The Don't Be Cruel/Hound Dog 45 sold more than 3 million copies in one year -Presley's records sold more than 10 million copies in 1956 alone -Bing Crosby's White Christmas, one of Tin Pan Alley's most profitable songs, sold many millions of copies but only over the course of several years 2) badly miscalculated the popularity of rock and roll 3) Youth culture developed in America after WW2 and regional/independent radio stations & labels allowed Rhythm and Blue and Country and Western to gain a following. Setting the stage for rock and roll.

1) Discuss the payola scandal and its effect on the music industry. 2) By the end of the 1950s, the major labels have? 3) This style becomes known as?

1) -Indie labels had to aggressively bargain and scam to get their records made and distributed -Large record labels had cash to pay disc jockeys to give their pop music air time -Status Quo: Tin Pan Alley paid singer to use certain songs in their acts -> Big Bands Leaders were paid to play and record certain songs -> The Disc Jockeys were paid to play songs on the radio -All controlled by major labels until Indie ones popped up -ASCAP (American Society of Composers, Artists, Performers) teamed up with major labels to collect royalties -BMI (Broadcast Music Incorporated) represented Indie labels and Rock and Roll -The conglomerates legal battle trying to win back their share of the market in late 50s 2) gained control of the rock and roll genre and have imposed on it the style of production that had served the Tin Pan Alley era so well 3) the 'Brill Building' style of music production, which considers singers interchangeable and places the primary responsibility for a song's success on the producer

1) What is meter classification? 2) What is a meter? 3) What is a duple meter?

1) -a meter classification classifies how we feel the organization of the rhythm for a particular song or passage -meters are classified as either simple or compound, and then either as duple, triple, or quadruple -a meter classification can be notated using a specific meter, and though there are several meters than can be used with each classification, there are six meters that are most common 2) -a meter establishes how we will notate music within a certain meter classification -each of the meter classifications can be represented with several meters, but some meters are far more common than others, especially in rock music -of the simple meters, 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 are most common, and among the compound meters, 6/8, 9/8, and 12/8 are most common 3) -when there are two beats in a bar (or measure) of music, the meter is classified as duple -duple meter is commonly notated as 2/4 if it is a simple feel, or 6/8 if it is a compound feel

1) What is a phrase? 2) What is the Doo-Wop Progression? 3) Give an example of a song with a 12bar blues pattern

1) -a phrase is a short passage of music; often in rock music, phrases are four measures in length (sometimes eight measures) -a phrase is akin to a sentence in spoken language and divides the music into units that make it easier to comprehend -vocal phrases often correspond to obvious points of division and articulation in the lyrics being sung 2) -the doo-wop progression is a structure that can form the basis for verse, chorus, and bridge sections in rock music -it is a repeating pattern of four chords: I-vi-IV-V -in the key of C major, these chords would be C major-A minor-F major-G major -as per its name, the pattern was common in youth-oriented vocal harmony music during the 1950s, but was also employed widely after this period in a variety of contexts 3) Rocket 88 Phrase One: "...heard of jalopies" Phrase Two: "yes, it's great..." Phrase Three: "ride in style..."

1) What is AABA form? 2) What is simple verse-chorus form? 3) What is contrasting verse-chorus form?

1) -a song form that uses two verses (A, A), a bridge (B), and a return the verse (A) as its basic organizational pattern -once the complete AABA pattern is presented, a song may repeat all of the pattern (full reprise) or only part of it (partial reprise) -AABA form is strongly associated with the Tin Pan Alley popular song style, though it also occurs frequently in rock music 2) -in simple verse-chorus form, the verse and chorus sections employ the same underlying musical material, though the lyrics and sung melodies of each section are different -the form consists of these verses and choruses presented in alternation, though more than one verse may occur before the chorus 3) -the verse and chorus sections employ contrasting musical material -the form consists of these contrasting verses and choruses presented in alternation, though more than one verse may occur before the chorus

1) What is an instrumental verse? 2) What is a bar/measure? 3) What is meant by rhythm?

1) -a verse section that repeats the music of the verse without the singing and with an instrument soloing, is an instrumental verse -guitar, saxophone, and keyboard solos are common, though any instrument can solo in an instrumental verse 2) -musicians often count out a song, saying "1,2,3,4" -this is a bar of music, and the numbers represent beats -these bars usually have the same number of beats in them throughout a song (though not always) -the term 'bar' is synonymous with 'measure' 3) -in the broadest sense, the word 'rhythm' refers to the organized patterning of the temporal dimension in music -more specifically, we can refer to a rhythmic figure in the music, which is usually a short segment with a clearly defined profile of some kind -meter and meter classification are aspects of the broader aspect of rhythmic classification

1) What are the elements in Respect that don't belong to the STAX sound, but are clearly from gospel via doo-wop and the blues? 2) The song was originally written by? 3) Papa's Got a Brand New Bag, Pt.1 by James Brown, is produced by?

1) -backup singers -call and response 2) Otis Redding, and is about conjugal respect, but the song became an anthem for women's and civil rights 3) James Brown

1) Describe the 'Tennessee Waltz" by Patty Paige being a triple meter 2) Describe "What a Wonderful World" by Louis Armstrong being a duple compound meter 3) What is timbre?

1) -beat one is strong, beats two and three are weak -you can hear the pattern most clearly in the opening bars, before the vocals begin -the bass is heard on beat one and a strummed guitar is heard on beats two and three -the result is a "boom-chuk-chuk" sound common to all waltzes -the effect is lilting and dance-like 2) -in compound meters, the bar or measure is divided up into two, three or four beats, just like simple meters, however each beat is then sub-divided into three equal parts (in simple meters, the sub-division is always into two parts) -you can hear the division of the beat most clearly in the plucked guitar in the opening bars -the primary beat can be heard most clearly between the bass and a rim-shot on the drum (the drummer hits the rim rather than the skin of the drum, it sounds a bit like a 'clack') and this portion is a simple meter -the primary beat in this case is also duple -the plucked guitar should be counted quickly, the bass and drum slowly -the effect of compound meters, because of the triple sub-division of the main beat, is also rather lilting and dance-like 3) a musical term that refers to the quality or 'colour' of a sound

1) Describe an example of timbre 2) In popular music, timbre is most often considered in terms of? 3) The timbres generally change according to?

1) -consider the difference in the sound of a flute vs a trumpet -you can distinguish one from the other easily because their tone qualities or timbres are different -we generally use rather poetic and subjective adjectives to describe timbre: the timbre of a flute is bright, brittle, or thin, while a trumpet's timbre is bold, brassy, or round 2) the vocals or the guitar sounds 3) genre and can help you identify one from the other

1) What are tracks? 2) What are digital audio workstations? 3) What is a mix down?

1) -discrete sections of an audio recording that may be recorded, manipulated, and played back in isolation -the development of multi-track tape machines after WW2 allowed musicians to record music in stages, or manipulate sections of recordings independently, without changing other parts -common configurations were four-track, eight-track, sixteen-track, and twenty-four track machines -tracks are still used commonly, and are the basis for modern digital recording 2) -a category of software that allows computers to serve as recording and editing devices for musical creation -common DAWs include Garageband, Pro Tools, and Logic 3) -a creative stage of recording when multiple tracks are combined into mono or stereo masters -volume levels are manipulated and effects are often added during this stage

1) What are equalizers? 2) What is meant by mono? 3) What is meant by stereo?

1) -effects that change the quality of sound by increasing or decreasing certain frequencies -often used to enhance or reduce treble, midrange, or bass sounds in recordings and live performances 2) -a method of sound reproduction that produces only one discreet sound signal -AM radio is broadcast in mono, and due to dominance of mono, older cars and record players used only one speaker -many early rock recordings were conceived in mono 3) -a method of sound reproduction that produces two discrete sound signals, allowing listeners to create a sense of horizontal space -FM radio is broadcast in stereo and it became a popular playback form during the late 1960s

1) What is a partial reprise? 2) What is the chorus? 3) Musical forms are created using?

1) -in an AABA form, playing once through the AABA structure often does not create a song that is long enough -when only a portion of AABA structure is repeated, this is called a 'partial reprise' -most partial reprises repeat the BA or the ABA sections of the AABA structure 2) -the chorus is usually the most important or easily remembered section of a song, containing the title and the catchiest musical material -not all songs have a chorus, but when one is present, it is usually the focus of the song 3) patterns of repeated and contrasting musical material

1) What are the main elements that helped pave the way for rock and roll's success in the 1950s? 2) Alan Freed was among the most well-known? 3) Rock Rock Rock is a?

1) -the demographic shift created by the baby boom (by 1955, 40% of the US population was under 20), a strong independent label sector, the development of the transistor radio, the link made in the film Blackboard Jungle between rock and roll and teenage rebellion, the chart-crossing phenomenon, the prevalence of cover songs, and the rise of the DJ 2) DJs to support new music; he is usually credited with inventing the term 'rock and roll' 3) who's who of the 50s rock and roll scene

1) What is ambience? 2) What is reverb? 3) What is echo?

1) -the overall effect of a recording's sound -ambience can be manipulated in a number of ways, the most popular of which is reverb 2) -a special effect added to recordings and live performances to create an artificial sense of sound happening in reverberant spaces 3) -an effect often created through tape manipulation (or digital means) in which multiple copies of a sound are layered in quick succession

1) What are the various roles of the electric bass? 2) What are the various roles of the rhythm guitar and keyboards? 3) What are the various roles of horns and strings?

1) -to 'lock in' with the drummer rhythmically, and to provide the important bass notes to the chord progressions played by the guitar and/or keyboards -bassist is kind of a bridge between the rhythmic and harmonic (or chord-based) dimensions of the music -will create their part around the rhythmic pattern played on the bass drum, stressing those notes rhythmically while filling in other notes to provide an interesting bass line 2) -rhythm guitar fleshes out the harmonic dimension by playing full chords -acoustic rhythm guitar often replaces the drum set and provides the rhythmic propulsion that drives the song forward -rhythm guitar part complements the bass and drum parts, and these three instruments work together to establish the harmonic and rhythmic basis for the song -sometimes if the bass locks in with the bass drum, the rhythm guitar will lock in with the snare, emphasizing the snare part while filling in the remaining space between beats -if keyboards or organs are used with rhythm guitar, they may play the same rhythmic figure as the guitar or simply sustain chords while the guitar plays its more rhythmic part 3) -to add finishing touches to a track -horns can give the tune a little more 'punch' -strings can make an arrangement sound bigger and more elegant -strings are often saved until late in the arrangement and are employed to give the end of the track a convincing lift -create a backdrop that enhances the song without drawing too much attention to itself

1) What is a quadruple meter? 2) What is a shuffle rhythm? 3) What instrumentation can be found in Rocket 88?

1) -when there are four beats in a bar (or measure) of music, the meter is classified as quadruple -quadruple meter is commonly notated as 4/4 if it is a simple feel, or 12/8 if it is a compound feel 2) -a shuffle rhythm is often a way of playing 4/4 that transforms it into something closer to 12/8 -the four beats in a measure of 4/4 are each divided into two equal parts, making for a scheme that goes 1&2&3&4& -in 12/8, the same measure would divide the beats into three equal parts, resulting in 1&uh2&uh3&uh4&uh -a shuffle uses the second of these schemes, but the & is often silent, so we get 1(&)uh2(&)uh3(&)uh4(&)uh -this sounds somewhat like the first scheme (4/4), since it has two elements per beat, but unlike the first scheme, the elements do not evenly divide the beat 3) bass, drums, piano, and saxophones

1) In Peggy Sue, there is no? 2) Holly's use of dialect is? 3) Like Presley, Holly bends and?

1) 12-bar blues harmonic pattern or call and response 2) less obvious than Presley's 3) scoops to notes and adds vocalizations to his singing that serves to increase the sense of energy and emotion in the song

1) ASCAP was formed in? 2) Its purpose was to? 3) Since the Tin Pan Alley style was the?

1) 1941 as a copyright organization 2) protect and license the rights to printing of the lyrics and compositions of its members as well as charge fees for live performances of their members' music 3) dominant form of music marketed to the middle class, this means that ASCAP controlled most of the broadcasted music marketed to the same audience; most music was performed live for the radio until the 1940s

1) American Bandstand became a national hit starting in? 2) The show was essentially a? 3) Clark enforced?

1) 1957 when Dick Clark took over as emcee 2) dance party for teenagers 3) dress and behaviour codes on the artists and dancers, creating an atmosphere that made parents comfortable

1) The normal slot time for radio play was about? 2) This difficulty prompted? 3) Drug and drug use references are?

1) 3 minutes 2) the move of acid rock onto the FM dial and the tendency for acid groups to sell full-length albums instead of singles 3) common in the music

1) What organizations were involved in the payola scandal? 2) What was the scandal's immediate effect? 3) Ultimately, how did the scandal influence the rock and roll genre?

1) ASCAP, FCC, and BMI 2) -DJs were fired and their reputations were ruined -major labels took over the music market again 3) undermined rock and roll's credibility for a number of years

1) Early blues was recorded and marketed to? 2) The recordings were called? 3) The term was changed to?

1) African Americans, though a few whites bought the albums too 2) 'race records' by the music industry from the 1920s to the 1940s 3) 'rhythm and blues' in 1949

1) I Love the Dead is by? **follow listening guide** 2) Vince Furnier's stage persona, Alice, and his stage show is a form of? 3) The song is dark and?

1) Alice Cooper 2) rock theatre and represents the darker aspect of glam rock 3) gothic: themes of necrophilia and murder dominate the lyrics and are supported by the demented clown makeup worn by Furnier, the guillotine, and the parts of female manikins scattered about

1) Allen Ginsberg wrote the poems? 2) Jack Kerouac wrote the book? 3) Both of these inspired?

1) America and Howl 2) On the Road 3) the hippies

1) A particular craze for named dances started with? 2) The song The Twist, originally on the 'B' side of a single by Hank Ballard and the Midnighters, was covered by? 3) The song did very well on?

1) American Bandstand's promotion of 'The Twist', a non-contact dance that could be performed with any combination of people 2) Chubby Checker and then promoted on American Bandstand 3) the charts, prompting labels to put out more songs with named dances)

1) Markets clamour for British blues-based rock, a style that had been inspired originally by? 2) Little of the turbulent events in the 1960s is? 3) This will change in the?

1) American blues, especially Chicago electric blues 2) reflected in this music; it seems almost escapist in this respect 3) late 1960s

1) Whipping Post by the Allman Brothers Band is an example of? **follow listening guide** 2) There is irregular? 3) The use of changing meters is an element drawn from?

1) American southern blues-rock 2) meter: sections of 11/8 and 12/8 alternating 3) art music or from jazz

1) The result of Boone remaining in his chest voice in Tutti Frutti, while Richard slips into his falsetto, is? 2) Richard's vocal timbre is? 3) The use of dialect is more obvious in?

1) Boone sounds rather happy and earnest, while Richard sounds very excited and only barely in control of his emotions 2) rough and raw, similar to the blues, while Boone's voice is more round and full, similar to Tin Pan Alley pop 3) Richard's version than in Boone's, though they both tend to drop their 'g' on words ending on '-ing'

1) Satisfaction by the Rolling Stones is an example of? 2) Three possibilities are suggested by the lyrics, all of which would have resonated with teenagers and possibly shocked their parents: 3) What is a riff/lick?

1) British blues-based rock 2) -a young man who is dissatisfied with his current lot in life -a young man who cannot find a sexual partner -a young man who has found masturbation unsatisfactory 3) -a short and distinctive melodic figure -not a complete melody, but it may be employed as part of a melody, either vocally or instrumentally -a riff/lick may also be used anywhere in the accompaniment, often as part of a repeated pattern, but not necessarily -the guitar riff/lick from the beginning of the Rolling Stone's (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction is a famous example -riff and lick are synonymous

1) "Evil" is an example of? 2) The call and response is between? 3) In the first instrumental verses, the roles are?

1) Chicago electric blues 2) Howlin' Wolf and the instruments 3) reversed: the singer gives short responses to the instruments

1) Identify the musical elements of folk-revival and distinguish them aurally as they operate in a song 2) Discuss how the Brill Building style of music production affected the music industry. 3) Discuss the role of the record producer in late-1950s and early-1960s popular music.

1) Draw attention to lyrics: -Fall out of time with rhythm -Rough timbre Make audience uncomfortable: -Unfinished notes at the end of the song -Harsh, politically charged lyrics 2)-the Brill Building approach--which extended to many other publishers- was a way that professionals in the music business established more control after rock and roll's first wave -in the Brill Building practice, there were no unpredictable or rebellious singers, and none of the songs had lyrics that might offend middle-class sensibilities -Brill Building songs were written to order by professionals who could customize music and lyrics for the targeted teen audience -the Brill Building approach was a return to typical business practices before rock and roll: it returned power to the publishers and made the performing artists more peripheral to the music's production -the public however focused on these performers, with teen idols and girl groups becoming the principal means of delivering Brill Building tunes to the pop audience 3) -replacing the mostly organizational role of the label's A&R man, the producer became a specialist in charge of shaping the sound of a record, from the details of arranging to fine points in the recording process, such as microphone placement or equalization -in some cases, the record became the result of the producer's vision rather than that of the artist or songwriter -in most cases, the producer, not the performing artists, was responsible to the record company for how a record turned out -as the role of the producer in pop developed, there was parallel growth in the ambition with which song ideas were executed -producers increasingly experimented with ways to make their records more musically sophisticated, some establishing a trademark 'sound' that distinguished their records -drawing from classical music and musical theatre, as well as sounds available only in the recording studio, early 60s teen pop records initiated an important shift away from the idea that a record should represent a recorded version of a live performance (as it had been until then) to the concept of a record as a kind of performance in its own right -this increased focus on the recording studio and the sounds it could produce would resonate in almost all rock music that followed

1) A good example of musique concrete is a work called? 2) In Le Caine's work, the single sound of a drop of water dripping into a sink is? 3) What the Beatles did with the alarm clock is nowhere near as?

1) Dripsody from 1955 by Canadian Hugh Le Caine 2) electronically manipulated to create a whole work 3) sophisticated and is really more of a sound effect, but could be another link to the art-music world

1) Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow by the Shirelles, is produced by? 2) The song is representative of? 3) What are the vocals like in this song?

1) Gerry Goffin and Carole King 2) the 'Brill Building' sound 3) one lead singer plus backup singers

1) What was the payola scandal? 2) Why did the scandal occur? 3) Who were the major figures involved?

1) Investigations on disk jockeys playing rock and roll music because of pay (through cash, goods, or services) for play song promotion for record labels and distributors 2) so that the old guard (Tin Pan Alley and Hollywood songwriters, mainstream pop performers and their record companies) could win back their market share 3) Alan Freed and Dick Clark

1) Identify the musical elements of rock and roll and the genres from which they originate. 2) Describe the major events in Elvis Presley's rise to fame. 3) Distinguish aurally the vocal techniques of Elvis Presley in a song.

1) Little Richard was the first Rock and Roll artist to develop the 'wild man' persona. He wore a 'zoot suit', that was considered extravagant because it was flared and padded and wore mascara and eyeliner 2) -Moving from Sun Records (that he brought into national spotlight) to RCA, who pooled all of their resources into solidifying his fame -He made television and movie appearances -First time ever a major label showed interest in a Rock act -Had hits on Pop, Rhythm & Blue and Country & Western charts simultaneously (Ie: Heartbreak Hotel, considered Rock n Roll) -Marketed as a Country singer (to avoid scaring off the pop audience) -"That's Alright Mama" was a hit -After his stint in the military, in the 1960s he was rebranded as a pop artist, assuming Rock n Roll was a fad 3) -Swooping -The owner of Sun Records, Sam Phillips, created an "echo" effect in Elvis Presley's early recordings by using a technique called "tape delay." The analogue magnetic tape was run over a second head while recording in order to create the echo. The effect is a richer sound to the voice, as if it has been overdubbed by a weak copy of itself. -Emotion: vibrato (in and out of tune) -Versatile: rough & raw timbre like Blues, croon like pop, powerful falsetto like gospel

1) Baby Love is an example of? 2) The 'stomping board' sounds are created by? 3) The vibraphone is?

1) Motown pop 2) smacking 2x4s together 3) essentially a metal xylophone with the ability to sustain notes

1) What is an example of a song with a field holler? 2) There are no recordings of? 3) This song is likely influenced by?

1) Po'Lazarus by James Carter and the Prisoners 2) field hollers prior to the 1930s, so this song is only an approximation that happens to fit descriptions written in the 19th century 3) later blues, since it was performed in the second half of the 20th century

1) Explain the effect that television had on the music industry. 2) 'Image' plays an important part in the appeal of? 3) Image will affect its appeal to?

1) RCA made the jump from radio to television after WW2, thinking that sounds with pictures would be more successful than just sounds. Some radio specials became television series, like "The Lone Ranger". Television inherited the unified audience that radio and movies had created. 2) rock and roll 3) teenagers as well as its appeal (or lack of) to middle-class, white adults

1) During Little Richard's performance of Lucille on the Ed Sullivan show, there are frequent closeups of? 2) Richard's outfit was called a? 3) It features?

1) Richard's face where you can see his mascara and eyeliner 2) 'zoot suit' 3) wide-legged trousers and a long wide jacket with wide lapels and padded shoulders

1) Differentiate between rock and roll and rockabilly. 2) Distinguish aurally the musical elements of rockabilly.

1) Rockability: -More country-western influence and less rhythm and blues influence. -Faster tempo (speed) -Light-hearted in character. -Rural dialect. -Lighter beat -No drums -Call-and-response patterns (singer and guitar do not interact) are less frequent as is the 12-bar blues pattern 2) -No drums -Slapback Echo (warm reverberations) -Guitar -Acoustic Bass -Electric Guitar -Swooping Vocals

1) Give an example of a song with a do-op progression 2) It is the bass guitar's job to? 3) What is a full reprise?

1) Sh-boom (repeating progression under each 4-bar phrase) 2) outline the harmony 3) -in an AABA form, playing once through the AABA structure often does not create a song that is long enough -when the entire AABA structure is repeated, this is called a 'full reprise' -some songs may use more than one repeat of the entire AABA structure

1) The Way You Do the Things You Do, by the Temptations, is produced by? 2) This song is? 3) Is there a sax in this song?

1) Smokey Robinson 2) Motown pop 3) yes

1) What is an example of a song that uses contrasting-verse chorus form? 2) What are the instruments in "Smoke on the water" by Deep Purple, and what is each one's role in the ensemble? 3) What are the various roles of drums and percussion in music?

1) That'll be the day 2) -electric guitar: plays blues-inflected riff, distorted tone by overdriving of the amplifier, becomes more sustained, fleshes out harmonic dimension by playing full chords -drums: establishes a solid foundation for the group that focuses on melody -high-hat: primarily played when vocals enter -snare drum: primarily played when vocals enter, emphasized on faster notes -organ: distorted like the guitar, takes the 'rhythm guitar' role, playing the chords off the drums and bass, becomes more sustained, fleshes out harmonic dimension by playing full chords -bass guitar: becomes more sustained, moves in faster notes during solo, locks in with drummer rhythmically, and provides important bass notes to the chord progression -bass drum: primarily played when vocals enter, marks beginning and end of vocal phrases -cymbal: marks beginning and end of vocal phrases 3) -to establish a solid foundation for singers, instrumental soloists, and other members of the group that focus on melody -the drummer has to establish not only the tempo and meter but also the 'feel' of each song -high-hat/ride cymbal is often used for the fastest notes, played in a regular stream -bass and snare drums are generally played at slower intervals -drummer also play 'drum fills' to help lead the music from section to section

1) Using pre-recorded material and manipulating it through splicing the tape was a technique also heard in? 2) The technique creates sounds that cannot? 3) A Day in the Life by the Beatles is an example of?

1) Tomorrow Never Knows by the Beatles 2) be reproduced live, moving a group's endeavours away from touring and into the studio 3) psychedelic pop

1) In "I'm sitting on top of the world" what effect is there at the instrumental bridge at 0:59? 2) BMI stands for? 3) Unlike ASCAP, which represented?

1) a 'chipmunk' effect; early example of sound engineering 2) Broadcast Music Incorporated and was formed in 1939 for the purpose of licensing the performing rights to the music of its members 3) the mainstream Tin Pan Alley music, BMI represented the more regional styles, which included blues, rhythm and blues, gospel, and country/western music among others

1) Today, while still understood as a sexual metaphor, the song "Rock Around the Clock" by Bill Haley and His Comets is considered by most as? 2) Why? 3) What is simple verse form?

1) a bit of harmless nostalgia and not remotely racy 2) in short, because the web of elements that make up a song's historical context has shifted its alignment over the decades since the song's release 3) -A simple verse form consists of a series of verses, all of which use the same underlying music -a simple verse contains no chorus or bridge sections, though the verses may contain a refrain

1) The term 'purple haze' was slang at the time for both? 2) In Purple Haze, the recurrence of the introduction after an instrumental bridge that essentially restarts the song will be? 3) The studio experiments and the psychedelic effects of the late 1960s, often inspired by trends in the art-music (i.e. 'classical music') world, brought a host of?

1) a brand of LSD (legal in the US until 1966) and a type of marijuana; Hendrix used both drugs during the 1960s 2) much imitated in later rock 3) new sound to popular music

1) Po'Lazarus was sung in 1959 by? 2) In this song, there is a call and response between? 3) The dialect in this song is so thick that it is often hard to?

1) a chain gang in Mississippi while the prisoners chopped wood 2) James Carter and the other prisoners and the AAB pattern 3) understand the words

1) In You Really Got Me by the Kinks, there is? 2) The decade of the 1960s was a? 3) The music of the British Invasion, certainly influenced by 1950s American rock and roll and 1960s American hippie culture, reflected?

1) a distorted guitar sound: this is the norm in psychedelic rock 2) turbulent era for North America 3) little of the times until late in the decade, although, the resurgence of the blues could perhaps be understood as an echo of the rising civil rights movement

1) Like the rough timbre, Little Richard's vocal technique of using a falsetto creates? 2) The pictures of Pat Boone on Youtube videos are from? 3) While Richard slips occasionally into his falsetto (most often in the second chorus), Boone remains?

1) a greater emotional effect 2) album covers and posters released in the 1950s 3) In his chest voice throughout

1) The virtuoso musician was almost always? 2) The virtuoso performer has been a feature of? 3) Good Vibrations by the Beach Boys was produced by?

1) a guitarist and almost always male 2) classical music for hundreds of years, and the rise of virtuoso in rock may also have been an influence of jazz, another genre that prized technical and expressive excellence in its performers 3) Brian Wilson

1) There were a number of African Americans who viewed the white blues bands with? 2) The British Invasion disrupted the Brill Building's dominance of the pop music industry and began a number of trends: 3) Identify early influences on the Beatles

1) a hostile eye as another example of whites profiting from the work of blacks 2) -the rise of the singer/songwriter -the acceptance of electronic experimentation and the use of electronic effects in popular music, once the realm of only art-music ('classical-music') composers -the re-popularization of blues in North America 3) Most of their admiration went to the rock'n'roll legend Elvis Presley. Another rock'n'roll legend that inspired and influenced the Beatles was Chuck Berry. The Beatles covered songs from both of these musicians at the beginning of their career, like Chuck's "Rock And Roll Music", Elvis's "That's All Right, Mama" etc.

1) The stock market crash of 1973-1974, high unemployment and high inflation, earlier attempts by the Nixon government to control wages and prices, as well as the movement away from the gold standard for most western currencies, resulted in? 2) The US was already reeling from? 3) The embargo was laid in response to?

1) a recession in the United States that lasted from 1973-1975 2) the oil crisis of 1973: an embargo on oil shipments to the US by the Arab members of OPEC 3) the US re-supplying Israel's military during the Yom Kippur War that same year

1) A melisma is usually sung to? 2) In, In the Midnight Hour, there is a short melisma at? 3) Melismas are common elements of?

1) a vocalization like 'ah' or 'oh' 2) 2:19 on the word 'oh' 3) improvisation in gospel music and also in southern soul

1) What are the lyrics about in Will You Still Love me Tomorrow? 2) Rock and roll songs about sex were not? 3) The predicament of the woman in the song would have resonated well with?

1) a young woman considering having sex with her boyfriend 2) new, but such songs were almost never from the female point of view 3) many teenagers

1) In Roundabout there is virtuosic playing by? 2) The lyrics are poetic and? 3) The lyrics are somewhat?

1) all members: this is inspired by art music, given the classical training of the members 2) allegorical: they describe a journey or a quest 3) escapist: they describe an 'elsewhere and elsewhen' destination, not the here and now

1) In Tomorrow Never Knows, the drone sound is played by? 2) The tape loops were made up of? 3) The tapes were then attached?

1) an Indian instrument, the tambura 2) a melange of recorded sounds including a sea gull, a variety of synthesized sounds, and a guitar solo that had been cut up, spliced back together, and then reversed 3) end to end so that they would play in a continuous loop

1) The vocals in A Day in the Life begin with? 2) At 2:49, the vocals have? 3) At 1:41 and again at 3:46 there is a huge?

1) an echo added 2) heavy reverb added, perhaps to signify the 'dream', fallen into by the singer 3) orchestral crescendo (a 'crescendo' is a musical term that means 'to rise in volume')

1) In the introduction of Be My Baby, you hear? 2) The effect is to create? 3) The 'wall of sound' enters at about?

1) an effect called 'reverberation' or just 'reverb' on the drum 2) the illusion of space around the sound source 3) 0:05 with a pulsing rhythm

1) The Black Panther Party, formed in 1966, demanded? 2) The party eventually? 3) They also called for?

1) an end to police brutality against all people of colour 2) expanded its demands to a 10-point program that included socialist elements such as guaranteed employment, a minimum income, and national health care 3) an end to the Vietnam War as well as all other foreign wars

1) Most songs we listen to have either? 2) The song Tomorrow Never Knows has no? 3) The music celebrates?

1) an explicit narrative structure in the lyrics: beginning, middle (which includes the climax), and an ending or denouement, or if the lyrics don't have a narrative, then the music forms a narrative when the bridge forms the climax of the work 2) climax and no sense of proceeding narrative: it is trance-like, goal-less 3) process, not goals: it is very Buddhist in this respect

1) In Sunshine of Your Love by Cream, Eric Clapton performs? 2) The solo is technically challenging for? 3) Clapton adds two electronic effects to his guitar:

1) an improvisatory guitar solo at 2:00, similar to the 'rave-ups' performed by the Yardbirds 2) the soloist, a characteristic similar to traditional classical music as well as jazz 3) distortion and wah-wah

1) The 12-string guitar's low strings used in Mr. Tambourine Man are tuned? 2) The effect is? 3) The courses cannot ever be exactly?

1) an octave apart and the high strings are tuned in unison 2) pleasantly jangly, shimmering sound 3) in tune, so the paired strings also create a chorus sound, as if two guitars are playing at the same time

1) The sound of an electro theremin is similar to? 2) Good Vibrations was created by? 3) Using pre-recorded material and manipulating it through splicing the tape was a technique in use by?

1) another electronic instrument, the theremin, but the control of pitch and volume is very different 2) splicing together different tapes of recorded material 3) avant-garde art-music composers since the 1950s

1) Which beats are the strongest and weakest in Rocket 88? 2) What can you count the beats with? 3) When can you hear the meter most clearly?

1) beat one is the strongest, beat three is the second strongest, and beats two and four are weak 2) the bass on the recording (ONE two Three four) 3) by counting along with the saxophones from 00:50

1) America has elected its first? 2) Other than the Holocaust, these events had not yet? 3) Racism remains a?

1) black President 2) occurred to inform the views of people in the 1950s 3) significant problem in North America, but the views of mainstream society have changed, as has its membership, which is more racially diverse than it was in the 50s

1) Sexual promiscuity was one of the? 2) Little Richard's text reinforces? 3) Boone changed the text precisely to?

1) black stereotypes held by middle-class whites 2) the stereotype, while Boone's text instead tells a story of romantic, monogamous love 3) avoid the stereotype and make the song's narrative acceptable to the middle-class sensibility

1) When millions of African Americans migrated north, what went with them? 2) In urban clubs, blues enjoyed popularity among? 3) Musicians would get together and form?

1) blues 2) both white and black audiences and changed to suit its new environment 3) small ensembles ('combos') for stage performances

1) Improvisation is a huge part of? 2) When a line of text repeats, the artist will usually? 3) Improvised instrumental solos are very?

1) blues 2) embellish that line by adding some new notes or effects to the vocal melody, changing the words slightly, or adding to the instrumental part, all on the fly 3) common and showcase the creativity of the performer

1) A rough vocal timbre and frequent moves into a falsetto are both features of? 2) The B section of Whole Lotta Love is very? 3) The sounds were manipulated in?

1) blues 2) psychedelic: Plant's wails move from one speaker to the other, exploring stereophonic sound and a theremin 3) studio to create a rather unearthly effect

1) A call and response pattern between the lead and backup singers is a common feature of both? 2) There are nonsense syllables sung by? 3) What is Big Joe Turner's timbre like?

1) blues and African-American gospel 2) the backup singers: this is a common feature of doo-wop and one that is often imitated in later music genres 3) much smoother than either Robert Johnson or Howlin' Wolf

1) Little Richard's timbre is more reminiscent of? 2) He sounds more? 3) Richard frequently slips into his?

1) blues and owes nothing to mainstream Tin Pan Alley 2) wildly emotional and excited 3) falsetto voice: you can hear this most clearly at the end of the word 'Lucille'

1) Call and response can be found in? 2) In the first verse of There Goes My Baby, the call and response moves to? 3) At 0:59, the cellos (low stringed instruments that look like five-foot high violins) and the tympani (big copper drums) accompany?

1) blues, doo-wop, and rhythm and blues 2) the lead vocals and high strings 3) the singer

1) In Papa's Got a Brand New Bag, Brown combines elements from? 2) From STAX, he borrows: 3) From Motown he borrows?

1) both Motown and STAX in this recording 2) -the rough, impassioned, vocal timbre -the delayed back beat -the lack of backup singers -the Memphis horns 3) the high degree of polish on live performances, which translates to: -precision in the instrumental parts, especially those laying down the groove -choreographed dance steps

1) In the coda of Whole Lotta Love there is a vocal? 2) 'Cadenza' is a term from? 3) The instruments then rejoin?

1) cadenza 2) classical music; it is an unaccompanied, usually improvised solo by an instrument (in this case the voice) within a larger orchestral (in this case rock) work 3) Plant and he improvises to the end

1) In the second instrumental verse of "Evil", the harmonica and the piano do what? 2) The chord progression under each verse is? 3) In the first line of each verse, the chords sound?

1) call and respond with each other 2) the 12-bar blues 3) the same

1) In The Way You Do the Things You Do, there is an 'ooo' in the backup vocals as well as? 2) There are improvisatory vocals in? 3) A coda is?

1) call and response throughout: these are gospel via doo-wop and blues influences 2) the coda 3) a short epilogue tacked onto the song

1) In "Can the Circle Be Unbroken", the autoharp is strumming the? 2) The guitar and autoharp were popular choices in? 3) "Blue Yodel (T is for Texas)" by Jimmie Rodgers is an example of?

1) chords 2) early country music 3) yodelling

1) King had been a? 2) In 1963, he participated in? 3) In the late 60s, he also began to speak out against?

1) civil rights social activist and a strong proponent of non-violent protest through the 1950s and 1960s 2) a march to the Lincoln Memorial and gave a speech titled I Have a Dream, calling for racial equality 3) poverty and the war in Vietnam

1) Ravel was more a traditional? 2) The drug references in the song White Rabbit include? 3) There is a bit of distortion on the?

1) classical-music composer from the early twentieth century 2) the title, 'white rabbit' which was a euphemism for psychedelic drugs; 'chasing rabbits', eating mushrooms, and the phrase 'feed your head' all refer to taking drugs 3) lead guitar and it wanders somewhat aimlessly around the vocals

1) In You've Got a Friend, King has a lovely but? 2) The lyrics are? 3) These elements all come from?

1) clearly untrained voice that again supports the personal, non-commercial sense we get from the song 2) thoughtful and personal and describe emotional states that resonate universally: loneliness and sadness 3) the folk music revival

1) What is the form of A Day in the Life? 2) A 'compound' form is? 3) The use of compound forms is very common in?

1) compound ABA form 2) a form within form; i.e. each section A, B, and A is subdivided by a smaller form 3) 'classical' or art music

1) The working-class dialect used in 'Hey Good Lookin' is used deliberately to? 2) The timbre of Hank Williams' voice is? 3) Early blues was found most often in?

1) connect with the perceived audience of the music and to support the singer's image of hard-working sincerity 2) thin and nasally 3) rural southern United States

1) During the brief spat between ASCAP and national radio networks, radio networks needed? 2) The national audience was briefly? 3) When Tin Pan Alley music returned to the air, the regional styles were not?

1) content for the airwaves and turned to the more marginal genres represented by BMI 2) exposed to genres it had not heard before 3) completely banished back to the margins: BMI content, especially country/western, continued to reach the mainstream audience

1) This Land is Your Land celebrates? 2) Guthrie wrote several more verses that dealt explicitly with? 3) Blowin' in the Wind by Bob Dylan was part of the?

1) democracy and equality, though it is not obvious in the recording 2) these issues, but they were not usually recorded 3) second folk revival of the 60s

1) The quality of the echo from RCA vs Sun Records is very? 2) Presley used a number of? 3) He could sing with a variety of?

1) different and clearly audible between Presley's Sun and RCA recordings 2) vocal techniques to create emotion in the words he sang 3) different timbres: he could sing with the rough and raw sound of a blues singer, he could croon like a pop singer, and he could perform the powerful shouts and falsetto leaps of a gospel singer

1) Like Blowin' in the Wind, Dylan's technique of singing out of time with his accompaniment is intended to? 2) Folk rock, like the earlier acoustic folk, is primarily? 3) The accompaniment, when Dylan is singing Positively 4th Street, remains very?

1) disrupt the trance created by the meter and encourage the listener to pay attention to the lyrics 2) a vocal genre 3) simple: another traditional technique for allowing the vocals to stand in the spotlight

1) In 1954, Tin Pan Alley was still the? 2) Identify and describe the major components of the music industry prior to 1955 and its broader historical and cultural context. 3) Discuss the development of a national audience in the United States.

1) dominant musical force on the mainstream airwaves 2) - Marginalization of music known to appeal to lower-income white and black people on mainstream, national radio as a result of racism - Parts of the United States were still racially segregated as African Americans were downgraded to second-class citizens 3) - Newly developed radio and television technologies made a huge impact on distributing performances. - The business of music publishing determined how songs were sold.

1) During the embargo, oil more than? 2) The energy crisis continued, however, into the? 3) The period was not an?

1) doubled in price until the embargo was lifted the following year 2) early 1980s, the price of oil finally peaking at about six times the price of 1970 3) optimistic one

1) Sainte-Marie enunciates? 2) Sainte-Marie's vocal timbre is? 3) The end of the Universal Soldier sounds?

1) each word very clearly 2) bright, a bit strident, but also clear and strong: she is easy to hear and hard to ignore 3) incomplete, as if there should be another chord or note to finish it off

1) The final bars of the introduction in the guitar of Roundabout are directly inspired by? 2) The compound form (a form within a form) is inspired by? 3) Two electronic keyboards are used in this work:

1) early 18th century art music 2) art music, as is the irregular (changing meter) 3) -the mellotron organ, an electric organ and basic synthesizer, and the Minimoog, a more complex synthesizer

1) There is hand clapping from what groups? 2) In Baby Love, the call and response and 'oh' in background vocals come from? 3) Diana Ross has a?

1) early Brill Building girl groups 2) gospel via doo-wop and blues 3) soft, light vocal timbre, and is the lead vocalist: it is very much a Brill Building sound

1) 'Can the Circle Be Unbroken' is an example of? 2) What is the vocal timbre of the singers like in this song? 3) This timbre is common to?

1) early country or hillbilly music 2) it is a bit thin and nasal 3) early country or hillbilly music

1) Which is more sincere, early country/hillbilly music or Tin Pan Alley? 2) Who sounds more emotional, Chicago electric blues, or Tin Pan Alley artists? 3) The three genres of Tin Pan Alley, Rhythm and blues, and country and western did not exist in?

1) early country/hillbilly music 2) Chicago electric blues 3) isolation

1) Like Clapton, in Purple Haze, Hendrix adds? 2) In this case, the effects tend to? 3) This song does seem to recreate?

1) effects to his guitar, including distortion and wah-wah 2) reinforce the sense of disorientation and confusion mentioned in the lyrics 3) a drug trip, however, Hendrix claimed it was about a dream of getting lost while walking under water

1) The second-wave folk revivalists move to? 2) The television industry seeks to cash in on the Beatles popularity with? 3) The group's music, created as a window dressing for the television show, became?

1) electric instruments, to the chagrin of more traditionally-minded folkies 2) a program built on what started as a fictional group modelled on the fab four: the Monkees 3) popular in its own right

1) Whole Lotta Love contains? 2) The form is? 3) Like the psychedelic rock and pop of the previous decade, 1970s rock continues to use?

1) elements of both psychedelic rock/pop and blues, but also of classical music 2) compound (a form within a form): a common feature of classical music 3) riffs throughout

1) Heartbreak Hotel bursts with? 2) There is an echo effect around? 3) It sounds much more?

1) emotion, helped along by the drama of the syncopated instrumental shots, Presley's abrupt changes in both timbre and volume, his breathy vocal catches and gasps, his use of vibrato, the rapid swelling and diminishing of volume on most words in the last line (most obvious on the words 'lonely' and 'baby'), and his scooping and sliding between notes 2) Presley's voice 3) obvious and less rich than on his Sun recording (for That's All Right (Mama))

1) In I love the Dead, Alice is? 2) Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars is by? **follow listening guide** 3) Bowie's persona, Ziggy Stardust, represents?

1) executed as he is at the end of every concert: a refusal to release the audience from darkness until they leave the auditorium 2) David Bowie 3) a cultural 'other': someone who is everything that the mainstream is not

1) As rhythm and blues and country-western merge into rock and roll, the verbal and musical regional dialects? 2) The independent labels capitalize on? 3) The major labels realize that?

1) fade, though enough remains to make the music seem less formal than Tin Pan Alley pop 2) various elements that paved the way for rock and roll and begin to get attention from the major labels 3) rock and roll is a good investment and begin the attempt to regain control of the music industry

1) Mr. Tambourine Man by the Byrds is a mature example of? 2) The significance of this recording is? 3) The traditional guitar has?

1) folk rock and is a cover of Dylan song 2) the introduction of the electric 12-string guitar to the folk-rock sound 3) 6 strings; the additional 6 strings run close beside each of the original strings and are arranged in pairs or 'courses'

1) In Sunshine of Your Love, the guitarist controls the effects of distortion and wah-wah through? 2) Pedals made by different companies will? 3) The purpose of the effects is less to recreate an acid trip and more to?

1) foot pedals 2) have slightly different sounds 3) make the guitar's timbre raw and gritty, as becomes blues

1) The Dark Star has no? 2) It is essentially a loose structure for? 3) White Rabbit by the Jefferson Airplane is an example of?

1) goal, no climax: it reflects the process of working out a variety of musical ideas 2) an extended, improvisatory jam session 3) acid rock

1) For Take it Easy, the name of the band appeals directly to? 2) The name suggests? 3) The implied identity of the singer is that of?

1) grass-roots patriots 2) an all-American identity for the band members 3) a truck driver, or at least someone who drives around the country a great deal

1) In "I'm sitting on Top of the World", there are overdubbed? 2) There is what type of form? 3) What is Mary Ford's vocal timbre like?

1) guitar lines 2) AABA form plus Coda 3) full, with a round, trained sound (like Judy Garland)

1) In Tutti Frutti, the original, the first girl, Sue, has? 2) In the cover version, the line is changed to? 3) Richard sings of Daisy as?

1) had multiple partners: "She rocks to the east, she rocks to the west..." 2) "I've been to the east, I've been to the west," suggesting that the singer has searched long and hard for his one true love 3) another conquest, but Boone sings of her as a girl who has a crush on him, but that Sue is the one for him

1) In A day In the Life, the crescendo was created by? 2) This technique of leaving the tempo (speed) up to the musicians meant that? 3) Avant-garde art-music composers had been using the element of?

1) having the various instruments of the orchestra begin on their lowest notes and then move at their own speed, by note, to their highest notes within a given number of bars, increasing the dynamic level (volume level) as they went 2) there was an element of chance in the crescendo: it was not controlled by the composer 3) chance in their composed works since the 1950s

1) The do-it-yourself mentality of the garage bands would eventually? 2) The interest in more complex production techniques would find? 3) The Motown label emerges as?

1) help inspire the punk movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s 2) further expression in the progressive rock on the 1970s 3) the primary source of black pop, successfully adapting the Brill Building method of music production

1) The style of Tin Pan Alley publishers was largely? 2) What are the main common elements in Tin Pan Alley songs? 3) What is a bridge?

1) homogenous: they discovered a successful formula and they stuck with it for decades 2) -they are usually in AABA form -the verses usually tell a brief story and the chorus comments on the story or reacts emotionally to the story -the chorus was consciously designed to be the 'hook'-the catchy bit that people remembered -most of the songs are love songs and consciously avoid the divisive issues of the day -as the publishers became more and more tied to Broadway and Hollywood, the songs more often sell fantasy, usually an impossible form of romantic love -the vocalist is often accompanied by a full band or orchestra 3) -the section in a song that provides contrast to other, more salient sections of the same song, such as the verse or the chorus -while bridge sections can be quite interesting musically, they are almost never the focal section of the song

1) When was Martin Luther King Jr assassinated? 2) The Civil Rights Act was passed in? 3) The Act marked?

1) in 1968 2) 1964 and prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity, or religion in government, in schools, and in the use of public facilities 3) the end of the Jim Crow laws still in force in some southern states

1) Although the gay libertarian movement has taken great strides in recent years, in the early 1970s, it was still? 2) Male acts of homosexuality were considered criminal offences in Britain until? 3) In America, homosexuality was considered?

1) in its infancy and homosexuality was not a part of the mainstream awareness, except as something deviant 2) 1967 3) a sociopathic condition by the American Psychiatric Association until 1973

1) Since the song Take it Easy does not explicitly define the singer's 'beliefs', it allows all listeners to? 2) The four musical influences of Take it Easy support the image of? 3) The difficult economic times might have helped to inspire?

1) insert their own and, thus, admire the singer even more 2) a patriotic American cowboy who is just sincere as heck: a very successful fusion of rock, folk, and country music 3) interest in blues-based rock

1) As the song You've Got a Friend progresses, more? 2) These elements gradually erode the? 3) The form of the song is also?

1) instruments join, King is overdubbed singing harmony with herself 2) intimacy established at the beginning, but add richness to the sound: a richness common to the Brill Building sound, with its girl-group harmonies and orchestral strings 3) old: AABA was common to Tin Pan Alley and was also a feature of many Brill Building songs

1) In I love the Dead, the timbre of Furnier's voice is? 2) The song may be a bit? 3) You can hear this most clearly at?

1) intentionally ugly: he rasps and almost screams at times 2) satirical: the underlying harmony of the chorus is the doo-wop progression common in 1950s rock and roll 3) 1:46 and 2:29

1) The introduction of You've Got a Friend is? 2) It sounds as if she is? 3) The solo piano and the use of second person singular pronouns encourage?

1) intimate: King's voice is clearly the foreground of the mix 2) sitting across from you in a small room, playing and singing only for you 3) this illusion

1) If the rhythm of Rocket 88 were straight, the subdivision of the beat would be? 2) What is a triple meter? 3) What is a compound meter?

1) into two equal parts and would be counted 1&2&3&4& 2) -when there are three beats in a bar (or measure) of music, the meter is classified as triple -triple meter is commonly notated as 3/4 if it is a simple feel, or 9/8 if it is a compound feel 3) -when we subdivide the basic beat into three equal parts, this creates a compound feel, which is notated using compound meters such as 6/8, 9/8, or most commonly, 12/8

1) When something is played rubato, the performer? 2) Rubato was a common feature of? 3) In Roundabout, there is a backwards, taped sound of?

1) irregularly speeds up and slows down for expressive purposes 2) 17th century and early 18th century music (the 'Baroque' era of music history, though the term 'rubato' did not appear until the 19th century) and in 19th century art music (the 'Romantic' era) 3) grand-piano bass notes that punctuates the guitar playing: an element of avant-garde modern art music

1) The 'other' is a useful construct because? 2) The eye make-up, the bright red mullet, and the dress-like outfit on a male singer made Ziggy seem? 3) Gender-bending for men was?

1) it draws attention to cultural norms that perhaps need challenging 2) androgynous: they bent gender norms and shocked the audience 3) risque: it smacked of homosexuality

1) Describe how Heartbreak Hotel has something for everyone 2) It is an example of? 3) In Heartbreak Hotel, what underlies most of the song?

1) it has elements of blues, country-western and Tin Pan Alley pop 2) rock and roll 3) 12-bar blues harmonic pattern

1) What are the functions of the call and response feature in Johnny B Goode? 2) Berry has trademark? 3) Little Richard had only limited success with?

1) it is a nod to the blues, and it is also meant to be 'Johnny' playing his guitar at the urging of the singer 2) double stops (playing two strings at once) 3) the mainstream audience and his 'wild man' image was likely part of the reason

1) Describe the effect of the orchestra in There Goes My Baby 2) Be My Baby by the Ronettes was produced by? 3) This is an example of?

1) it's threefold -first, it expands the sound palette of doo-wop, supporting the lyrics with a more expressive background -second, it creates an association with Tin Pan Alley pop, a genre that often had orchestral accompaniments -third, it adds a sense of 'classiness' to the sound -Westerners tend to associate the sound of the orchestra with all things 'upper class' -this phenomenon is a remnant of previous centuries of European history, when the only people who could afford to patronize orchestral music were the upper class -the association still exists today, even though most orchestral tickets are very reasonable compared to pop-concert tickets -like American Bandstand, the addition of orchestral instruments probably added to the sense that youth music was safe again 2) Phil Spector 3) girl group pop and Spector's 'wall of sound'

1) In field hollers, one person would? 2) The text of the first line would often? 3) Call and response and the AAB pattern eventually became?

1) lead off with the song and the rest of the group would respond 2) repeat, followed by a new text, resulting in an AAB pattern in each verse 3) common elements of blues music

1) Each blues note is? 2) The blues scale is somewhat? 3) It is most often played with?

1) lowered a semitone from its usual pitch (a semitone is the musical interval between mi and fa or ti and doh in a regular scale) 2) mutable 3) Only 5 notes (a 'pentatonic' scale, omitting the notes re, fa, and la), but it can also have up to 11 notes: the regular doh-re-mi scale plus the blue notes)

1) What is Little Richard's image like in Tutti Frutti? 2) Boone's image made the music less? 3) The owner of Sun Records, Sam Phillips, created an?

1) made-up, zoot-suit-wearing, flamboyant compared to the staid, conservative, somewhat country-boy image presented by Pat Boone 2) threatening and more acceptable to adult whites, increasing the marketability of rock and roll 3) 'echo' effect in Elvis Presley's early recordings by using a technique called 'tape delay'

1) Through the course of the late 1950s and into the 1960s, rock and roll becomes? 2) The second wave of folk revivalists, while commercially successful, did also inject some? 3) Producers had become more?

1) mainstream and safe, though the end of the Brill Building dominance coincided with the release of so-called 'death disks' and the disruption of the industry caused by the British invasion 2) social consciousness into the mainstream scene 3) instrumental in the creation of hit songs, while singers had become rather disposable

1) The purpose of the rhythm section in urban blues is to? 2) The same combination of instruments eventually became? 3) Urban blues adopted electric instruments during the?

1) maintain a steady, rhythmic background against which the singer or instrumental soloist will perform 2) the standard combo for rock and roll 3) 1950s

1) Rock, even more than in previous decades, becomes more and more symbolic of? 2) The technology that allows the electronic manipulation of sound becomes more? 3) The 1970s was a difficult time for?

1) male power and virility 2) compact and affordable through the 1970s, which allows more experimentation with new instruments and effects by more artists 3) most western nations

1) During the folk revival, the songs were on? 2) This Land is Your Land by Woody Guthrie was part of? 3) Guthrie accompanies?

1) many different topics, but as the first revival had done, began to grow more political over the course of the decade 2) the first folk revival of the 30s and 40s 3) himself on a guitar

1) The timbres used in different genres also carry? 2) Give some examples of different timbres and the songs associated with them 3) What is the 12-bar blues?

1) meaning within the genre 2) -for a thin, nasal vocal timbre: Cross Road Blues by Robert Johnson -for a smooth, crooning vocal timbre: White Christmas by Bing Cosby -for a harsh, heavy, clashing guitar timbre: God Save the Queen by the Sex Pistols -for a light, thin, guitar timbre: Love Me Tender by Elvis Presley 3) -the twelve-bar blues is a structure that forms the musical basis for many verses, choruses, and even bridges in rock music -it can be divided into three 4-bar phrases -the lyrics to the first phrase are frequently repeated in the second phrase, with new lyrics appearing in the third phrase, creating a kind of question/question/answer model as the words unfold -the twelve-bar blues also employs a specific arrangement of chords -in the history of rock, the twelve-bar blues is strongly associated with 1950s rock and rhythm and blues -even when this structure arises in later rock, the reference to the 1950s is often clear

1) The Black Panther Party was? 2) I Want To Hold Your Hand by The Beatles is an example of? 3) The low-register guitar chords are similar to?

1) militant and some of its members frequently clashed with police, however, the party is responsible for some positive changes: it likely influenced the integration of more blacks into city police forces; it instituted a 'Free Breakfast for School Children' program in 1969 that became so popular, the program was feeding 10,000 children a day by the end of the year 2) the early Beatles style, heavily influenced by American rock and roll pop 3) those used by Chuck Berry in Johnny B Goode

1) Splicing and looping recorded sound was a technique used at the time of Tomorrow Never Knows by? 2) The use of taped sound in music not only expanded the? 3) The inclusion of tape loops in this song should, therefore, be viewed as?

1) modernist art music (aka classical music) composers such as Karlheinz Stockhausen, Edgard Varese, and Steve Reich 2) sound palette available to the composer, but in the 1950s and 1960s, it also challenged notions of what music was and what musical instruments were 3) subversive

1) Joni Mitchell's vocal timbre is? 2) The lyrics of Both Sides Now are? 3) The Universal Soldier by Buffy Sainte-Marie was popular among?

1) much more comfortable to listen to: it is rich, warm and round 2) introspective and non-political, but their mature, questing nature would have strongly appealed to the now adult boomers 3) the folk coffee houses, but it wasn't a hit until recorded by the British folk artist Donavan

1) We now view Amos and Andy as rather? 2) Describe socioeconomic class relations 3) Describe economic divide on national radio

1) naive and unenlightened at best and ignorant and cruel at worst 2) -the development of trade and labour unions had begun in the 19th century in Europe as a by-product of the Industrial Revolution -labour movements gained strength in the US over the course of the early twentieth century -after the Russian Revolution, in 1917, when the Russian autocracy was replaced by a socialist government, the US experienced its first 'Red Scare' -many Americans were afraid that a worker's (socialist) revolution was imminent and that their way of life would be ended forever -the Scare made many Americans very suspicious of unions -they saw unions as a manifestation of socialism, where the means of production was controlled by the workers -many workers, on the other hand, were living in poverty and worked very long hours -they wanted a living wage and an 8-hour work day -the Red Scare had the effect of pitting the working class against the middle and upper classes -this minor class war (there was no revolution) was mirrored in differences between the music of the lower and middle classes -blues and country, marketed to the lower working classes, valued sincerity and earthiness -Tin Pan Alley music, marketed to the middle class, valued polish, sumptuousness, and romantic love -many music industry professionals assumed that the classes did not listen to each other's music 3) -there was marginalization of music known to appeal to lower-income white and black people on mainstream, national radio -the reason this music was often ignored by radio programmers was largely economic, though there were certainly racist motives as well -radio stations made money by selling advertising; advertisers targeted the largest audience that was most likely to purchase their products: the middle class -the same dynamic is at work in today's mainstream radio or television advertising: most advertised products are aimed at the middle class -the lower class is larger; however, it doesn't have the disposable income available to try a variety of new products

1) In Cross Road Blues, right after the vocal bridge, Johnson plays? 2) The call and response, in this case, is between? 3) In the first verse, the guitar has a ?

1) one verse instrumentally, followed by a return to the AAB pattern in the last verse 2) Johnson and his guitar 3) brief response to each of the vocal lines

1) In Positively 4th Street, there is the use of a riff in the? 2) The lyrics are a? 3) The title is often believed to refer to?

1) organ, a technique borrowed from British rock, that repeats from time to time in order to add musical interest when the vocalist is silent 2) philippic against the members of the folk community who turned against Dylan when he moved to electric instruments 3) 4th Street in New York, which runs through Manhattan's Greenwich Village, the heart of the American folk-revival scene

1) The coda is often called the? 2) The timbre of the vocals of The Way You Do the Things You Do is? 3) Nowhere to Run by Martha and the Vandellas is produced by?

1) outro, but this word is a slang neologism: the correct term is 'coda' 2) smooth and round: similar to Tin Pan Alley and Brill Building pop 3) Holland, Dozier, and Holland

1) At first there was no____ attached to the blues genre 2) It was instead characterized by? 3) Of the scale, doh-re-mi-fa-so-la-ti-doh, which are the blues notes?

1) particular chord progression 2) the use of 'blue' or 'bent' notes 3) usually mi, so, and ti

1) In a Day in the Life, the alarm clock sound is not? 2) In the 1940s, modernist composers began to? 3) The movement was called?

1) particularly surprising or interesting, except that it again echoes a modernist avant-garde technique intended to challenge the traditional sound palette of the symphony orchestra 2) record everyday sounds that were not considered musical and to incorporate them in their works 3) musique concrete

1) The timbre of Pickett's voice in In the Midnight Hour makes him sound more? 2) Pickett uses the partial last verse as an opportunity to? 3) A 'melisma' is?

1) passionate 2) improvise with his voice, adding new text and the occasional melisma 3) melody with no full words under it, just a syllable

1) Like Guthrie's song, Dylan's Blowin' in the Wind is? 2) Blowin' in the Wind by Peter, Paul, and Mary is an example of? 3) In this version, all the vocal timbres are?

1) political: it is pro-equality and anti-war 2) the more commercially successful folk of the 60s 3) round and comfortable

1) The effects in Sunshine of Your Love, along with a slew of others, become very? 2) Purple Haze by the Jimi Hendrix Experience is an example of? **follow listening guide** 3) The guitar solo is very?

1) popular in later rock 2) psychedelic blues played by a traditional electric-blues combo 3) challenging, requiring a virtuoso performer, again reminiscent of classical music and jazz

1) While rock and roll becomes widely? 2) In turn, this wave of artists inspires? 3) American Bandstand had been on the air since?

1) popular, another form of underground music, the first wave of folk revivalists, protests the racial, economic, gender, and political inequalities of American society 2) the rise of a more commercially-oriented folk music 3) 1952 without becoming particularly well known

1) Good Vibrations is an example of? 2) The electro theremin is? 3) The sine wave's volume is controlled by?

1) psychedelic pop 2) a box that produces a simple sine wave electronically 3) a knob on the box and the pitch is controlled with a slide that runs along a rod

1) The complex improvisatory solos in the organ and guitar of Evil Ways are strongly influenced by? 2) There is the prominent use of the? 3) This was?

1) psychedelic rock of the 1960s, which in turn, is influenced by classical music 2) Hammond organ 3) an electric organ with buttons or 'stops' for different sounds; it was essentially a basic synthesizer (as are all organs)

1) The plot of Rock Rock Rock was merely an excuse to? 2) Another factor that helped rock and roll succeed was? 3) These records were cheaper to?

1) put all of these acts on the screen 2) the invention of the 7-inch, 45-revolutions-per-minute (rpm) single by RCA in 1949 3) produce and not as fragile to transport as the larger, twelve-inch LP developed by Columbia Records in 1948

1) Bill Munroe plays the mandolin in what way? 2) 'Hey Good Lookin' is in what form? 3) Williams sings in what class dialect?

1) quickly and masterfully 2) AABA 3) working-class: 'lookin', 'got a', 'gonna', 'how's about'

1) When the 'Presidential Election' by Amos and Andy originally aired in the late 1920s, parts of the United States were still? 2) These laws theoretically created? 3) In the 50s, mainstream white American society was quite?

1) racially segregated and operating under the 'Jim Crow' laws enacted in the late 19th century, not long after the American Civil War 2) 'equal but separate' societies but had the effect of disenfranchising most African Americans and relegating them to the position of second-class citizens 3) racist: many whites believed it was simply common sense that blacks were inherently inferior to whites

1) In Louie Louie, the guitar solo at 1:27 is? 2) What is the vocal timbre like of the lead vocals? 3) The Last Train to Clarksville by the Monkees is an example of?

1) reasonably complex: a corollary of Eric Clapton and the Yardbirds 'rave ups' 2) rough: it is very similar to both the Stones and the Yardbirds 3) American Pop in the style of Brill Building

1) Psychedelic rock, also known as acid rock or 'head' music, was intended to? 2) To this end, the music: 3) Live concerts could be?

1) recreate the trance-like effects of an LSD or 'acid' trip 2) -was hugely amplified, so it could be felt as well as heard; the point was to engage the whole body, not just the ears -was heavily distorted, the guitars -included very long improvisatory solos or jam sessions, reflecting process over goal-directedness along with the meaninglessness of time -included elaborate light shows during live performances to engage the sense of sight 3) hours long and individual songs could last 15 minutes or more, making them unsuitable for both the recorded single and for traditional AM radio

1) In Blueberry Hill, there is a lack of? 2) The 'horns' in Blueberry Hill are actually? 3) In the chorus for Johnny B Goode, there is what kind of pattern?

1) regional dialect- something more often found in Tin Pan Alley songs 2) saxophones 3) call and response, between Berry and his guitar

1) The technique of singing slightly out of time with the accompaniment in Mr. Tambourine Man is? 2) There is the use of a guitar riff? 3) Louie Louie by the Kingsmen is an example of?

1) repeated in the vocal solo sections 2) at the beginning and throughout 3) garage-band rock

1) BMI was the first organization to? 2) During the 1940s and 1950s, BMI was largely? 3) Prior to 1940, most of the music represented by BMI would be heard only on?

1) represent rock and roll music 2) an organization of independent labels and artists, while ASCAP was an organization of major labels and artists 3) regional radio stations, not national networks

1) When urban blues picked up Tin Pan Alley, the resulting genre was what? 2) Sh-Boom by the Chords is an example of? 3) There is a call and response pattern between?

1) rhythm and blues, and it had smoother timbres and fewer improvisatory solos 2) doo-wop, a subtype of rhythm and blues 3) the lead and backup singers

1) A groove is a showcase of? 2) The groove is an important element of? 3) In Papa's Got a Brand New Bag, Pt 1, the rhythms in the groove are?

1) rhythms and timbres 2) funk and eventually rap and hip hop 3) very syncopated, a feature that grabs the listener's attention

1) In Whole Lotta Love, there is an introductory? 2) Also like psychedelic rock, distortion and a variety of other guitar effects remain? 3) There is harsh-sounding distortion on?

1) riff 2) popular and are further developed 3) the lead guitar

1) Rockabilly is? 2) The temp (speed) of the music is generally? 3) The songs tend to be?

1) rock and roll with more country-western influence and less rhythm and blues influence 2) faster than rock and roll 3) light-hearted in character

1) That's All Right (Mama) is an example of? 2) There is no? 3) Peggy Sue by Buddy Holly is an example of?

1) rockabilly 2) 12-bar blues harmonic pattern or call and response: the singer sings or the guitar solos, but the two don't react to each other 3) rockabilly

1) In almost every case, the lyrics of the girl groups of the late fifties and early sixties deal with? 2) Shirley Owen's vocal timbre in Will You Still Love me Tomorrow is? 3) It didn't happen in the Shirelle's case, but it would have been easy to?

1) romantic love or lost love, just like the lyrics of the earlier Tin Pan Alley 2) pretty, but not memorable 3) replace her or any of the others on subsequent recordings

1) What is the timbre like of Tin Pan Alley vocalists? 2) What are the acoustic instruments in the song "Can the Circle Be Unbroken"? 3) The timbre of an autoharp is a bit more?

1) round, smooth, trained sound 2) guitar and autoharp 3) 'twangy' and thin than the guitar

1) In 'tape delay', the analogue magnetic tape was? 2) The effect is? 3) When Presley moved to RCA, the producers had difficulty?

1) run over a second head while recording in order to create the echo 2) a richer sound to the voice, as if it has been overdubbed by a weak copy of itself 3) reproducing the effect

1) In rockabilly, singers will often use a? 2) The beat is usually? 3) Call and response patterns are?

1) rural dialect 2) lighter and sometimes the rhythm section has no drums 3) less frequent as is the 12-bar blues pattern

1) Through American Bandstand, rock and roll became? 2) Some acts performed? 3) The creation of a national youth dance culture is directly attributable to?

1) safe and familiar 2) live (though much of the singing was lip-synched) and others were presented in recordings 3) American Bandstand

1) The vocal style of blues is full of? 2) Vocalists will? 3) The vocal timbres are usually?

1) scoops and slides 2) scoop up or down to a note and slide between notes to increase the emotional affect of the melody 3) rough and raw, suggesting strong emotion and sincerity

1) Bessie Smith has what in her voice, and was called? 2) The song "Down-hearted Blues" has 16 bars in? 3) In this case, the AAB pattern follows?

1) scoops and slides, and these techniques add to the expressiveness of Smith's singing (called 'Empress of the Blues') 2) quadruple meter of vocal introduction followed by three verses that follow the AAB pattern 3) the same chord progression-the 12 bar blues- in each verse

1) Syncopations are very often performed on the? 2) Blues is sung in a dialect of? 3) As in country-western music, the dialect serves to?

1) second half of a beat, hitch is usually weak compared to the stronger first half of the beat 2) English common to the rural southern United States 3) identify the singer as a member of the working class, to relate to the intended audience, and to evoke emotion

1) The lyrics in the Temptations' song are? 2) This pattern is similar to? 3) The taboo against women singing about sex won't be?

1) sexually suggestive, while the Supremes lyrics speak of unprosperous love 2) white music: the male rock and roll artists sing songs about sex, the girl groups sing songs about romantic or lost love (Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow being an exception) 3) lifted from mainstream culture for another decade or so

1) The intent of I Love the Dead was to? 2) Furnier's aims are similar to? 3) There would have been effects of Frankenstein or Dracula on?

1) shock and thrill the audience, but also to take them on a trip to the darkest parts of the subconscious 2) those of the gothic revival movement that took place from the second half of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century 3) 19th century readers, and similar effects of Furnier's stage show on the hippies

1) Gender-bending in rock would continue to? 2) The Ziggy Stardust persona can also be understood as? 3) What are the two major influences on You've Got a Friend by Carole King? **follow listening guide**

1) shock in later genres like disco and heavy metal 2) an extension of the hippie culture of the 1960s: it challenges traditional gender roles and sexuality 3) the 60s folk revival and the Brill Building sound (through King's song-writing career at Aldon music)

1) Blues is usually performed in a? 2) Syncopation is used frequently in blues to? 3) A syncopation is?

1) shuffle rhythm 2) create interest 3) an unexpected strong beat or accent; for example, if a song is in a triple meter where beats 2 and 3 are normally weak, then an accent on either of those beats is a syncopation

1) In Heartbreak Hotel, the beat is in a? 2) The narrative of the song is about? 3) At the same time, there is nothing in the narrative to?

1) shuffle rhythm 2) love gone wrong: a popular theme in all three genres 3) offend adult, middle-class white sensibilities

1) In 'Cross Road Blues' by Robert Johnson, there is what kind of rhythm? 2) There is an AAB form in the? 3) In the second verse, even though the text follows the same pattern (AAB), Johnson alters?

1) shuffle, and in the guitar: it is most obvious in the first few bars, but continues throughout 2) first verse 3) the melody to maintain interest

1) Rocket 88 is played with what kind of rhythm? 2) This type of rhythm is also called? 3) When can you count along with this?

1) shuffle; the beats are divided into two, but the two parts are unequal 2) swing rhythm 3) the saxophones from 00:50

1) The rhythm section of Baby Love and The Way You Do the Things You Do sound? 2) The same studio band, the Funk Brothers, were used for? 3) Between the Temptations and the Supremes, there is a difference in?

1) similar 2) both recordings as well as many Motown hits, helping to create a more homogenous 'Motown sound' 3) sexual politics

1) In "Down-hearted Blues", both phrases labelled 'A' have? 2) Like Johnson's song, the call and response takes place between? 3) The pianists does what each time?

1) similar melody and a similar harmonic accompaniment 2) Smith and piano 3) improvises a new response

1) What is the sound like in Will You Still Love me Tomorrow? 2) The backup singers join the lead occasionally to? 3) The lyrics are?

1) similar to doo-wop, but there is no call and response 2) harmonize a line, but for the most part they sing nonsense syllables in the background 3) risque, an unusual approach for the Brill Building

1) The accompaniment in Louie Louie is very? 2) The recording is inexpertly? 3) There are also errors in?

1) simple and performed very loosely: it sounds amateurish 2) mixed: the vocals cannot be heard clearly most of the time 3) the vocals

1) In Blowin' in the Wind by Peter, Paul, and Mary, the singers don't? 2) The harmonies draw the ear to? 3) It would be easy to?

1) sing out of time unless they are singing solo (as stepping out of the meter is unwise since they are in a three-part harmony) 2) the lyrics, but the effect is much more comfortable 3) consign the song to the background of whatever you are doing, in spite of the political nature of the song

1) What are the production values in the song The Last Train to Clarksville like? 2) The performance sounds? 3) There is a guitar riff in the?

1) slick 2) professional, not amateur, which is a result of the Brill-Building style production, not the skill of the band members 3) introduction

1) A less expensive recording medium particularly favoured the? 2) They could now promote more? 3) The cheaper 45 also appealed to?

1) smaller independent labels, which had much smaller operating budgets than the major labels and usually little to no banked capital 2) singers and/or produce more records by one singer than they had been able to before 3) youth: they could sample more music for less money

1) What are four broad angles of inquiry that will recur in each chapter of the book? 2) What are the component parts of the popularity arc? 3) Identify the common pitfalls for the student of popular music

1) social political and cultural issues; issues of race class and gender; the development of the music business;the development of technology 2) -a specific style will appear within a relatively restricted geographic region and remain unknown to most fans of popular music -it then rise to mainstream pop culture, and subsequently retreats -histories of rock music account for the time each style spends in the pop limelight-the peak of the popularity arc- creating a chronology without examining a style's pre-mainstream roots or existence after the commercial boom years -it is difficult to avoid such a historical account, and similar problems arise in histories of other musical styles -think about: how did this style arise? When did it peak in popularity? Does it still exist in a subculture somewhere? How are elements of this style incorporated into current mainstream pop? 3) - Despite the acknowledge importance of rock music, determining exactly what "rock" means is not easy. - There is more popular music available to listeners than at any other time in the history of recorded music, so it's hard to study it all.

1) Presley's vocal timbre for all but the last line of each verse is? 2) The last line is? 3) A rural dialect is?

1) somewhat rough, again reminiscent of the blues 2) a softer, rounder timbre, more like pop 3) present, but not overwhelming

1) Foot pedals made by different companies will have slightly different? 2) House of the Rising Sun by the Animals is an example of? 3) The narrative of the text is similar to?

1) sounds 2) British blues-based rock 3) the 'hard times' narratives in early American blues

1) In the Midnight Hour by Wilson Pickett is an example of? 2) There are Memphis horns, representative of the? 3) There is a delayed?

1) southern soul 2) STAX sound 3) backbeat (strong beats on 2 and 4, beats that are normally weak)

1) Respect by Aretha Franklin is an example of? 2) How I Got Over by Aretha Franklin is an example of? 3) Respect was recorded at Atlantic in New York, but still has the STAX sound:

1) southern soul 2) gospel spiritual 3) -the Memphis horns -the lead vocals are very unrestrained, improvisatory, and full of melismas -the timbre is raw and powerful, sounding impassioned

1) Papa's Got a Brand New Bag, Pt.1 is an example of both? 2) The proto-funk element of this song is? 3) A groove is?

1) southern soul and proto-funk 2) its 'groove' 3) a multi-layered collection of riffs and rhythms, played by different instruments, intended to be the support structure for vocals

1) The song Nowhere to Run sounds like? 2) Sittin' on the Dock of the Bay by Otis Redding is an example of? 3) There are no?

1) southern soul, something that makes the notion that Motown sold out to white pop more problematic 2) southern soul 3) backup singers: this is typical of STAX soul

1) Instead of resting on the performer's lap, the lap steel guitar sits on a? 2) 'Kentucky Mandolin' by Bill Munroe is an example of? 3) Bluegrass usually features?

1) stand 2) bluegrass style of country music 3) virtuosic (high quality, complex, and difficult) instrumental playing

1) What are the different effects used in Josie? 2) What is the form of Josie? 3) What are the various instruments used in Josie and some of their roles?

1) stereo, reverb, echo, ambience, equalization 2) compound AABA form 3) -electric guitar: angular introduction, solo over the verse material in the return to a verse-chorus pair, two electric guitars panned right and left and play a part almost identical to the piano, which is panned centre, third guitar plays a funky-single note part, is panned right -rhythm guitars: rhythm section -electric piano: rhythm section -bass: rhythm section, centre of stereo, very dry -drums: rhythm section, produce stereo effect (snare and bass drums (very dry) in centre, high-hat panned right (also dry), tom-toms and cymbals panned both right and left) -horns: sweeten the mix, panned mid-right to keep them distinct -percussion: sweeten the mix -synthesizer strings: sweeten the mix, panned left, heavy reverb on them,

1) If you try singing any blues song in 'proper' english, you sound very? 2) One of the most influential ancestors of the blues were? 3) The songs accompanied and set the pace of?

1) stiff and emotionally distant 2) 'field hollers' sung by black labourers, usually slaves, in the southern United States during the 19th century 3) work

1) In 'Shake, Rattle, and Roll', the call and response feature is? 2) The AAB pattern is? 3) There is what kind of nature of the lyrics?

1) still present: the saxophones play short responses to the vocals 2) still present in the verses, as is the 12-bar blues chord progression 3) a sexual nature present in Turner's version of the song, but not in the version by Bill Haley and His Comets

1) Both Sides Now by Joni Mitchell was commercially? 2) Joni Mitchell is? 3) Like Guthrie and Dylan, Mitchell draws attention to?

1) successful, however, it owes more to the first revival tradition 2) Canadian, but like most Canadian artists, had to go the US in order to make a living 3) the lyrics by stepping a bit out of time with her accompaniment, now and then

1) The zoot suit, like the makeup of Little Richard, was considered a? 2) The suit took much more? 3) What is the timbre like of Richard's voice?

1) symbol of rebellion against the conservative elements of society 2) fabric to make than a regular suit and so was thought to be extravagant in the post-WWII period 3) he uses a much rougher timbre than either Berry or Domino

1) The hammond organ was a very popular sound through? 2) Roundabout by Yes is an example of? **follow listening guide** 3) The introduction is played?

1) the 1960s and 1970s 2) progressive rock: a fusion of rock with elements of western art music 3) 'rubato': 'robbed time'

1) The implied identity of the singer of the song Take it Easy resonates with? 2) This last point, however, does not carry any of? 3) The Eagles were originally from?

1) the American cowboy mythos: men who were free to roam, taking work and lovers where they could 2) the 'Stagger Lee' baggage of early rhythm and blues; instead, it seems romantic and carefree: part of the myth of the cowboy 3) Los Angeles, so did not speak with a southern accent

1) The National Voting Rights Act of 1965 strengthened? 2) The tests had been used for decades to? 3) Though segregation and discrimination were now illegal, society did not?

1) the Civil Rights Act by outlawing the use of literacy tests as a prerequisite to registering to vote 2) disenfranchise many blacks, immigrants, and poor whites 3) change overnight: the civil rights movement continued, testing the new laws and requiring their enforcement

1) The Civil Rights Movement and finally the Civil Rights Act of 1964 brought an end to? 2) Hate-crime legislation is currently? 3) The Holocaust, the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides have provided us with?

1) the Jim Crow era in the United States 2) in effect in both the US and Canada 3) stark reminders of where unchecked racism and fascism can lead; the architects of those killings have been pursued by international law

1) There is a resemblance between the Beatles and? 2) Davy Jones, the only British member of the Monkees group, was? 3) American artists enthusiastically engaged?

1) the Monkees 2) the darling of many teenage girls who watched the show, though the other members also had their followings 3) the British bands, borrowing elements from both the Beatles and the blues-based groups

1) Blues-based rock bands spring up in garages all over North America in response to? 2) Positively 4th Street by Bob Dylan is an example of? 3) Dylan often sings out of time with?

1) the Stone's rough, raw, less sophisticated sound 2) folk rock 3) his accompaniment

1) A Canadian like Joni Mitchell, Sainte-Marie spent much of her early career in? 2) The song Universal Soldier is? 3) Like Mitchell, Sainte-Marie steps out of time to?

1) the US 2) an anti-war song; it was written to protest the Vietnam War as America's involvement began to increase dramatically 3) draw attention to the lyrics

1) In Heartbreak Hotel, there is some call and response evident at? 2) These shots are also? 3) In the instrumental verse, the guitar and piano?

1) the beginning of each verse: Elvis sings 'Since my baby left me', followed by a response of shots in all the instruments 2) syncopated; they emphasize beat 4- a beat that is usually weak 3) alternate solos

1) In Sunshine of Your Love there is a lick in the guitar and the bass at? 2) The lick is immediately picked up by the vocals when? 3) The building of a musical work from a lick or riff has been common feature of classical music since?

1) the beginning: the song is built around it 2) they enter 3) the late eighteenth century, however, in classical music licks and riffs are called 'motives'

1) The southern soul artists became symbols for? 2) Some of their songs also directly expressed? 3) Some members of these movements complained of?

1) the black power movement in the late 1960s 2) the ideals and frustrations of the continuing civil rights movement: Think! by Aretha Franklin and Say it Loud, I'm Black and Proud by James Brown 3) Motown's apparent 'sell-out' to the white pop market

1) In You've Got a Friend, King's voice remains? 2) King's version of this song is a successful fusion of? 3) In Take it Easy by the Eagles, what is constructed in the song? **follow listening guide**

1) the clearest sound in the mix, so the sense of intimacy never entirely fades 2) folk and corporate pop 3) sincerity

1) In Whipping Post, the jazz-influenced ending contains? 2) Evil Ways by Santana is an example of? **follow listening guide** 3) There is a latin feel provided by?

1) the complex harmonies of jazz as well as some final improvisation in the guitars 2) American southern blues-rock 3) the percussion and the syncopated rhythms

1) In 1940, a brief spat between ASCAP and the national radio networks occurred when? 2) ASCAP demanded? 3) It took about a year for the issue to be?

1) the contract between the organizations expired 2) double its old fee in the new contract; the radio networks refused 3) resolved and in that time, no ASCAP music was heard on the air

1) The folk revival of the 1960s has links to? 2) The accompaniment, in the beginning, was played on? 3) Many of the same instruments were used...

1) the country or hillbilly music through the first folk revival of the 1930s and 1940s 2) acoustic instruments, the performer had to be sincere, and the music was very democratic: anybody could do it 3) the banjo, guitar, autoharp, harmonica, etc

1) The music that developed in the 1970s tends to reflect? 2) The 1970s is home to the? 3) Whole Lotta Love by Led Zeppelin is an example of? **follow listening guide**

1) the darker outlook or attempts to try to escape the period through fantasy 2) angriest, harshest and most bizarre and weird sounds yet encountered in the popular music landscape 3) British psychedelic blues-rock

1) The compound meter for Blueberry Hill is most easily heard in? 2) In the live performance for Blueberry Hill, describe the image portrayed by Domino 3) This image is at odds with?

1) the high-hat cymbal 2) a conservatively dressed, clean-cut, friendly romantic man done wrong by love 3) the racial stereotypes of the day and would have been more comfortable for older, white-middle class audiences

1) The choice of the book the Psychedelic experience: a Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead for the lyrics Tomorrow Never Knows reflects? 2) The use of a sitar, a stringed instrument from India, also? 3) The droning bass sound is also a common feature of?

1) the influence of the hippie culture of the 1960s, which had a fascination with many facets of eastern religions 2) reflects this influence 3) Indian and other far-eastern music

1) In White Rabbit there is a lick in the guitar in? 2) The piece is one long? 3) The use of the snare drum in White Rabbit is also a direct reference to?

1) the introduction: it is based on Spanish bolero dance rhythm 2) crescendo and echoes Maurice Ravel's Bolero 3) Ravel's work

1) The castanets from Down in Mexico start in? 2) There are also conga drums, another? 3) Who produced Down in Mexico?

1) the middle of the first verse 2) exotic sound to middle class Americans, in the bridge when the dancer enters 3) Jerry Lieber and Mike Stoller

1) In I Want to Hold Your Hand there is hand clapping on? 2) The second bridge is sung entirely in? 3) The sound would have recalled?

1) the off beats- a feature that had been common to Brill Building girl groups 2) 2-part harmony 3) the Everly Brothers to American audiences

1) Amos and Andy is an audio version of? 2) Today, much of the humour is? 3) This is another instance of?

1) the old staged black-face shows popular in the United States in the late 19th century; white people pretending to be black people and making comedic use of racial and class stereotypes 2) offensive, but when the show aired, it was largely acceptable 3) our perception of a work changing according to historical context, just as it did with Rock Around the Clock

1) Each genre (mainstream pop, rhythm and blues, country and western) borrowed from? 2) Blues and country shared a? 3) Tin Pan Alley had borrowed the?

1) the others to a certain extent 2) similar vocal timbre, and the use of shuffle rhythm, influences from gospel, and the use of rural dialect 3) syncopation of blues and jazz during the big band era and during the television era, the cowboy image of western music

1) What is instrumentation? 2) What is a beat? 3) What is a simple meter?

1) the particular instruments used in a piece of music 2) -a regular rhythmic pulse in music -beats are organized into 'measures' or 'bars' to create 'meter' 3) When we subdivide the basic beat into two equal parts, we create a simple feel, which is notated using simple meters such as 2/4, 3/4, or most commonly, 4/4.

1) The hard sounds of British and American blues rock reflected? 2) Progressive rock and glam rock tended to avoid direct engagement with? 3) The former recalled?

1) the period's hardships 2) current troubles 3) earlier periods in western history through its use of western art music, while the latter allowed an escape to the darker halls of the subconscious or gave us windows to worlds other than our own

1) Adults in the 50s had been raised by families for whom? 2) In such a climate, it is easy to see why the Amos and Andy show was? 3) Our own historical context provides?

1) the realities of slavery and the Civil War remained at the edge of living memory 2) funny to its mainly white, mainly middle-class audience 3) a very different view of Amos and Andy

1) In 'Evil', Howlin' Wolf alters? 2) The instrumental solos have? 3) By the late 1940s, the urban blues had picked up?

1) the refrain each time to keep it interesting for the listener and to create emotional affect 2) uneven phrases and make sudden changes in speed 3) some elements of mainstream pop (Tin Pan Alley)

1) Southern soul, a strongly African-American gospel, rhythm and blues inspired music centred mainly at the STAX and Atlantic labels, provides? 2) Motown is widely criticized by blacks for? 3) Baby Love by the Supremes, is produced by?

1) the rough, raw, more emotional counterpart to the Motown sound 2) selling out to the largely white, American pop audience sensibilities 3) Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Edward Holland Jr

1) Like Motown, STAX tended to use? 2) In Sittin' on the Dock of the Bay, Redding's vocal timbre is? 3) Redding liked adding?

1) the same studio band, Booker T and the MGs, which helped the label create a distinctive sound across many recordings 2) a blend of smooth and rough: you can only hear the rough spots at the edges of words 3) 3-4 horns to his songs

1) In Cross Road Blues, improvisatory embellishment is most clearly heard in? 2) There is a glass slide on the? 3) There are what throughout the song?

1) the second verse 2) guitar 3) syncopations

1) Presley used vibrato, a technique where? 2) He would often scoop? 3) He would add catches to his?

1) the singer makes a held note vibrate a bit in and out of tune 2) up or down into a note 3) voice as well as other non-specific vocalizations, all to make his songs as emotionally charged as possible

1) One change with the folk revival of the 1960s compared to the 30s and 40s is that? 2) There tended not to be a? 3) The focus was firmly on?

1) the singers were now urbanites 2) particular regional dialect associated with the genre, nor was there usually a band or combo to accompany the singer 3) the lyrics: to this end, the accompaniments were often simple

1) Redding used horns so often that? 2) The horns normally start in? 3) In Sittin' on the Dock of the Bay, the horns enter in unison at?

1) the sound became known as the 'Memphis horns' 2) unison, and then break into harmony later in the song 3) 0:47 and switch to harmony at 0:57

1) Nothing in the lyrics of Tom Dooley challenges? 2) There is a three-part? 3) Like Peter, Paul, and Mary, the Kingston Trio use much?

1) the status quo 2) harmony, as well as simple accompaniment 3) smoother, rounder vocal timbres

1) What is There Goes My Baby representative of? 2) There are doo-wop sounds at? 3) Call and response was originally a?

1) the sweet soul style: a blend of doo-wop and classical music 2) the beginning: nonsense syllables and call and response 3) feature of African-American gospel singing

1) All art, including music reflects? 2) A song's meaning can also change over? 3) In the extremely conservative 1950s, the sexually-suggestive lyrics of Rock Around the Clock by Bill Haley and His Comets were considered?

1) the time in which it was created, so we need to understand a song's historical context in order to fully understand the song 2) time, as the historical context surrounding it changes 3) rather scandalous

1) The 12-bar blues pattern underlies? 2) Though men still dominated the? 3) Bessie Smith was a famous early performer of?

1) the traditional AAB blues verse form 2) blues scene, several women, like Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Big Mama Thornton, became well-known blues singers 3) the urban blues

1) The effect of changing meters is to defy? 2) In Whipping Post, the extended improvised guitar solos reflect? 3) The rough vocal timbre comes from?

1) the usual trancelike effect of a regular meter and surprise the listener with a bit of a rhythmic jolt 2) the influence of psychedelic music and also jazz 3) blues

1) In White Rabbit there is heavy reverb on?**start here** 2) Both are intended to? 3) Sunshine of Your Love by Cream is an example of?**follow listening guide**

1) the vocals 2) recreate the distortion of reality that takes place during a 'trip' 3) psychedelic blues; there are no unusual instruments here: this is a traditional electric-blues combo

1) The practice of a falsetto voice in blues to add improvised vocal ornaments is similar to? 2) From about 1910 to 1940, more than 1.5 million African Americans migrated? 3) Many blacks settled in large urban centres like?

1) the yodelling of the country-western tradition 2) north in the hopes of better wages and working conditions than they were able to receive in the south 3) Memphis, Chicago, and Detroit

1) The lyrics of House of the Rising Sun are? 2) You Really Got Me by the Kinks is? 3) There is a riff that?

1) thoughtful and layered with meaning: similar to the lyrics of the 60s folk revival 2) British rock, but is not based on blues 3) introduces the song and recurs throughout

1) The guitar riff in The Last Train to Clarksville repeats? 2) The guitar has an effect added to it called? 3) The music was originally meant only as?

1) throughout 2) 'wah-wah' 3) a spice for the television show, but in some respects, the show ended up supporting the music

1) The short-lived hippie culture's raison d'être in the 1960s was? 2) The hippies began to change? 3) Artists showed an interest in?

1) to challenge the tenets of mainstream society through 1950s beat literature, Eastern spirituality, and experimentation with drugs 2) the basic unit of recorded music from the song to the album and they came to prize the singer-songwriter, artistic approach to music over the Brill Building production-line model 3) blending elements of classical music, especially the modernist avant-garde techniques, with pop and rock music

1) Why did Sainte-Marie make the ending of the Universal Soldier sound incomplete on purpose? 2) She is saying sonically as well as literally that? 3) Describe the specific sounds that help set the 'scene' in Down in Mexico by the Coasters

1) to make the listener uncomfortable by the lack of sonic resolution and to echo the lack of any solution in the song 2) as long as the universal soldier exists (or as long as people don't take personal responsibility for their own actions), there will never be an end to war 3) the syncopated beat in the drum sounds exotic, the nylon string guitar (evokes the sound of Spanish Guitar playing) and there are castanets

1) Woody Guthrie owes a lot of his singing style to? 2) In This Land is Your Land, Guthrie occasionally? 3) He does this to focus the listener's attention on?

1) traditional country music 2) sings out of time with his guitar (heard clearly on the words 'Gulf stream waters' in the first verse) 3) the lyrics

1) The new sound pallet of the psychedelic/acid rock stage and the rising demand for virtuoso performers prepared the way for? 2) Music in the 1970s remained divided along? 3) The gender divide also?

1) two new genres that would develop through the 1970s: progressive rock and heavy metal 2) colour lines: white artists dominate these genres 3) deepens

1) Orchestral instruments in rock and roll were? 2) The presence of the strings in Will You Still Love me Tomorrow can be understood in what two ways? 3) There Goes My Baby by the Drifters, was produced by?

1) unusual, but soon Leiber and Stoller would add a full orchestral accompaniment and create a new genre: sweet soul 2) as an echo of Tin Pan Alley pop, where full orchestral accompaniment was the norm, or as an anticipation of sweet soul 3) Leiber and Stoller

1) In Take it Easy, the Eagles create the sense of a rural dialect by? 2) The slang makes them sound like? 3) The line 'Find a place to make your stand' suggests?

1) using slang: "I GOTTA know if YER sweet love is GONNA save me" 2) ordinary, unassuming, and unsophisticated folks 3) some sort of internal moral compass in the singer

1) The sound of a 'Hawaiian'/'steel' guitar is? 2) The slide used by performers in the Hawaiian style is usually made of? 3) The 'lap steel guitar' developed when?

1) very pure and focused, while the notes tend to swoop into one another 2) steel, hence the term 'steel guitar' or 'lap steel' 3) the instrument went electric

1) The equity pay act prohibited? 2) The third event that helped the women's rights movement was? 3) The man who had become a symbol of the civil rights movement was?

1) wage differences between men and women for the same work 2) the passing of the Civil Rights Act, something equally important to African Americans 3) the Baptist clergyman, Dr Martin Luther King, Jr.

1) The 1960s was an important decade for? 2) Three important events occurred that helped? 3) First?

1) women's rights and civil rights movements 2) the former of these causes 3) oral contraceptives, or 'The Pill' was approved for use in the United States in 1960 (and in Canada in 1969)

1) In Cross Road Blues, what is Johnson's dialect like? 2) Johnson occasionally slips into his? 3) In blues, this tradition likely comes from?

1) words like 'gotta' 'aint', and 'don' instead of 'don't as well as skipping words in a syntax identify him as working class 2) falsetto voice (the first instance is at 0:58 in the second verse) to add improvised vocal ornaments 3) the Baptist gosepl tradition in the south