mythology midterm review
3 characteristics of the Trickster archetype
-"mocking shadow of the creator god" -appears in almost all cultures as a bizarre or clownish figure -plays pranks, causes upsets, creates obstacles -not evil -sign that something needs to change
4 of the 12 Olympians
1) HADES, the god of the Underworld 2) Aphrodite: the goddess of fertility, love, and beauty 3) Athena: the Goddess of War 4) Poseidon: God of the sea and the protector of all waters.
4 of the 12 Titans
1) oceanus: god of salt water 2) cronus: god of time 3) coeus: deep intelligence/thought 4) mnemsyne: memory and language
Joseph Campbell's definition of myth
4 functions of mythology 1) means of interacting with the mystery/unknown 2) provide a cosmology 3) provide a frame work for social relations 4) provide individual psychological guidance numinous: terrifying, can change your life
Who Medusa is, and who her children are
In Greek mythology, Medusa was a monster, a Gorgon, generally described as a winged human female with living venomous snakes in place of hair. Those who gazed upon her face would turn to stone. pregnant with pegasus (winged horse) when killed. had a son chrysaur (golden sword) chryasor & callirhoe produced gyron
How Campbell explains the meaning of the snake in myth and scripture
The serpent was the one who brought sin into the world. The serpent, who dies and is resurrected, shedding its skin and renewing its life, is the lord of the central tree, where time and eternity come together. He is the primary god, actually, in the Garden of Eden. The Garden is the serpent's place.
Describe the 2 Aphrodites
aprhodite urania: "celestial aphordite" personification of sacred, spiritual love. aphrodite pandemos: "aphrodite of all the people" personification of profane love- romance, lust, procreation
What a goete is, and what the word means
brings the dead to the underworld, and can also bring them back geote: "howling"
Define "chthonic" and name 2 chthonic deities/beings
chtonic: means "earth" in greek referring to area beneath the soil, refers to the underworld
God that castrates his father and swallows his children; his father's name; god that is spared when he is fed a stone instead.
cronus. married to rhea, when she gave birth he swallowed the child so he didnt have to give up power. son of Uranus and Ge. rhea (wife) fed him a stone and saved zeus (hid zeus on an island)
Define "theos", and explain why Dionysus is associated with that term
dionysus: god of wine, drinking puts one between the conscious and unconscious theos is the god/ dignity, direct experience of the god
5 ages of man (Hesiod)
gold, silver, bronze, heroes, iron
3 weapons used to defeat the Titans in the Titanomachy
helmet of invisibility (hades) trident (posiden) thunderbold (zeus): rebalancing
Archetype embodied by Hermes? He is a crosser of what? Name of his role as messenger and guide to the underworld, and what Herma are.
hermes/mercury: messenger god- moves between Olympus and the underworld he is a psychopomp: guides souls to the underworld he is a boundary crosser since he started his life as a theif herma: ancient greek boundary markers named after the god hermes. very sexualized nature of these carvings
Archetypes projected when one falls in love
jung says: falling inlove is a projection of our soul archetype marriage balances opposites/ individuating
Define "liminal", and examples of liminal deities/beings
liminal: on a threshhold or boundary examples (opposites) sky and earth heaven and hell dark and light good and evil male and female pleasure and pain day and night conscious and unconscious
First 4 deities to come out of Chaos
night, Erebus, tarterous, eros (love)
Zeus' retaliation against Prometheus (and in turn, mortals) for giving fire to humans?
prometheus gives fire to mortals. zeus retaliates by creating and sending pandora to humans to release evil into the world (woman brings evil just like adam and EVE)
Names of 3 "Old Men of the Sea" who shapeshift and prophesize
proteus, nereus, triton portrayed as an old man who can tell the future
Scylla and Charybdis, and why they are dangerous
scylla: daughter of hecate and phoreys, turned into a monster by amphitrite or circe. charybdis: drew in mountains of water daily and spewed them out again. represents the terrors of the sea.
3 levels of consciousness according to Jung. Which one does myth come from?
the ego, personal, and collective. ego: identity/shadow: parts of you that you push away personal: your memories: traumas, happiness, etc collective: stories/ideas that are common to community (past, present, future)
Aphrodite's attendants
the graces (charities) and the hours (seasoned)
Names of 3 famous Nereids
thetis: her son would be "mightier than his father" marries peleus galatea: She was loved by the Cyclops Polyphemos AMPHITRITE The Nereid Queen of the sea, the "surrounding third," wife of the god Poseidon