Music Appreciation Unit 1-Elements

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What is a combination of tones that feels unstable and demands onward motion toward a stable chord?

Dissonant

What are some examples of syncopation in a series of 4 beats, where the underlined number in bold indicates the beat that is accented?

1-*2*-3-4 and 1-2-3-*4*

What is the structure of a minor scale?

7 different tones and an eighth tone that duplicates the first

The piano is an exceptionally versatile instrument because it has how many keys, which span more than 7 octaves?

88

What are present in a key?

A chord, central tone, and central scale

What is the type of scale that uses the 12 tones of the octave?

A chromatic scale

Which gives the composer the largest variety of musical sounds and noises, including control over the pitch, tone color, dynamics, and duration of a musical sound?

A synthesizer

What are 2 methods to add rhythmic variety to music?

A triplet and dotted note

What is when a note is emphasized more than others, usually by being played louder?

Accent

A musical piece that has 2 contrasting sections has what kind of form?

Binary

What is the resting place or point of arrival at the end of a melodic phrase?

Cadence

Which people lead choruses, orchestras, and bands and have the responsibility of keeping everybody together and helping to shape the musical composition?

Conductors

In harmony, what is a combination of tones that are stable and whose sound has a sense of arrival, or resolution?

Consonance

Forward motion, conflict, and change in mood are aspects of what in musical form?

Contrast

In creating musical form, what provides variety?

Contrast

The xylophone belongs to which primary category of percussion instruments?

Definite pitch

Timpani, or kettledrums, belong to which primary category of percussion instruments?

Definite pitch

What describes texture?

Dense, thick, and light

Which type of chord is built on the fifth note of the scale?

Dominant

What concerns the duration of rests?

Eighth and whole rests

What are often produced by variation in tone color?

Emotional impact and expressive effects

What elements can form part of the key signature?

Flats and sharps

Which 2 woodwind instruments don't use reeds?

Flue and piccolo

How are the basic pitches of a piece of music arranged in a scale?

From low to high

What term refers to simultaneous tones in music that add support and richness to a melody?

Harmony

A hymn usually has what kind of texture?

Homophonic

Which texture describes a main melody accompanied by chords?

Homophonic

What are the 3 basic musical textures?

Homophonic, monophonic, and polyphonic

What is a collection of sharps and flats placed at the beginning of the piece of music?

Key signature

When a melody moves from one tone to a tone that isn't adjacent, what is it?

Leap

If you play the white notes of the piano from C to C, you are playing what kind of scale?

Major

What term is used to refer to the organization of beats into regular groups of strong and weak ones?

Meter

What are all the voice types that are typically female voices?

-Alto -Mezzo soprano -Soprano

What is the order describing how sound is created and heard, with the first step at the top?

-An object, such as a string, is made to vibrate -Vibrations are transmitted through the air to our ears -The eardrums vibrate and signals are carried to the brain -Signals are interpreted in the brain as sound

Which can establish the musical style of a piece?

-Being issued by a single composer -Belonging to a specific country -Belonging to a specific period in history

What attributes do outstanding performers share with athletes in the role of presenting a musical composition?

-Coordination -Strength -Competitive Drive

What are a couple of things to note about modulation?

-It usually changes the central tone -It's the shifting from 1 key to another key

Western musicians usually classify instruments in which 6 broad categories?

-Keyboard -Electronic -String -Brass -Percussion -Woodwind

What are all of the talents that a performer draws upon in a performance of a composer's work?

-Manual dexterity -A keen memory -A good ear for pitch

What are some basic melodic principles?

-Many melodies are made up of phrases -A melody moves by steps or leaps

What elements are present in polyphonic or contrapuntal music?

-Melodies that are woven together -2 or more combined melodies -The inclusion of imitation

What can be considered the instruments that conductors use in their conducting role?

-Orchestra -Band -Chorus

What helps us develop awareness and understanding of the form of a piece of music from its various parts?

-Repeated listening to recall the rhythms -Perceiving how the parts produce a sense of shape and structure -Memory of the parts and how they relate to each other

What are elements that interact in a musical composition to produce a sense of shape and structure?

-Rhythm -Texture -Pitch -Tone Color

In general, how does the voice in singing differ from speaking?

-Singing typically uses a wider range of pitches than speaking -Vowel sounds are often held for longer durations when singing -Singing typically uses a wider range of expressive dynamics than speaking

What are the primary differences between a major and minor scale?

-The half step in a minor scale is between the second and third tones -The pattern of intervals is different

What are a couple of things to note about major scale?

-The interval pattern of any major scale is always the same -The major scale is constructed of whole steps and half steps

What are the 3 chief elements that Stravinsky uses to create sharp musical contrasts in a section as the melody is repeated over and over?

-Tone color -Dynamics -Rhythm

What are the techniques used to control pitch in one or more kinds of brass instruments?

-Using a sliding tube to change the length of tube through which air vibrates -Using valves to change the length of tube through which air vibrates -Varying lip tension while blowing in a mouthpiece

If a piece of music changes key 4 times, how many main keys does the piece usually have?

1

What is a characteristic of ABA ternary form?

When A returns, it can be slightly different from the first statement

When is a measure in duple meter?

When it has 2 beats

Does musical style refer to the way rhythms, melodies, harmonies, texture, and form are used in a geographical location, or within a composer's work?

Yes

In western music, is changing key a way to strengthen listener interest in longer musical selections?

Yes

Like Bizet's piece, can changes in texture add variety to the music?

Yes

Does Western music use as many or more percussion instruments than those found in African and Asian styles of music?

No

Does knowing the characteristics of each style not useful in identifying music because every composer writes music that sounds different?

No

Is the beat in music always clearly emphasized and strongly felt?

No

What is the distance between the first and eighth tones of the major scale?

Octave

What categories of instruments are commonly found in both orchestras and marching bands?

Percussion and Brass

In which keyboard instrument are tones produced by felt-covered hammers that strike strings?

Piano

Which keyboard instrument are tones produced when air blows across or through openings in pipes?

Pipe organ

If march and dance themes are presented simultaneously in a song, what kind of texture is it?

Polyphonic

What texture does Bach use in his music?

Polyphonic

What is a series, or sequence of chords?

Progression

What is the distance between the lowest tone and the highest tone an instrument can play?

Range

A composition in binary form usually does what?

Repeats both parts, in the form A A B B

In music notation, what is the symbol that indicates the duration of silence?

Rest

Beat, meter, accent, tempo, and syncopation are interrelated aspects of what musical element?

Rhythm

Eighth note, quarter note, and half note are all used to notate what aspect of music?

Rhythm

What is the term for the particular arrangement of note lengths and silences in a piece of music?

Rhythm

What type of change in tempo does Puccini use?

Ritardando

What type of change in tempo does Berlioz use?

Sudden speeding up

What is the speed of the beat or the basic pace of the music?

Tempo

In which type of musical form is there a musical statement (A,) then a contrasting statement (B,) then a return to the first musical statement (A)?

Ternary (three-part) form

Which concerns the use of the chromatic scale?

The chromatic scale has been used as the basis for entire compositions

Describe the frequency at which an object vibrates.

The faster the vibrations, the higher the pitch

What source creates the vibrations that the brass instrument then amplifies?

The musician's lips

In a time signature, what does the upper number indicate?

The number of beats in a measure

Historically, what have been the main tools for composers of electronic music?

The tape studio, synthesizers, and computers

What is a chord made up of the 3 notes root, third, and fifth? (do, mi, sol)

Triad

What is the Italian term used to describe the small pitch fluctuations that give a tone expressive warmth?

Vibrato

What is used to indicate notation that is relatively low in pitch?

Bass

What is the regular, recurrent pulse that is subdivided and organized to create rhythms and metrical configurations?

Beat

What is the distance between any 2 tones?

Interval

In music notation, the higher a note is placed on the staff, how does it effect the pitch?

It's higher

In a musical composition in the key of F, what role does the note F have in that key?

It's the note that typically ends the piece of music

What is the first stylistic period in the history of Western music?

Middle Ages

What are the basic scales of western music from the late 1600s to 1900?

Minor and major

What is the musical texture of a single melodic line without accompaniment?

Monophonic

When there is only one melody with no accompaniment, what is the texture?

Monophonic

Why does a violinist press the string of a violin against the fingerboard?

To change the pitch

What ways have the percussion instruments been used?

To heighten climaxes and emphasize rhythm

What purpose does a complete cadence serve in music?

To provide a sense of conclusion and satisfaction

What is a sound that has a definite pitch?

Tone

What is the chief element that Ellington uses to create variety with the repeated-note melody?

Tone color

No matter how often a work changes key, what is its main (home) key?

Tonic key


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