🎶Music Lesson 1 Chapter 1 🎻

accent

a performer can emphasize a tone by playing louder than the tones around it

tone

a sound that has a definite pitch

sostenuto pedal

allows pianist to sustain some tones without sustaining others

damper pedal

allows pianist to sustain tones even after keys are released

voices

baritone - male version of mezzo soprano

digital frequency modulation synthesis

based on representing physical quantities and numbers

sound

begins with a vibration of an object vibrations transmitted to ears by a medium

double stop

by drawing the bow across two strings - can sound two notes at once (triple stop, quadruple stop)

pitch is determined

by frequency of its vibration

mute (brass)

can alter tone color of instruments - inserted into bell

tone color (timbre)

can be described as bright, dark, brilliant, mellow, or rich

sampling

considered a synthesizer technology, placing brief digital recordings of live sounds under sythesizer keyboard

instrument

defined as any mechanism other than the voice that produces musical sound

dynamics

degrees of loudness or softness and music

range

distance between the lowest and highest tones that a voice or instrument can produce

interval

distance in pitch between two tones

listening outline

each item describes some musical sound, may point out dynamics, instruments, pitch level or mood

rythym

flow of music through time

main woodwinds

flute family (piccolo and flute) clarinet fam (clarinet and bass clarinet) oboe fam (oboe and english horn) bassoon fam (bassoon and contra bassoon)

accordian

free steel reeds that are controlled by a travel keyboard with piano keys played with right hand and bass keyboard buttons played by left

measure

group containing a fixed number of beats

pipe organ

has many sets of pipes controlled from several keyboards including pedal played by organists feet

noise-like sounds

have an indefinite pitch because they are produced by irregular vibrations

fast vibrations

higher pitch

octaves

higher tone has twice the frequency of a lower tone

effects devices

include reverb, echo, stereo spliters

stops

knobs that bring varius sets of pipes into play

pitch of brass instruments regulated by

lip tension, slides, valves

baritone horn

looks like tuba and has same range as trombone

slow vibrations

lower pitch

tape studio

main tool of composers of electronic music during 1950s

theme

melody used as basis for musical composition

piano

more music written for it than any other instrument

strings versatility

most versatile instrument group

mute

muffle tone by fitting clamp onto bridge

tremolo

musician rapidly repeats tones by quick up and down strokes of the bow

pizzicato

musicion plucks string with finger of the right hand

register

part of the tonal range

specific rythym definition

particular arrangement of note lengths in a piece of music

keyboard instruments

piano harpsichord organ acordian

four main properties of music

pitch, dynamics, tone color, duration

electronic instruments

produce or amplify sound through electronic means

computers

produce sounds on audio tape, used as control devices to drive midi equip. and direct digital synthesis

woodwind instruments

produce vibrations of air within a tube - traditionally made of wood with holes along length that are opened and closed by fingers

single reed woodwinds

reed is fastened over hole in mouthpiece and vibrates ex. clarinets and sax

vibrations of a tone

regular and reach the ear at equal time intervals

beat

regular recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time

meter

repeated pattern of a strong beat plus one or more weaker beats

vibrations of percussion instruments

set up by stretched membranes like claf skin of kettle drum or by plates / metal bars / wood / other sonorous materials

impulses

signals that transferred to the brain selected, organized, and interpreted

cornet

similiar shape to trumpet but more mellow

bow

slightly curved stick strung tightly with horse hair used to play strings

percussion instruments - indefinite pitch

snare drum bass drum tambourine triangle cymbals gong

computer music

some or all of sounds are generated or manipulated by computer

musical instrument digital interface

standard adopted by manufacturerers for interfacing synthesizer equipment

6 categories of (western) instruments

string woodwind brass precussion keyboard electronic

plectrum

string instruments that are plucked ex. harp and guitar

harpsichord

strings plucked by set of plectora, controled by one or two keyboards

synthesizers

systems of electronic components that generate modify and allow sound

euphonium

tenor instrument of tuba fam

pitch

the relative highness or lowness we hear in a sound

vibrato

throbbing impressive tone while rocking the left hand

percussion instruments - definite pitch

timpani glockenspiel xylophone celesta chimes

medium

transfers vibrations usually air

brass instruments

trumpet french horn trombone tuba

double reed ww

two narrow pieces of cane held between musicians lips ex. bassoon and oboe

analog synthesis

uses mixtures of complex sounds shaped by filtering

unichorda pedal

vails sound

variations

varied repetitions of the theme

harmonics

very high pitched tones like whistles, produced when musician lightly touches certain points on the string

reed

very thin piece of cane that is set into vibration by a stream of air

string instruments

violin viola cello double bass

vocal music guide

vocal text appears with brief marginal notes that indicate the relationship between words and music and help the listener follow the thought story or drama

mouthpiece

where vibrations come from musicians lips