Muscles - shoulder and arm

When do you use the supraspinatus?

- Conducting the orchestra - Installing the ceiling titles overhead

Synergist

muscles that work together

When do you use the subscapularis?

- Reaching your hand around to scratch your back - Clutching Trail guide to the Body to your chest

A What is the action of the teres major responsible for?

Extend the shoulder (G/h joint) Adduct the shoulder (G/h joint) Medially rotate the shoulder (g/h joint)

Bilateral contraction of the upper fibers of the trapezius will create what movement of the head and neck?

Extension

O What is the origin of the subscapularis?

Subscapular fossa of the scapula

O What is the origin of the teres minor?

Upper 2/3rds of lateral border of the scapula

the actions of the deltoid anterior and posterior fibers make it an ____________ to itself.

antagonist

The four rotator cuff muscles and compass and stabilize the _____________ joint.

glenohumeral

O What is the origin of the infraspinatus?

infraspinous fossa of the scapula?

One palpatory distinction between the teres major and latissimus dorsi is that the teres attaches _________ _________ of the scapula.

lateral border

Passive Abduction of the shoulder will __________ the teres major

shorten

A What upper fibers of the trapezius are responsible for what kind of movement? (Middle fibers)

- Adduct the scapula (S/T joint) - Stabilize the scapula (s/t joint)

What synergist muscles are used to medially rotate the shoulder? (internal rotation) ( antagonist on lateral rotation)

- Deltoid ( anterior fibers) - latissimus dorsi - teres major - Subscapularis - pectoralis major (all fibers)

What synergist muscles are used to laterally rotate the shoulder (external rotation)? (glenohumeral joint) (antagonist on medial rotation)

- Deltoid ( posterior fibers) - Infraspinatus - teres minor

What synergist muscles are used to extend the shoulder? (Antagonist to flexion)

- Deltoid ( posterior fibers) - latissimus dorsi - teres major - pectoralis major (lower fibers) - triceps brachii (long head)

What synergist muscles are used to horizontally adduct the shoulder? (antagonist on h. abduction)

- Deltoid (anterior fibers) - Pectoralis major ( upper fibers)

What synergist muscles are used to flex the shoulder? (glenohumeral joint) ( antagonists on extension)

- Deltoid (anterior fibers) - Pectoralis major ( upper fibers) - Biceps brachii - Coracobrachialis

What synergist muscles are used to abduct the shoulder? ( glenohumeral joint) (antagonist on adduction)

- Deltoid all fibers - Supraspinatus

A What lower fibers of the trapezius are responsible for what kind of movement? (Lower fibers)

- Depress the scapula (S/T joint) - Upwardly rotate the scapula (S/T joint)

When do you use the serratus anterior?

- Doing a push up - Throwing a punch

A Posterior fibers of the deltoid are responsible for what kind of movement?

- Extend the shoulder (G/H joint) - Laterally rotate the shoulder (G/H joint) - Horizontally abduct the shoulder (G/H joint)

A The latissimus dorsi is responsible for what movements?

- Extend the shoulder (g/h joint) - Adduct the shoulder (G/H joint) - Medially rotate the shoulder (G/H joint)

A Anterior fibers of the deltoid are responsible for what kind of movement?

- Flex the shoulder (G/H) - Medially rotate the shoulder (G/H) - Horizontally adduct the shoulder (G/H)

When do you use the biceps brachii

- Holding a heavy hymnal while singing in the church choir - With your right arm, using a screwdriver to tighten a screw - Carrying an infant in your arms in a cradles position

When do you use your trapezius?

- Holding a smartphone between your shoulder and ear - Carrying articles strapped across the shoulder (luggage, backpack, purse) - Pulling shoulders posteriorly in a military fashion

I What is the insertion of the trapezius?

- Lateral one-third clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

A What upper fibers of the trapezius are responsible for what kind of movement? (Unilaterally)

- Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side - Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side - Elevate the scapula (scapulothoracic joint) - Upwardly rotate the scapula (S/T joint)

What synergist muscles are used to adduct the shoulder? (glenohumeral joint) (antagonist on abduction)

- Latissimus dorsi - teres major - Infraspinatus - teres minor - pectoralis major (all fibers) - Triceps brachii (long head) - coracobrachialis

When do you use the corachobrachialis?

- Reaching around your face to scratch the opposite ear - Weightlifing -- doing a bench press - In martial arts -- a forearm block in front of your chest

What synergist muscles are used to rotate the scapular downward? ( antagonist on upward rotation)

- Rhomboid major - rhomboid minor - levator scapulae - pectoralis minor

When do you use the elevator scapula?

- Rotating your head when changing lanes while driving in traffic - Scratching your ear with your shoulder - Lying on your side, snuggling your head into your pillow

When do you use the triceps brachii?

- Slamming the trunk of a car - Pounding the large nails with a big hammer - Raising your body during the up phase of a push up - Dribbling a basketball

When do you use the infraspinatus/teres minor?

- Starting a pull-cord lawnmower - Fanning a smoke-filled room with your arms

When do you use your teres major?

- Steering a kayak with paddles - Unzipping the back of your dress - Walking with crutches - Climbing up a rope when storming a castle

When do you use the rhomboids major and minor?

- Sticking out your chest (pressing the scapulae together) - Shrugging your shoulders when uncertain - Squeezing through the entrance of a small cave

What synergist muscles are used to adduct the scapula? ( antagonist on abduction)

- Trapezius ( middle fibers) - rhomboid major - rhomboid minor

What synergist muscles are used to elevate the scapula? (antagonist on depression)

- Trapezius ( upper fibers, unilaterally) - rhomboid major - rhomboid minor - levator scapulae ( unilaterally)

What synergist muscles are used to depress the scapula? (antagonist to elevation)

- Trapezius (lower fibers) - serratus anterior ( with the origin fixed) - pectoralis minor

What synergist muscles are used to rotate the scapula upward? ( antagonist on downward rotation)

- Trapezius (upper and lower fibers) - serratus anterior (with the origin fixed)

When do you use your deltoid?

- Virtually all movements that involve the shoulder - Slipping your arms into a jacket - Raking, shoveling, sawing - Rowing a dinghy

A What are the actions of the Infraspinatus?

- laterally rotates the humerus; - stabilizes the head of humerus in glenoid cavity - adduct the shoulder (G/H joint)

A What are the actions of the subscapularis?

- medially rotates the shoulder (g/h joint) - stabilizes the head of joint

A All fibers of the deltoid _______ the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

Abduct the shoulder

What action can you ask your partner to perform in order to contract all fibers of the deltoid?

Abduct the shoulder

A What are the actions of the supraspinatus?

Abduct the shoulder (g/h joint) Stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

What is the best action to ask your partner to perform to feel the supraspinatus contract?

Abduction of shoulder

Can you name two actions in which the rhomboids and trapezius are synergists and one action in which they are antagonists?

Adduct scapula and Elevate scapula. rhomboids downwardly rotate it.

To feel the middle fibers of the trapezius contract, you could ask your partner to perform which action?

Adduction (retraction) of scapula " bring shoulder off the table"

N What is the nerve that innervates the teres minor?

Axillary C5, 6

N What nerve innervates the deltoid?

Axillary C5,6

The subscapularis can be located between two tendons of which muscle?

Biceps brachii

The pectoralis minor has the potential to create neurovascular compression on which three vessels?

Brachial plexus, axillary artery, and axillary vein.

Boxing the shoulder and pulling it anteriorly while you palpate the pectoralis major and a sideline position has which two benefits?

Brings pectoralis major chest wall, allows breast tissue to fall away

The most important aspect when palpitating near breast tissue is:

Communicating your intentions to your partner

I What is the insertion for the teres major?

Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

If you follow the fibers of the infraspinatus laterally, they converge underneath which muscle?

Deltoid

If you follow the fibers of the pectoralis major laterally, they blend with the fibers of which muscle?

Deltoid

To access the supraspinatus tendon, you need to sync your thumb tip through which muscle?

Deltoid

What synergist muscles are used to horizontally abduct the shoulder? (antagonist on h. adduction)

Deltoid (Posterior fibers)

I What is the insertion of the deltoid?

Deltoid tuberosity

When do use the pectorals major?

Doing a chin-up Using almost any swim stroke ever invented Sewing wood in both directions

A What upper fibers of the trapezius are responsible for what kind of movement? (Bilaterally)

Extend the head and neck

O What is the origin of the trapezius?

External occipital protuberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligaments nuchal and spinous process of C- 7 through T-12

To locate the infraspinatus and teres minor tenants in a supine position, how would you position your partner shoulder?

Flex shoulder to 90°, then horizontally adduct and laterally rotate the shoulder 10 degrees.

When palpitating the latissimus dorsi, how can you discern the muscle tissue from The Superficial skin?

Grasp tissue and let it slip through your fingers; feel for muscles of fibrous texture.

I What is the insertion of the supraspinatus?

Greater tubercle of humerus

I What is the insertion of the teres minor?

Greater tubercle of humerus

I What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?

Greater tubercle of the humerus

In which to directions do you want to move from the coracoid process to locate the subscapularis tendon?

Inferior and lateral

O What is the origin of the teres major?

Inferior angle and lower 1/3rd of lateral border of the scapula

O What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

Inferior angle of scapula, spinous process of last six thoracic vertebrae, last three or four ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis and posterior iliac crest

I What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

Intertubercular groove of the humerus

What is the action of all fibers in the deltoid?

It abducts the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

O What is the origin of the deltoid?

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

When accessing the subscapularis from a side lying position, under what two muscles should you slide your thumb?

Latissimus dorsi and teres major

I What is the insertion of the subscapularis?

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

N What nerve innervates the teres major?

Lower sub scapular C5, 6, 7

What action could you ask your partner to do to gently contract the subscapularis?

Medially rotate the shoulder

Which portion of the latissimus dorsi is easy to grasp?

Middle portion

Can you name an everyday action in which you use your pectoralis major?

Push up hugging or lifting OT books.

When accessing the levator scapulae in a Supine position, the benefits of rotating the head 45 degrees away from the side you are palpating include

Shift cervical TVPs further anterior, gives levator more palpable tension, shorten's and softens the overlaying trapezius.

N What nerve innervates the trapezius?

Spinal portion of cranial nerve XI (accessory) and ventral ramus C2, 3, 4

What three bony landmarks can you lay your fingers along to isolate the belly of the infraspinatus?

Spine of the scapula, medial border, lateral border

The levator scapulae is situated between which two muscles on the lateral side of the neck?

Splenius capitis and posterior scalene

N What is the nerve that innervates the supraspinatus?

Subscapular C4, 5, 6

The subscapularis is sandwiched between which fossa and which muscle?

Subscapular fossa and serratus anterior

N What is the nerve that innervates the infraspinatus?

Suprascapular C(4), 5, 6

You can distinguish the teres minor from the teres major by their sizes and actions. Explain.

Teres minor is smaller, teres major medially rotates the shoulder, teres minor laterally rotates the shoulder.

O What is the origin of the suprasinatus?

The suprasinous fossa of the scapula

N What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?

Thoracodorsal C6, 7, 8

When do you use a pectorals minor?

Throwing a punch (not serratus anterior this time) Reaching into a a deep front back pocket Taking a deep breathe

The origin of the deltoid is identical to the insertion of which muscle?

Trapezius

Accessing the medial portion of the serratus anterior by curling your fingers around the medial border of the scapula, your fingers will inherently have to work through the valleys of which two muscles?

Trapezius and rhomboids

To locate the supraspinatus Valley, you must palpitate through which muscle?

Trapezius upper fibers

T/F Action and Insertion are the same for teres major and latissimus dorsi

True

N What nerve innervates the subscapularis?

Upper and lower sub scapular C5, C6, 7

The pectoralis major is divided into three segments:

clavicular, sternal and Coastal

The upper fibers of the trapezius Elevate the scapula, so the lower fibers must __________ the scapula.

depress

An action to ask your partner to perform to feel the levator scapulae contract is

elevation of scapula.

A What are the actions of the Teres minor?

laterally rotates the shoulder; (g/h joint) Adduct the shoulder (G/H joint) Stabilizes the head of the humerus in glenoid

Most of the serratus anterior is deep to the scapula and which two muscles?

latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major

Passive Abduction of the shoulder would __________ the teres minor

lengthen

Passive a deduction of the scapula would _______ the middle fibers of the trapezius

lengthen

Passive flexion the shoulder would _________ the latissimus dorsi

lengthen

Passive lateral rotation of the shoulder would _________- the subscapularis

lengthen

Passive medial rotation of the shoulder would _________ the infraspinatus

lengthen

Passive rotation of the head and neck to the left will _________ the left trapezius upper fibers

lengthen

Antagonist

muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover

The serratus anterior baby ducks the scapula, making it a direct antagonist to the __________.

rhomboids

What synergist muscles are used to abduct the scapula? (antagonist on adduction)

serratus anterior ( with the origin fixed) pectoralis minor

Passive Abduction of the shoulder would _________ the supraspinatus

shorten

Passive flexion of the shoulder would __________ the anterior fibers of the deltoid.

shorten

Passive lateral rotation of the shoulder would __________ the deltoids posterior fibers

shorten

Passive medial rotation of the shoulder would ___________ the latissimus dorsi and teres major.

shorten

Passive elevation of the scapula would ________ the trapezius upper fibers and ___________ it's lower fibers

shorten lengthen

The only rotator cuff muscle not involved with rotation of the shoulder is the __________.

supraspinatus

What are the SITS muscles? (rotator cuff muscles)

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

The dense quality of the infraspinatus is due to its _______ , _________ _________

thick, superficial fossa

The rhomboids are deep to the ___________ muscle and superior to the erector _________ __________

trapezius spinae muscles