Myth and Folklore 2

The I-Ching

A 5,000-year-old book describing Chinese mythology, history, and philosophy, each of its eight trigrams represents a different power of nature, they were first copied by Fu Hsie, the first emperor and founding hero of China, after they were revealed to him on the back of a great turtle

Ullamaliztli

A Mesoamerican ballgame that was played for the gods, played by two teams, one representing Huitzilopochtli, god of the sun, and one representing Coyolxauhqui, god of the moon, legend said that each evening, the sun descended to the underworld and traveled through each level before emerging again in the dawn, the playing field was supposed to mirror the path the sun took through the underworld each night, the goal was to put a nine-pound rubber ball through a hoop which immediately ended the game, this was quite difficult, so there were other ways to win as well, when the game was over, the winning team was celebrated while the losing team was sometimes ritualistically sacrificed to the gods

Prose Edda

A collection of poems compiled by historian Snorri Sturluson, which contains most of the stories of Norse Mythology

Kennings

A compound figurative expression used in place of a noun, sea-horse for ship, slaughter-dew for blood, whale's-way for the sea

Norse Creation Myth

A great giant named Ymir sweated the first male and female out of his armpit, the Earth was made from Ymir's body after his grandson Odin killed him and the clouds were made from his brain

Founding Myth

A myth that explains the beginnings of a city

Theogony

A poem written by Hesoid that describes the origin of the Greek gods, an important work of Greek mythology that includes a written account of the Greeks' myths as well as a detailed account of creation, and it includes a family tree of the gods

Sacred Myths

Accepted by Eastern and Western religions such as Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam, influences the history of the world, each society will have a slightly different version of ancient history,

Amaterasu

All Japanese Emperors trace the beginnings of their family tree to this goddess, she sent her grandson, Ninigi No Mikoto, to Earth to establish the Imperial house, he brought a jewel (benevolence), a mirror (purity), and a sword (courage), which became the royal symbols

Which of the following cryptids is an example of a humanoid creature?

All of the above (Yeti of the Himalayas, Yeren of China, Skunk-Ape of the Southern US)

Pantheon

All the gods of a specific religion, offspring of An, god of the heavens, and Ki, the goddess of earth, An, ruler of the sky, was the supreme deity and is credited with creating the world, After its creation, An chose to reside in the heavens but sent his wife Ki and their son Enlil to earth, Enlil was not fond of hard work, so he created humans out of clay, and blood from the god Kingu, to take care of the new creation, the gods created humans to be their servants, which gave them more time for leisure activities, however, humans soon became unruly, so the gods freed them and Enlil did not pay much attention to them except to punish them when they angered him

The Nuremberg Chronicle

An illustrated history book published in Germany in 1493, Hartmann Schedel tells the history of the world through the lens of the Bible, beginning with the cosmic myth of creation and ending with the Final Judgment

Myths in History

Ancient historical accounts often treat their myths and legends as fact, so the line between true history and myths is often blurred, historical accounts left behind by past civilizations have been priceless in piecing together the myths and legends of their past,

Mummification

Anubis (a jackal-headed god) was the god of mummification and the underworld, death was extremely important to ancient Egyptians, the body of the deceased was preserved through mummification to insure it could be used in the afterlife, the journey to the afterlife could not begin until the end of this process which took over two months to complete, special magical spells were also recited and buried with the deceased, the pyramids were used as tombs for the pharaohs to hold their sarcophaguses which contained their mummified bodies, burial rooms also contained most of their earthly belongings which were to be used in the afterlife, the common Egyptians were buried with basic household items while the wealthier Egyptians were sent to the next world with items like jewelry and furniture, once the deceased reached the underworld they took part in a judgment ceremony overseen by Osiris, the god of the dead and the Egyptian Afterlife, during this ceremony the person's heart would be weighed on the scales against a feather, if their heart was too heavy, it was devoured by a beast called Ammit, a terrifying creature with the head of a crocodile, the judged would then cease to exist. If the deceased had a light heart, that person's heart was returned to their body and they were allowed to continue on to the Fields of Hetep and Iaru, the Egyptian version of heaven, because of this myth, the heart was always left inside the body during the process of mummification even though the rest of the organs were preserved in specially decorated Canopic jars

Which natural event is attributed the the spirits of the dead playing football with a walrus skull?

Aurora Borealis

Native American ancestry myths

Centered on animism and trace their lineage to a specific animal, these clans identify themselves by their spiritual animal; for example, the "Wolf Clan" or the "Bear Clan"

Fu Xi

Chinese trace their lineage, according to legend, he and his sister were the only survivors after humanity was wiped out by a great flood, they repopulated the earth by creating clay figures of humans that they brought to life using special powers given to them by the gods

What term did Bernard Heuvelmans coin?

Cryptozoology

Ethnogenesis

Cultures often trace their origins back to a single patriarch, or father, shared ancestry, gives a feeling of oneness to a society or cultural group, it also secured thrones for family lines and was used to lay claim to territory associated with the myth

Sun and Moon

Described as either, siblings, husband and wife, or forbidden lovers, he sun's daily path is typically explained as a journey, in many cultures, the sun was considered a god, the sun was worshiped in almost every ancient culture and has gone by many names throughout the centuries, to the Egyptians, he was Ra, creator of humankind, to the Celts, he was Lugh, to the Polynesians, he was known as Maui, Aztecs of Mexico worshipped him as Tonatiuh and he is the center of their calendar stone, to Japanese and Incan legends, their royal families are direct descendants of the sun

Dante's Inferno

Describes his journey based on his interpretation of the afterlife, which is based on biblical text, after losing his way in the forest, Dante travels through the various levels of Purgatory, Hell, and Heaven as he searches for his path

According to Aztec mythology, what will the earth be destroyed by?

Earthquake

Which culture believed their leaders were the embodiment of a god?

Egyptian

Egyptian pyramids

Elaborate tombs instead of places of worship, built enormous stone temples which they considered the homes of their gods and goddesses, walls were covered with important scenes which often depicted the pharaoh, these temples had six main parts, the front gate, called the pylon, led to a courtyard where regular Egyptians were allowed to worship on festival days, this was as far as they were allowed to go, only the Pharaoh and the priests could enter the rooms of the temple, inside of the temples contained a hypostyle hall and a second hall used to perform religious rituals, a sanctuary contained a statue of the god or goddess the temple had been dedicated to, the god or goddess was believed to actually enter these statues during religious rituals, a sacred lake was located next to the temple and contained holy water to be used for the rituals

Primitive Myths

Explain the natural world or things in nature such as volcanoes and lightning

Amon-Ra was the god of the underworld in Egyptian mythology.

False

Both Greek men and women competed in the Olympic games.

False

Cryptids usually fall into one of the following categories: humanoid, draconic, or sea creature.

False

In Monotheistic societies, the gods and goddesses walk among men?

False

The Vile Vortices are all located around the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer.

False

The term Ragnarok means "Blessing of the Gods".

False

Manu

First man created by the Hindu gods, and he is said to be the ancestor of all humankind as well as their first King

Object and Place Myth

Food plays a major role in myths and legends around the world, ancient myths often credit the gods with the tools and knowledge needed to create food, and blames them when food is scarce, food has been sacrificed to the gods, used in religious ceremonies, and been attributed with certain powers, many gods have a 'trademark' food or drink, Odin drank mead (a fermented beer-like drink made from honey), and according to Celtic legend, a river of mead runs through their heaven, Greek gods was ambrosia and nectar, both of which were said to give immortality to any who consumed them, the Aztecs believed the cocoa tree was grown in the "Garden of Life" and was reserved for the gods, god of the air, Quetzalcoatl, brought the tree to Earth, where its beans were used to make a drink called Xocolotl and was used in many religious ceremonies, legend says that a Buddhist monk named Bodhidharma fell asleep while meditating one day, in his anger, he cut off his eyelids and hurled them to the ground, the first tea plants grew from the spot where his eyelids landed, heroes often searches for a mythical food that can provide eternal life, cure a disease, or heal injuries, in the Epic of Gilgamesh, he searches for the legendary "herb of life" in an effort to gain immortality

Enuma Elish

Found in the ruins of an ancient library, is the epic of Mesopotamian creation, the younger gods were causing a lot of mischief, and so the god Apsu killed them, in retaliation, a goddess named Tiamat created all kinds of hideous creatures like fish-men and scorpion-men to destroy Apsu, Tiamat then gave her son Kingu the Tablets of Destinies, which gave its owner the rights of ruler of the world, and she remained undefeated until the gods nominated the god Marduk to defeat her, he killed Tiamat and stole the Tablets of Destiny from Kingu, becoming the new head god and patron city-god of ancient Babylon

Tablets of Destinies

Gave its owner the rights of ruler of the world

What place of origin of the volcano legend attributing eruptions to a deity's bad temper?

Hawaii

The Pyramid of the Sun

In Teotihuacan, Mexico, was the center of an enormous Aztec society, purposefully built based on the spot of one of the Aztec's creation myths called the "Creation of the Fifth Sun at Teotihuacan", tells of two gods, Tecucistecatl and Nanahuatzin, who sacrificed themselves by throwing themselves into a great fire in this spot, Nanahuatzin, became the sun, and the second, Tecucistecatl, became the moon, the pyramid is built on top of a man-made tunnel leading to a cave that is believed to be Chicomostoc, the place where the first humans were created in Aztec myth

Norse Mythology

Includes the Scandinavian countries of Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Iceland, is most famous for Vikings, stories of their gods and heroes were passed from generation to generation orally, we have four days of our week named after Norse deities, Tuesday is named after Tyr; Wednesday was named to honor Odin, Thursday for Thor, and Friday for the goddess Frigg, poetic, exciting, themes of bravery, order, and conquest, dragons, giants, trolls, dwarves, and elves, The Chronicles of Narnia and the Lord of the Rings trilogy have incorporated Norse mythology, by far the most war-loving of all the pagan gods, Norse apocalypse is called Ragnarok "Doom of the Gods", it foretells of a great battle that will be fought by Odin and his sons along with the great heroes of Valhalla, they will battle against the fire giants and others who join the side of evil, Odin and Thor will be killed, as will many other gods and heroes, Surt will then burn all of the worlds down, and the earth will sink into the sea, he story of the beginning and the end of the world are contained in a poem called the Voluspa, Wise Woman's Prophecy, this myth ends with a new world rising from the sea, free of evil and sadness, the gods and humankind then coexist in harmony for eternity

Pagan Myths

Interactions between deities and mortals, ancient cultures had temples, altars, or other holy places to worship the deities, gave the Greeks a common vision and purpose, indigenous groups of Central and South America built great pyramids to worship while temples were more common in Asia and Europe

Who documented the twelve Vile Vortices?

Ivan T. Sanderson

Which two cultures believed their royal families were descendants to the sun deity?

Japanese and Incan

Greek Mythology

Known for their drama, filled with intrigue, jealousy, revenge, romance, and suspense, seen in modern literature like the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series and movies such as Troy and Clash of the Titans, much of what we know about Greek life comes from the Iliad and the Odyssey, which were written by Homer, human life is very much subject to the moods and whims of the gods, the gods governed the lives of humans and expected to be worshiped, to win their favor, the Greeks often offered animal and harvest sacrifices, the Greeks built temples in each city to honor their gods and goddesses which were famous for their beautiful columns, these were used to house statues of the gods and were cared for by priests, actual religious ceremonies and festivals took place outside the temples themselves, the Parthenon, is the most famous of the surviving Greek temples, it is located on the highest hill in Athens and was dedicated to the goddess Athena, the Titans originally ruled the universe, but Zeus and his brothers Hades, and Poseidon defeated them and exiled them to Tartarus, a pit beneath the underworld, once they got rid of the Titans the three new gods then drew lots to divide up their rule fairly, Zeus was given the sky and became the supreme ruler of the gods, as the sky god, he wields a thunderbolt that he hurls at anyone who angers him, in many myths he is seen punishing the human race for one thing or another, Zeus was often angry at his creation, and was blamed for any major catastrophe, like a volcanic eruption or the sinking of a city like Atlantis, Poseidon is the second in command and rules the seas, he has a trident that is so powerful it can shake the whole earth when he uses it, Hades became lord over the dead, he has a special helmet he can use when he wants to become invisible

Which of the following lost cities has been discovered?

Malhabalipurim

Which unknown creature was discovered in Hawai'i?

Megamouth Shark

Which civilization's myths refer to the Tablet of Destinies?

Mesopotamian

Ziggurats

Mesopotamian temples to hold ceremonies

What might cause ships to sink quickly and without warning in the Bermuda Triangle?

Methane Gas Pockets

The worship of a god who is omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent is called?

Monotheism

The Gods of Mesopotamia

More focused on themselves than humankind, and were constantly quarreling with and even killing one another

What drink gave immortality to those who drank it?

Nectar

From which culture does the myth that the first human was sweated from a giant's armpit originate?

Norse

Aesir and the Vanir

Norse gods fell into one of two groups, Vanir gods and goddesses were the earth deities like Freya, goddess of love and fertility, and her father Njord, god of the wind and sea, Aesir gods were the ones who "ran things", and they resided in the realm of Asgard, these were the gods and goddess of war and power like Odin, "Father of the Gods", and his son Thor, "the god of Thunder," who protected both humans and the gods from evil

Volcanoes

Often thought to be connected to gods or goddesses, Mt. Fuji was considered the dwelling place of Konohana, the Japanese goddess of flowering trees, Greeks believed that the fire god Vulcan, blacksmith to the gods, used volcanoes as his workshop, he was said to cause a volcanic eruption whenever he pounded on his anvil, in Hawaii, the goddess Pele, known for her terrible temper, is said to incite volcanoes with her magic stick called the Pa'oe, European cultures believed that volcanoes were the entrance to the underworld. when Hekla, a volcano located in Iceland, erupted in 1104 BCE people believed the fireballs spewing from it were souls, Mayans, offered human sacrifices to volcanoes, Mount Saint Helens is said to have once been a beautiful maiden that the Great Spirit turned into a volcano as punishment to his sons for fighting over her

Predetermined fate

One of the three main themes of Aztec mythology, the belief that a person's fate or course is laid out for them before birth and they cannot alter it, during Ullamaliztli they believed the winner or loser was already decided before the game begun

Duality

One of the three main themes of Aztec mythology, the state of having two natures, they believed the universe was made up of heaven, the earth, and an underworld, their creator god, Ometecuhtli, represents this nature, he was all things: male and female, creator and destroyer, good and evil, chaos, and order, he birthed four gods, each representing a different direction on the compass: Huitzilopochtli, Quetzalcoatl, Tezcatlipoca, and Xipe Totec, these gods created other gods and goddesses, and soon there were hundreds of deities, but most of the major Aztec ceremonies centered around these four, Teocalli or "sacred temple" was built to honor these gods, the area at the top was a chamber for the priests and the flat areas which were used for sacrifices, usually carved serpent heads into their pyramids

Sacrifice

One of the three main themes of Aztec mythology, their deities often required blood or human sacrifices to appease them and secure their favor, these sacrifices were believed to keep the sun god moving through the sky, being sacrificed was considered to be an honor and a guarantee to go straight to the Aztec version of heaven, other tribes living nearby did not want to be captured by Aztec warriors as they were usually sacrificed, held ritualistic battles called xochiyaoyotl, or flower wars, specifically for the purpose of capturing prisoners to be sacrificed to Huitzilopochtli, god of war, fire and the sun, the losers of Ullamaliztli were sometimes ritually sacrificed

Polytheistic

Pagan and eastern religions, worshiped many gods and goddesses, ancient Greeks and Romans worshiped multiple major and minor gods and goddesses, as did the Japanese, Hindus recognize over three million gods, these gods often have separate dwelling places but choose to walk the earth and are also subject to human emotions, both good and bad, Deities may rule over natural things like the ocean and sky, specific activities like war, or emotions like love, it was common in pagan societies to have individual gods for just about everything you can imagine, from cities to plants and rocks

The Creatures of Greek Mythology

Pegasus, centaurs, and phoenix, had a wide array of mythical monsters that their heroes often had to battle; like the Minotaur and the Gorgons, Cerberus, a three-headed hound who guards the gates to the underworld, once a soul is delivered to the other side of the river Styx by the Ferryman Charon, this beast makes sure it can never return to the land of the living, as the Roman Empire expanded they would adopt most of the Greek gods with very few changes except for the names, including those of the big three: Zeus became Jupiter, Poseidon became Neptune, and Hades became known as Pluto

The "Five Suns" Myth

Quetzalcoatl, the Feathered Serpent, is credited with creating humankind the fifth time around, the myth of the "Five Suns" explains that the gods destroyed the world four times before the current age, the first earth was destroyed after Tezcatlipoca (the sun) was knocked from the sky while fighting with his brother Quetzalcoatl, Tezcatlipoca then sent jaguars to destroy the earth, Quetzalcoatl took over as the sun, but then destroyed the previous earth with a great hurricane after becoming disgusted with humankind, the next sun was the god named Tlaloc, but he destroyed the world with fire in a rage because Tezcatlipoca stole his wife, the fourth sun was Chalchiuhtlicue, goddess of oceans and Tlaloc's sister, who destroyed the world in a great flood, after the flood, Quetzalcoatl journeyed to the underworld and retrieved human bones, he fell on the bones as he escaped, breaking them into many pieces, so the bones were many sizes as were the people Quetzalcoatl created from them

The Greek Games

Religious celebrations held at Olympia to honor Zeus every four years, only Greek men were allowed to participate, The Olympics lasted five days, and began with an entire day of animal sacrifices to the gods, the foot-race was the main event and kicked off the games, later wrestling, boxing, and discus throwing

Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism are all examples of what kind of myth?

Sacred Myths

Aurora Borealis

Said to be the spirits of the dead playing a football-like game with a walrus skull, the fires of medicine men, and the torches of giants used to light the way as the spear fish

Scientific Myth

Scientific hypothesis, the theory that the world was flat was once a scientific myth

Guidelines for Living

Shared myths give a society parameters in which to live, they reflect the morality, behavior and customs deemed acceptable by the majority in a society, and set its moral boundaries and tone, often allow people to apply the knowledge and wisdom portrayed within these stories to their own lives, while they may not battle dragons, they learn not to quit, and while they may not go around kissing frogs, they learn that things are not always as they seem, the consequences for not following the 'rules' often deter people from making bad decisions while rewards help to motivate them to follow the societal norms, when children play make-believe, they are often brave knights, magical princesses, or great explorers and adventurers, people recognized the importance of bravery and daring, heroes and heroines of myths and legends reinforce this and offer common role models that reflect the traits and characteristics important to a culture's way of life, some myths and legends were created as scare tactics, we have pool fences to keep curious children from drowning and locks on our doors to keep them from wandering off at night, many "bogeyman" legends originated as a way to keep children away from danger, most cultures have a ghost, creature, or bogeyman who resides in or around bodies of water, in parts of Europe, a scarecrow-like man called the Bubak lurks around riverbanks waiting to steal the souls of anyone who gets within his reach, monkey-like kappas of Japanese mythology trick children into getting too close to the water and then kill them, Spain has the Coconut Man, who takes children who refuse to sleep away in sacks, The Small Man walks the streets of the Bahamas at night, and if he finds any children outside, they will be doomed to ride in his cart forever

What famous explorer was executed for trying to find El Dorado?

Sir Walter Raleigh

The Meaning of Life

Societies used myths and legends as ways to explain why people were "punished" with these events during their lifetimes, an extended winter occurred because spring was bewitched and asleep, locusts were a punishment for some evil, and a drought was the result of angering the rain god, the promise of an afterlife helped to make existence on Earth more tolerable and gave societies a common purpose, in cultures where warfare was valued, like the Norse Vikings and the Greek Spartans, their myths and legends glorified battle and bravery like Valhalla

What is Valhalla made of?

Spears and Shields

Mythical Art

Statues of ancient heroes can be seen throughout Europe, paintings like Michelangelo's ceiling of the Sistine chapel, which brings the stories of the Bible to life, masks were used in many cultures to represent the deities and animals of their stories, dancing rattle of the Haida people is an example of how ancient cultures incorporated their myths and legends into their ceremonial pieces, in Benin, Africa, elaborately carved memorial tusks have been found like the one that tells the story of the defeat of the evil Iyase n'Ode by the mighty hero Exomo Ehenua

Egyptian-Heliopolis Mythology

Thanks to the discovery of the Book of the Dead, we know a lot about ancient Egypt's myths, in addition to the details of the Egytian afterlife, this group of books contains a description of each god and goddess, their origin and their role, the reigning pharaoh was said to be the embodiment of the sky god Horus, represented by the head of a falcon, this book helped to secure his divine position, ancient Egyptain mythology is animalistic, deities are usually portrayed with human bodies and animal heads, worshiped over 2,000 deities, Amun-Ra was the most important of the gods and was responsible for creation, the earth is said to have risen from a place called Nu, a swirly watery chaos, there are several different creation myths associated with ancient Egypt, in one, humans are formed from the tears of the god Amun-Ra

Aztec Mythology

The Aztecs ruled what is now Mexico until the arrival of the Spanish in the 1500's, legend says that their God Huitzilopochtli told them to travel until they spotted an eagle perched on a cactus holding a snake in its beak, their records say they settled in what would later become Mexico City after seeing the sign he promised them, entire Aztec empire revolved around their myths from daily life to government, cities were built around great pyramid-shaped temples, their games were played for their gods, and their emperors were believed to be embodiments or incarnations of their deities, worshipped hundreds of gods, Tezcatlipoca was the "top" god, had cultural gods, nature gods, creation gods, gods of excess, gods of maize and fertility, gods of death and the underworld, and finally trade gods (Trade was extremely important to the Aztec and other early societies)

What city did Manuscript 512 describe?

The Lost City of Z

Which of the following books tells us the history of the world through a biblical view?

The Nuremberg Chronicle

The Shiji

The book of the Master Grand Scribe, was written by Sima Qian and his father between 109 BCE - 91 BCE, both men worked as scribes for the emperor's court, this extensive collection of Chinese history traces each dynasty and includes its mythological beginnings

Cosmic Myth

The history of the world through the lens of the bible starting with creation and ending with the Final Judgment, creation stories of the world

The Lower Level

The lower level is made up of Muspelheim ("land of desolation") and Niflheim ("land of mists"), Muspelheim is a desolate land filled with fire and guarded by Suri, the fire giant, the sparks from this land created the celestial bodies, Niflheim is ruled by the goddess Hel and is perpetually dark and cold, this is where evil men spend eternity

The twelve major Olympian gods and goddesses

The ones in charge of the universe, Aphrodite, Apollo, Ares, Artemis, Athena, Demeter, Dionysus, Hephaestus, Hera, Hermes, Poseidon, and Zeus, though Hades, god of the underworld, is an extremely important god there is debate among scholars as to rather he is an actual Olympian god as he is not listed on the Parthenon frieze but a passage from the Illiad, it is assumed that he is in fact an Olympian

Abraham

The patriarchal father of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Embodiment

The physical form of a spirit

Heaven and the Underworld

Their worldview of heaven consisted of thirteen separate levels and Mictlan, their underworld, had nine, and earth existed between the two, the way they died determined which realm they ended up in, there was a specific heaven for people who were struck by lightning or died from a disease, those who died in ways deemed honorable like in battle, as a sacrifice for the gods or in childbirth were said to go straight to the house of the sun god to a type of paradise, while others had to travel through the underworld in order to get to the ninth level of Mictlan, which was rather gloomy, it was not a heaven or hell, but more of a neutral place, this journey took four years and the deceased were often cremated or buried with a dog which was thought to help them as they faced each trial before their souls could rest, there were a total of nine trials; one for each of the levels of the underworld, had to cross a river, escape vicious animals that fed on human hearts, and suffer icy winds that felt like knives on their skin among other things, when they finally arrived at Mictlan they were expected to present Mictlantecuhtli and Mictecacihuatl, the Lord and Lady of the underworld with a gift which had been buried with them, according to their mythology, the present earth will eventually be destroyed once again, but this time it will be the result of a great earthquake

Which poem describes the origin of the gods in Greek mythology?

Theogony

Which is NOT true of anecdotal stories?

They are strongly supported by facts

Which floor will you not find on most skyscrapers?

Thirteenth

The Upper Level

This level contains: Asgard, the land of the warrior gods; Alfheim, the land of the elves; and Vanaheim, home of the Vanir, the Vanir are made up of the fertility, wisdom, and fortune telling gods

The Middle Level

This realm was said to be surrounded by a great serpent, Jormungand, who bites his own tail to hold the earth together. Midgard, Jotunheim, Nidavellir and Svartalfheim are the homes of men, frost giants, dwarves, and dark elves, respectively

Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt

Trace their lineage back to the gods, the pharaoh was the actual embodiment of Horus, god of the sky

"Place and Object" myths exist in monotheistic and polytheistic societies?

True

A Mesoamerican ball game, known as ullamaliztli was played by two teams, one representing Huitzilopochtli, god of the sun, and one representing Coyolxauhqui, god of the moon.

True

Opening an umbrella indoors, breaking a mirror, or walking under a ladder are all thought to bring bad luck.

True

Superstitions help people to feel like they have an element of control in life.

True

The Flower Wars were "fought" specifically to get human sacrifices for their gods.

True

The Japanese government abandoned their research of the Dragon's Triangle after a research ship and its crew disappeared.

True

The Nuremberg Chronicle tells the history of the world based on the sacred myths in the bible

True

The gods of Mesopotamian mythology created humans to do their work for them.

True

When children play make-believe, they are often dramatizing myths and legends

True

Heroes in Greek Mythology

Were either mortals or demi-gods, half god and half man, main heroes were: Perseus, Hercules, Achilles, Atlanta, Theseus, and Odysseus, these heroes were greatly revered by the Greeks, and their feats often included fighting great battles, going on epic quests, and defeating terrible monsters

Monotheistic

Western religions favored one deity, they believe in one God who is omnipresent, omnipotent, and omniscient, he is separate from humanity in his perfection and he resides in the heavens

Ovid's Metamorphosis

Written in 8 CE telling of Greek and Roman mythology, without this story, hundreds of their ancient legends would have been lost forever

The Epic of Gilgamesh

Written in cuneiform on twelve separate clay tablets, is the oldest book we have on record and incorporates many deity myths

Norse Universe

divided into three levels, the world tree Yggdrasill was believed to run through each of these levels and connect them with its roots