Music 133 Exam #2

List the people between the time period between 1960-1963

Carol King, Jerry Goffin Leiber and Stoller Neil Sedaka

Rockabilly pop 1. everly brothers 2. Roy Orbison 3. Ricky Nelson

1. Country influence, sang in close harmony, influential on many groups after including the Beatles. 2. operatic voice with wide range. Wrote dramatic songs, which featured his strong voice. 3. TV idol, featured on popular TV show with his parents "Ozzie and Harriet". Staked out legitimate music career.

Little Richard

-"Wild Man" persona. -Uncompromising performance style. -Risqué lyrics, gospel style shouts, piano based. -Band similar to Jump Blues band.

Big Mamma Thornton

-Big Voiced Blues singer from the '50's and '60's. -Recorded the original version of "Hound Dog" later made famous by Elvis Presley.

Chuck Berry

-Country style vocals and guitar fused with electric blues. -Recorded on Chess with electric blues artists. -Guitar is the main focal point. -Original "double stop" guitar style, heavily influenced by a fusion of country and blues styles. -Songs are miniature stories specifically aimed at a teenage audience

Alan Freed

-Disc Jockey that coined the term "Rock& Roll". -Based in Cleveland then New York City. -Was the first to realize the commercial potential of Rock & Roll. -Organized Rock & Roll Dances and balls that promoted the music to a teen audience. -He was eventually brought down in the "payola" scandal in 1960.

Time period between 1960-1965

-During these six years, we saw the demise of Rock and Roll with the payola scandal, -the death of Buddy Holly -the personal scandals and peccadillos that ended the careers of the early Rock and Rollers. -With it came increased industry control and the rise of the role of the producer and songwriters.

Bill Haley and the Comets

-Early Rock and Roll stylists. -Western Swing/BigBand/Jazz -Rock covers of R&B songs and originals, "Rock Around the Clock.

Bo Diddley

-Electric Blues influenced, recorded on Chess Records. -Distinctive guitar style was influential on Jimi Hendrix and many other later Rock Artists. -Frequently used "Bo Diddley" shuffle rhythm in his songs.

"Colonel" Tom Parker

-Elvis' Manager. -Bought out Elvis contract from Sam Phillips. -Was the first to sign a rock act to a Major Label (RCA). -Promoted Elvis through television, film and national advertising.

Elvis Presley

-First Rock & Roll national star. -First to sign with national label. -Exposure on the Ed Sullivan Show and Movies which featured him. -Influences include- Dean Martin, Gospel, Blues and Country. -Early Style is rockabilly, featuring country vocals influenced by Dean Martin. -Mostly covers of music by country and black R&B and Blues artists. -Worked with Scotty Moore on guitar and Bill Black on Bass. Moore was important early rock guitar stylist. Middle style is more commercial, featuring songs written specifically for him. -Later style is Las Vegas over the top stage performances.

Dick Clark

-Host of "American Bandstand" which was a popular show that introduced and featured many Rock acts. -Clark was cleared in the Payola Scandal.

Fats Domino

-New Orleans Performer with easygoing, unintimidating style. -Appealed to crossover audience. -Piano based, 12/8 triplet feel, slight lisp in singing, very dry recorded sound at J&M Studios.

Sam Phillips

-Owner/producer/recording engineer of Sun Studios/records in Memphis, Tennessee. -Discovered and managed Elvis Presley and many others.

Carl Perkins

-Rockabilly style. -Wrote songs that were covered by many others. -Also influential as guitarist

Payola Scandal

-Scandal that involved the practice of Disc Jockeys receiving cash for playing records on the radio. While legal, several DJ's, most notably Alan Freed, were implicated and their careers were ruined.

Jerry Lee Lewis

-Similar "Wild Man" performance and pubic persona to Little Richard. -Church revival infused performance style, piano based . -First Rock 'n Roller to use electric bass in his band.

Buddy Holly

-The First "Rock Artist". -Style was more varied than other 1950's Rock & Roll performers. -Known for Country & Western Style vocal style with trademark "Hiccup". -The first to popularize the Fender Stratocaster in rock. -Wrote, performed and produced most of his own music, exerted greater artistic independence. -Worked with his band the Crickets which featured Jerry Allison, Joe Mauldin and Niki Sullivan and producer Norman Petty. -He died in a plane crash at the age of 22 February 3, 1959 known as the "The Day the Music Died".

1. In 1965, style shifts to more folk influence - 2. guitar sound switches from...

1. "Rubber Soul". Influence of Bob Dylan and the Byrds. 2. bright Rickenbacker and Gretsch based sound to heavier Gibson and Fender sounds. McCartney switches to Rickenbacker bass, and develops a more melodic, innovative style of bass playing.

Surf Music 1. Beach Boys 2. Early songs were about what? 3. Later songs were about what?

1. Mike Love, Al Jardine, The Wilson Brothers - Brian, Carl and Dennis. Brian Wilson was the creative driver behind the group. Wrote most of the group's songs and produced them. Style featured intricate "Barbershop Quartet" Doo Wop harmonies, wall of sound production. Wilson used many of the same session musicians (known as the "Wrecking Crew") as Phil Spector. 2. surfing and surf culture, fun in the sun etc. 3. Later songs became more complex with very sophisticated arrangements and instrumentation. Subjects became darker, often subliminal, dealing with alienation, unrequited love.

American Folk Music 1. Folk Revival spearheaded by? 2. Folk was popular with ? and stressed what ? 3. Other important folk artists include:

1. Pete Seeger -(Turn, Turn, Turn, Where Have All the Flowers Gone?, If I Had a Hammer, We Shall Overcome.), and Woody Guthrie (This Land is Your Land). 2. the college crowd. Stressed authenticity and sincerity - absolutely no electric instruments. 3. Peter Paul and Mary Bob Dylan Kingston Trio

Time period between 1960-1963 1. What is the Brill Building? 2. Brill Building songwriters include what? 3. Who are the important producers of this period? 4. What was Spector best known for? 5. Spector also wrote and produced songs for what? 6. Carol King did what? 7. Who did Leiber and Stoller produce songs like?

1. Refers to both the business model and the physical building in New York City where the major songwriters of the day worked. 2. Rise of the Producer, mostly produced black, female groups, will be the model for Motown later on 3. Brill building songwriters, Phil Spector 4. "Wall of Sound" 5. The Ronettes featuring Phil Spector's then wife Ronnie Spector "Be my Baby" 6. produced songs for groups such as the Shirelles "Will You Love Me Tomorrow?" 7. mini plays like the Coasters, "Down in Mexico."

Beatles and influences: 1. The Beatles were influenced by 2. Skiffle. Skiffle 3. The third main influence was what? 4. The Beatles started as a Skiffle group called 5. Beatles later changed their name to 6. The original members were: 7. Also know these important personalities in the Beatles career

1. early rockers little Richard, Buddy Holly, Chuck Berry, Carl Perkins and Elvis, Skiffle. Skiffle. 2. was a popular folk style in Britain. Similar to American folk, but with more of a upbeat, lighthearted style. Also featured "homemade" instruments such as the washboard and tea chest bass, because instruments were very expensive in Europe after World War II and the economy was still recovering from the war. The "King of Skiffle was Lonnie Donegan." 3. was British Music Hall, an early 20th century style that featured a singer that typically led a sing along with the audience. 4. the Quarrymen 5. "Long John and his Silver Beatles", "The Silver Beatles" and then "The Beatles." 6. Paul McCartney -Guitar and later Bass in place of Stu Sutcliffe John Lennon - Guitar George Harrison - Guitar Pete Best - Drums - Replaced by Ringo Starr in 1963 Stuart Sutcliffe - Bass - Left group to become artist, but died young 7. Brian Epstein - Manager George Martin - Producer Dick Rowe - The man who turned down the Beatles on Decca records. Will later quickly sign the Rolling Stones.

1. Early style more concerned with? 2. Early musical style: a. Musical style consisted of?

1. songwriting craft in the Brill building-Tin Pan Alley style Featured direct lyrics that connect with the listener 2.a. John Lennon's unique downstroke, rhythm guitar with unusual jazz inspired chords, Paul McCartney's melodic bass, George Harrison's Rockabilly style lead guitar, Ringo Starr's steady drumming

What do "Rebel Without a Cause", "The Wild One" and "Blackboard Jungle" all have in common?

All three deal with the anxiety of the newly found independence of teen culture.

Johnny Cash

Early rock style is Rockabilly, similar to Elvis, later career is more Country and Folk

3 part harmony inspired by?

Everly brothers

Ed Sullivan

Host of popular variety show on television that introduced many Rock acts during its run.

Dick Dale

Instrumental surf - inspired by his hobby, Lion taming.

Who was the first Rock 'n Roller to use electric bass in his band?

Jerry Lee Lewis

Jan and Dean

Produced by both Brian Wilson and Leiber and Stoller. Sang both surf styles and the "Splatter Platter", Also known as Teenage drama song.

Big Joe Turner

R&B Hokum Blues style. Risqué Lyrics with lots of double entendres.

Polio

The dreadful disease that mainly affected children and teens that was eradicated in 1955 with the development of the polio vaccine by Jonas Salk. The eradication of polio led to the increased freedom teenagers were able to have in the 1950's.

early studio recordings

relatively simple, mostly one take, few overdubs.