N257 Jeopardy and quiz questions

Which of the following can be used by researchers to measure the quality of nursing care? (Choose all that apply.) A. Pressure ulcer prevalence B. Central-line-associated infection C. Medicare reimbursement rates D. Nurse salaries

A and B

In a study of liver transplant recipients, the researcher specifies that the subjects must be 18 years of age or older and the recipient of only one liver transplant. These criteria are an example of: A. extraneous variables. B. inclusion criteria. C. exclusion criteria. D. demographic attributes.

B

A researcher is studying the relationship between age and involvement in social activities. This is what type of research? A. Descriptive B. Quasiexperimental C. Correlational D. Experimental

C

What type of study examines the association between food texture, and swallowing dysfunction? Correlational Experimental Quasi experimental Qualitative

Correlational

The researcher claims that her cross sectional study will show improvements in pain over time. What is the main threat to internal validity in this case

Cross sectional studies cannot examine changes over time because the data is collected at one time point

What type of research approach focuses on learning about the meaning of humans' lived experiences

Phenomenology

Name the components of EBP 95)

Research evidence, patient's situation and clinical condition, patient's preference, clinical expertise, health care resources

What variable types are used in outcomes research (3)

Structure, process, outcomes and variables

What are the components of a purpose statment

Variables, population, setting

An outcomes researcher is designing a study exploring patient outcomes resulting from the use of a pain treatment algorithm. Which of the following are examples of processes of care that should be considered when designing the study? A. nurse counseling regarding how to use ibuprofen for arthritis pain B. the patient's concerns regarding addiction C. nurse knowledge and beliefs regarding pain management D. pain severity scores

A

The question "Is there a relationship between caffeine intake and intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma?" would be best explored using what type of research? A. correlational research. B. historical research. C. basic research. D. phenomenological research.

A

What is the best type of research synthesis paper? A. A meta-analysis B. A systematic review that is not a meta-analysis C. An integrative review D. A narrative review

A

Which of the following is true about probability sampling? A. It can take different forms, but random selection is always used. B. Subjects are handpicked because they have the expertise to provide information for the study. C. It guarantees that the sample is representative. D. It is the most economical way to get large numbers of subjects.

A

A research problem is defined as a(n): A. general area of concern requiring study. B. statement that specifically indicates the study focus. C. topic of personal interest. D. intended or desired result of a specific action.

A

When there is a lot known about a topic, the researcher typically uses this to describe the predicted relationship between variables

A hypothesis

A research article's level of evidence is determined based on which of the following factors? (Choose all that apply.) A. The research design B. Control for bias C. The number of co-authors D. Control of variables that can influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables

A, B, D

How do you critique a systematic review? (Choose all that apply.) A. You will look to see if the authors used an extensive literature review process to find all available articles on the topic. B. There is no need to critique a systematic review because it represents the highest level of scientific evidence. C. You will look for a description of how the authors selected the articles for inclusion in the review. D. You will check to see if the authors' recommendations are consistent with the findings.

A,C,D

What is the difference between a meta-analysis and a systematic review which is not a meta-analysis? (Choose all that apply.) A. Only a meta-analysis pools the samples from all included studies and reports the results based on one large combined sample. B. There is no difference between a systematic review and a meta-analysis because both review articles include experimental and quasi-experimental studies in the review. C. A meta-analysis is a type of systematic review that includes only randomized controlled trials. D. A non-meta-analysis systematic review includes all types of quantitative research on the topic, not just randomized controlled trials.

A,C,D

Label the components of the following PICO question: In hospitalized patients with severe depression, what is the effect of an inpatient, nurse-led exercise program compared to usual care on suicidal risk and antidepressant usage? Choices - use a choice only once 1.Suicidal Risk and antidepressant usage 2. Hospitalized patients with severe depression 3. Exercise Program 4. Usual Care A. P B. O C. I D. C

Answer Key: 1 - B, 2 - A, 3 - C, 4 - D

A study analyzing the effect of exercise on diet control in Hispanic women with Type II diabetes would most credibly be generalizable to which population? A. All patients with Type II diabetes B. Hispanic women with Type II diabetes C. Women with Type II diabetes D. Hispanic patients with Type II diabetes

B

This threat to internal validity occurs when too many patients drop out of the study

Attrition

A research problem is defined as a(n): A. statement that specifically indicates the study focus. B. general area of concern requiring study. C. intended or desired result of a specific action. D. topic of personal interest.

B

A researcher has designed a study looking at the effects of peer support on outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients. The researcher randomly assigns some patients to a group who will receive support from a recovered CABG patient and some patients to a group who receive no formal support. This process would be an example of which of the following? A. Probability B. Manipulation C. Bias D. Multicausality

B

Nurses in a hypertension clinic have found that many patients do not comply with their treatment regimen. They designed an intervention based on Bandura's social cognitive theory and wanted to study the effect of this intervention in a convenience sample. Which of the following designs would be best suited? A. Correlational B. Quasiexperimental C. Exploratory D. Descriptive

B

Nurses in a hypertension clinic have found that many patients do not comply with their treatment regimen. They designed an intervention based on Bandura's social cognitive theory and wanted to study the effect of this intervention in a convenience sample. Which of the following designs would be best suited? A. Descriptive B. Quasiexperimental C. Exploratory D. Correlational

B

Sampling in research may be defined as: A. identification of the population in which the researcher is interested. B. selection of a subset of a population to represent the whole population. C. ensurance that each person has a chance of being included in the study. D. establishment of criteria for eligibility to participate in a study.

B

Which of the following is an example of purposive sampling? A. Volunteers are solicited from the entire population, and those who agree become subjects in the study. B. Subjects who have knowledge about the study topic are asked to participate in the study; those who agree become the sample. C. Sample members are determined by finding a designated number of subjects from each of several identified groups (men, women, high school graduates, etc.). D. The names of all possible subjects are put into a hat, and an adequate number are drawn out.

B

A researcher is looking at the process for referring patients to a VNA (Visiting Nurse Association) following hospital discharge. What specific aspect of quality health care would this address? (Choose all that apply.) A. Structure of care B. Practice styles C. Process of care D. Quality of care

B, C

Quantitative and qualitative research approaches are particularly useful in nursing because they: A. are both process oriented. B. complement each other. C. are easy to implement. D. require few resources.

B.

The grounded theory method is concerned with: A. testing theories and hypotheses. B. developing theories. C. establishing an emic perspective of research. D. providing validity checks for constructs.

B. Developing theories

Which action demonstrates the role of a knowledgeable consumer of nursing research? A. Implementing an intervention found to be effective in one clinical study B. Evaluating the credibility of the research findings C. Analyzing data to determine outcomes D. Designing a research study

B. evaluating the credibility of the

Ethnographic research focuses on: A. using techniques that generate theory about how people deal with life situations B. trying to understand cultures from an emic perspective. C. gathering data about lived experiences of individuals. D. use of etic perspectives in studying individual human behavior.

B. trying to

According to Donabedian's Health Care Quality Theory, what three factors must be considered when designing research focused on assessing healthcare quality? A. Cost, Quality of Life, and Symptom Relief B. Provider preferences, cost/benefit rations, and patient demographic characteristics C. Structure, Process, and Outcomes D. Process, Function, and Outcomes

C

The population from which the researcher selects the actual study sample is referred to as: A. target population. B. scientific population. C. accessible population. D. theoretical population.

C

The population from which the researcher selects the actual study sample is referred to as: A. target population. B. theoretical population. C. accessible population. D. scientific population.

C

The term "internal validity" refers to the degree to which: A. results of the study can be generalized to groups other than the one in the study. B. the researchers followed the design they selected for the study. C. the independent variable can be interpreted as being responsible for the effects on the dependent variable. D. groups in the sample were equivalent before beginning the study.

C

A phenomenological research question might be which of the following? A. What percentage of mothers of twins elect to breast-feed their infants? B. What past events have led many women to avoid breast-feeding? C. What is it like to breast-feed twins? D. How do different cultures adapt to breast-feeding multiple infants?

C.

Qualitative research is based on which of the following? A. A logical positivist paradigm B. A philosophy that researchers and participants should never meet. C. The belief that multiple "truths" and "realities" exist D. A philosophy that all data are concrete and objective

C. The belief

The following research steps could be found in which type of qualitative research? Identification of the culture to be studied Gaining entrance Cultural immersion Acquiring informants Theory development A. Phenomenological B. Historical C. Ethnographic D. Grounded theory

C. ethnographic

The nurse decides to hold a patient's regularly scheduled extended-release morphine (MS-Contin) because the patient is sleeping. Last week, another patient on the unit was intubated due to severe respiratory compromise resulting from a high dose of intravenous morphine. The nurse is now worried that her patient may develop respiratory depression if she administers the MS-Contin. What knowledge source has influenced the nurse's decision to hold the MS-Contin? A. Intuition B. Tradition C. Personal Experience D. Authority

C. personal

This type of variable really screwed up the research findings because the researcher forgot to measure or control for it

Confounding

A research design is best described as a: A. methodology used only in quantitative studies. B. model showing two or more concepts and their proposed relationships. C. mechanism to guarantee validity of study findings. D. blueprint for conducting the study.

D

A researcher is interested in looking at the relationship between sleep and use of meditation in nurses who work the night shift. The researcher obtains permission to collect data from the night nurses at a local hospital. While planning the study, the researcher is informed that a nurse on the night shift in intensive care is a frequent speaker on meditation techniques. The researcher must now address what specific issue related to the study design? A. Manipulation B. Multicausality C. Probability D. Bias

D

An outcomes researcher is interested in learning about how nurse communication (a process of care) influences patient compliance regarding diet and exercise recommendations. What is "nurse communication" an example of? A. A structure of care B. A standard of care C. An outcome of care D. A practice style

D

Outcomes researchers desgin studies to help identify problems which negatively influence care quality. Which of the following might be of interest to an outcomes researcher? A. Nursing processes for double-checking the accuracy of chemotherapy dosages before administering to the patient B. High pain scores in hospitalized patients C. The number of hours that a nurse works per day D. All responses are correct

D

Statements that are taken for granted or are considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested, are called: A. hypotheses. B. variables. C. limitations. D. assumptions.

D

The concept of causality would be important in which of the following research designs? A. Descriptive B. Phenomenological C. Time dimensional D. Experimental

D

What is an efficient way for a busy nurse to find high (the best) level research evidence to guide his/her practice? A. Use Google to search the literature and select only the articles providing Level 6 scientific evidence. B. Do a comprehensive search of the literature and read every article you can find about the topic. C. Ask the physician for his/her opinion. D. Search for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines through the National Guideline Clearinghouse.

D

Which of the following are true statements regarding nursing research? A. Descriptive and correlational research is most successful in addressing research questions nurses have. B. The most common type of research used by nurse researchers is ethnographic research because it studies the lived experience of their patients. C. Nurses do not typically attempt to conduct experimental research because it is beyond their level of expertise. D. Nurses successfully use a variety of designs in research studies because there are many types of questions to be answered.

D

You are shopping in the mall and are approached by individuals who identify themselves as researchers for a local food chain. They ask you to participate in their study by answering a few questions. As a subject for this survey, you were selected by which method of sampling? A. Random sampling B. Purposive sampling C. Systematic sampling D. Convenience sampling

D

A qualitative researcher sets up a series of interviews and plans to meet in the participant's home. The researcher expects to develop a mutual understanding on the topic with the participant. The researcher asks the participant to complete a standardized Quality of Life questionnaire. Which of the behaviors in the above scenario is atypical of qualitative research? A. Meeting in the participant's home B. Data gathering occurring over several visits C. Expecting a relationship to develop between the researcher and the research participant D. Providing a standardized Quality of Life questionnaire

D. providing

Quantitative and qualitative research approaches are particularly useful in nursing because they: A. are easy to implement. B. require few resources. C. are both process oriented. D. complement each other.

D. they complement each other

What type of study is this: Data was collected at the UofM Health care system from a group of 20 nursing staff members. Open ended interviews were used to collect narrative data

Descriptive/qualitative

What type of qualitative research can help us see how the roles of nurses vary across cultures

Ethnography

This type of variable could have interfered with the relationship between the dependent and independent variables but the researcher controlled for it

Extraneous variable

Outcomes researchers study the influence that clinical guideline use by healthcare professioonals has on containing costs. True False

False

What type of qualitative research is used to create theory regarding how people deal with life situations (their realities) based on actions and symbols that reveal a person's beliefs

Grounded theory

The researcher wants to know if eating chocolate causes claustrophobia. What type of variable is eating chocolate

Independent

What is a limitation of retrospective study

Lack of control, manipulation of an intervention, and randomization so that cause/effect relationships may be determined

A meta analysis provides what level of scientific evidence

Level 1

What is the level of evidence provided by a study that examines whether specific variables predict outcomes in a cohort of patients that are followed over time

Level 4

What is the level of evidence provided by systematic review of qualitative or descriptive studies

Level 5

What are the components of an experimental study (4)

Manipulation of an intervention, control over extraneous variables, control group, randomization

This threat to internal validity occurs when the outcome of interest improves over time just because the patient's condition naturally improve. The patient's improvement could be falsely attributed to the intervention.

Maturation

What 5 main components should be addressed in a research article

Problem and purpose, literature review, study framework, objectives/aims questions hypothesis, variables

Which of the following is NOT a demographic variable Patient age Gender Quality of life scores Educational level

Quality of life scores

Using a standardized survey, the researcher reports that the anxiety scores of adolescent diabetics who must self administer insulin during school hours. What type of study is this

Quantitative study

This type of study is almost experimental. Lacks control group

Quasi experimental

The nurse should know how to find and evaluate research evidence because

The nurse should use the best research evidence to guide clinical practice

Researchers sometimes use this to describe the big picture of how the research variables all fit together

Theoretical framework