Music Appreciation Exam 2

Jingju translates to __________.

"capital theatre"

Schubert composed "Erlkönig" when he was __________.

18

What is the typical sequence of movements in a Classical-era string quartet?

4 movements: the first fast, the second slow, the third a minuet, and a fast finale

What is rounded binary form?

A binary form in which the opening idea returns in the tonic key about halfway through the second section, "rounding out" the form

What is ternary form?

A form consisting of three parts, labeled ABA or ABA

theme and variations form

A form in which a theme is presented and then altered in some way—through harmony, melody, texture, dynamics, or some combination of these—in a succession of individual variations.

Rondo form

A form in which an opening theme (A) returns repeatedly over the course of the movement, interspersed with contrasting ideas (B, C, etc.). An example of the resulting pattern would be ABACA.

symphony

A large-scale work for orchestra, most commonly consisting of four movements.

full cadence

A musical point of arrival that creates a strong sense of closure.

binary form

A musical structure consisting of two repeated halves (AABB).

periodic phrase structure

A musical structure in which antecedent and consequent phrase units make up a larger whole.

half cadence

A point of musical arrival that is not yet closure. If thought of as punctuation, a half cadence is like a comma, whereas a full cadence is like a period.

contrafactum

A work setting new words to an established melody.

If Haydn had not used a theme and variations form for the second movement of his String Quartet in C major, what other form(s) might he have chosen?

ABA or sonata

The Classical Era in music coincides in part with the __________.

Age of Enlightenment

Jingju developed during the same period of European operatic composers such as __________.

Giuseppe Verdi and Richard Wagner

The Symphonie fantastique mirrors Berlioz's obsession with __________.

Harriet Smithson

How did Haydn feel his employment with Prince Nicholas Esterházy affected his compositions?

His relative isolation and the prince's consistent approval allowed him to experiment and create an original style.

consequent phrase

In periodic phrase structure, a closing phrase that follows an antecedent phrase and creates a sense of musical completion.

antecedent phrase

In periodic phrase structure, an opening phrase, which sets up the consequent phrase to follow.

Why does Mozart use accompanied recitative in the middle of this scene?

It allows him to present a large quantity of text in a short time.

What is program music?

It is instrumental music openly linked to an object, idea, or story.

In Haydn's time, why was the string quartet typically performed in private homes?

It was not a loud and showy genre, but rather an intimate and thoughtful one.

da capo

Italian for "from the head"; a direction to go back and play from the very beginning of the piece.

What term is used to identify German songs for voice and piano?

Lied

How does music of the Classical Era differ from the music of the Baroque?

Melodies are less ornate and more periodic.

Why might a pianist today prefer a modern instrument to the fortepiano?

Modern concert halls are larger, and the fortepiano does not produce enough sound.

Mozart's Vienna concerts in the 1780s made an impressive net profit in part because __________.

Mozart wrote the music, performed it, and sold his own tickets

Why are opera characters able to sing simultaneously?

The differences in their vocal ranges make it easier to understand the words they sing.

What do most of the nineteenth-century women composers mentioned in this text have in common?

Their primary instrument was piano.

How does double-exposition concerto form differ from standard sonata form?

There are two different expositions.

How did concert audiences in Haydn's time differ from contemporary classical music audiences?

They sometimes burst into applause in the middle of the music.

How does Haydn change the melody when phrase A repeats?

Violin 1 repeats phrase A in a higher range

A theme followed by a series of variations is __________.

a basic form in musical cultures around the world

Like many early nineteenth-century piano trios, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel's Piano Trio in D Minor, op. 11, was written to be played by __________.

amateurs in private homes

Which of the following best describes the construction of themes in the first movement of Mozart's Symphony no. 40?

antecedent-consequent

When the music of a symphony is played softly for a long time, __________.

audiences anticipate the music getting loud again

How does Haydn vary timbre and dynamics in the opening of the minuet?

by alternating between high and low strings and by shifting between loud and soft

In adulthood, Mozart supported himself largely __________.

by giving concerts and teaching lessons

Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique is a good example of Romantic music because it __________.

captures the world of the gothic and grotesque

In the 1780s, Mozart made a name for himself in Vienna as both a __________.

composer and pianist

A type of musical appropriation in which new words are set to an established melody is called a __________.

contrafactum

When the individual movements of a large work are related in a tangible and distinct way, the piece is said to be __________.

cyclic

The fourth melody in Mozart's Piano Concerto in A Major, K. 488 has a mostly __________.

disjunct motion and downward contour

Over the course of "Cosa sento," Basilio's emotional state moves from __________.

embarrassed to triumphant

The mode used for recitative in the excerpt from "The Reunion," typically used for lyrical or tragic scenes of moderate tempo, is the __________.

erhuang

In a chamber orchestra, which instruments carry the melody the majority of the time?

first violins

A noisy kitchen is roughly equivalent to the dynamic level __________.

fortissimo

The aria example from "The Reunion" is set in a __________-beat rhythm.

four

One of the obstacles facing Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel as a composer was her __________.

gender

Mao Zedong disliked traditional Jingju because __________.

he felt it was elitist

A common criticism of Mozart's music was that __________.

he included too many melodies for the audience to follow

In "Erlkönig," which element does Schubert use to characterize the son?

high register

One of the ways Haydn creates variety and interest in the sound of the third movement is by __________.

including dynamic surprises

One of the reasons Cherry Blossoms might sound strange to Western ears is because it __________.

is built on a pentatonic scale

Writers of the Enlightenment recognized the structural parallels between instrumental music and __________.

language

Concerts in Haydn's time were much __________.

longer, so people often socialized

Mozart associates the different emotional states of the three singing characters in "Cosa sento" with contrasting __________.

melodies

Moving from one key to another is called __________.

modulation

How many symphonies did Beethoven complete?

nine

How many musicians are needed to play Cherry Blossom?

one

A geisha is most similar to a __________.

paid performer

A gapped scale is also called what kind of scale?

pentatonic

One area of the orchestra that Berlioz used more than his predecessors was the __________.

percussion section

A(n) __________ phrase structure includes antecedent and consequent units that together make a whole.

periodic

Beethoven's initial fame as a musician was as a __________.

pianist

A piano trio consists of __________.

piano, violin, and cello

In sonata form, all themes appear in the tonic key in the __________.

recapitulation

In "Chester," the melodic contour of each phrase __________.

reinforces its antecedent or consequent function

Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro __________.

represents a mood of discontent with the established order

Sonata form resembles rounded binary form in its __________

return of the opening theme about mid-way through the second section

Composers of the Classical Era liked to use which form for finales in part because they are jaunty and bright, with catchy melodies?

rondo

The way Mozart uses a recurring musical theme interspersed with contrasting melodic ideas in "Cosa sento" resembles __________.

rondo form

Mendelssohn's Overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream sets the mood in the opening by __________.

setting the winds in a high register

The tremolo technique creates what kind of effect?

shivering

The Erlking sounds menacing in part because, until just before the end, he always sings __________.

softly

In a concerto, what two forces at times collaborate and at times compete?

soloist and orchestra

The voice types of Susanna, Basilio, and the Count are __________.

soprano, tenor, and bass

Even Berlioz's detractors praised his __________.

spectacular orchestral effects

A "strophe" is also sometimes called a __________.

stanza

In his late 20s, Beethoven __________.

started to lose his hearing

Which voice part carries the melody throughout "Chester"?

tenor

The focused, penetrating sound of the koto, which is similar to the tone of Japanese vocal music, comes from the __________.

tension of the strings

Which of the following became the best-known new text to use Haydn's melody for Emperor Franz II?

the German national anthem ("Germany Above All Else")

In the Symphonie fantastique, the idée fixe represents __________.

the artist's beloved

The main musical element that unites all five movements of the Symphonie fantastique is __________.

the idée fixe

During the Classical Era there were rapid advances in technology, including __________.

the steam engine, the cotton gin, and manufacturing

"Chester" is structured like a hymn but focuses mainly on __________.

the struggle for American independence

Why did some in London considered Haydn's symphonies the model of an ideal society?

the symphonies demonstrated that differing groups—winds, strings, percussion—could come together in harmony

The third phrase of the main melody of Chester does not provide closure because __________.

the tonic note on which it ends is in a high register

The 2nd movement of Haydn's String Quartet in C Major, op. 76, no. 3, Cherry Blossom is an example of what type of musical form?

theme and variation

The form used in Haydn's String Quartet in C Major is most likely __________.

theme and variations

The voices in "Chester" sing __________.

together in rhythm with largely syllabic text setting

Haydn's minuet is typical because it is in which meter?

triple

The poetic rhythm of the melody of this movement is __________.

trochaic tetrameter

Joseph Haydn's String Quartet in C Major, op. 76, no. 3, is written for a string quartet, which is comprised of __________.

two violins, a viola, and a cello

The two instrumental ensemble groups in jingju are __________.

wenchang and the wuchang

Who primarily played the koto during the instrument's heyday?

women

The mode used for the aria style in this example from "The Reunion," a livelier style used in positive situations, is the __________.

xipi

Other types of zithers from around the world include the __________.

zheng and dulcimer