N30 Kidney - Prep U chp 50

The countercurrent mechanism occurs in the loop of Henle. True False

TRue

What best describes the structure of the kidneys? The renal pelvises drain urine into the ureters. The cortical nephrons concentrate urine. The renal arteries arise from the renal cortex. The glomerulus produces erythropoietin.

The renal pelvises drain urine into the ureters.

Which client population would benefit most from education of minimizing the risk for the development of cystitis? a client who leads a sedentary lifestyle a client who is 65 years of age or older A black client a female client

a female patient

When the kidneys notice that they're not getting enough oxygen, what substance do they produce to stimulate red blood cell production? erythropoietin renin ANP JGR

erythropoetin

A group of students are reviewing the structure and function of the renal system. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify what as the functional unit? Nephron Glomerulus Convoluted tubule Bowman's capsule

nephron

The majority of the reabsorption process takes place in what anatomical location? Ureters Proximal tubule Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole

proximal tubule

A nurse is describing the renal system to a client with a kidney disorder. Which structure would the nurse identify as emptying into the ureters? Renal pelvis Nephron Parenchyma Glomerulus

renal pelvis

The renal pelvis drains directly into the urinary calyces urethra bladder ureter

ureter

Countercurrent focuses on what mechanism to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance Clearing nitrogen wastes Managing carbonic anhydrase secretion Regulating vitamin D activation Regulating sodium absorption

Regulating sodium absorption

How does the renal system influence the production of red blood cells? Regulating the production and secretion of erythropoietin Managing the countercurrent mechanism process Maintaining stable perfusion of the kidneys Regulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Regulating the production and secretion of erythropoietin

When describing the signs and symptoms associated with renal failure, what would be most important for a nurse to keep in mind? A small number of nephrons usually are affected when manifestations develop. Most signs and symptoms are unrelated to nephron damage. Renal failure reflects injury to the protective layers of the kidneys. Renal failure suggests that extensive kidney damage has already occurred.

Renal failure suggests that extensive kidney damage has already occurred.

Which hormone is secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus? Renin Aldosterone Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Calcitonin

Renin

When describing the mechanism for blood pressure control by the kidneys, which occurs first when oxygenation to the nephron is decreased? Activation of angiotensinogen Vasoconstriction due to angiotensin II Renin release Release of aldosterone

Renin release

A daughter is talking with the urologist who is caring for the woman's 78-year-old mother. The mother has multiple sclerosis and has lost control of her bladder. The young woman asks the urologist what made her mother become incontinent. What would be the urologist's bestanswer? "Once control of the bladder is learned, you must have a functioning nervous system to maintain it." "I don't know, but there are lots of medicines we can try to fix it." "This happens sometimes, and no one is quite sure why." "Your mother's age has a lot to do with it."

"Once control of the bladder is learned, you must have a functioning nervous system to

Which is the strongest influence on potassium loss in the kidney? Angiotensin Aldosterone Renin Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Aldosterone

The absorption of which electrolyte from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is regulated by vitamin D ingested as part of the diet? Potassium Calcium Magnesium Sodium

Calcium

What term is used to describe the process that moves fluid and small particles out of the blood through the glomerulus and into the nephron tubule Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Excretion

Filtration

Which is the process in which there is the passage of fluid through the glomerulus into the nephron tubule? Osmosis Filtration Perfusion Secretion

Filtration

What are key roles of the kidneys? (Select all that apply.) Maintaining blood pressure Balancing acids/bases Regulating body fluid volume Releasing norpepinephrine Exchanging gases

Maintaining blood pressure Balancing acids/bases Regulating body fluid volume

Which substance acts to increase blood pressure by inducing vasoconstriction? angiotensin II erythropoietin ADH atrial natriuretic peptide

angiotensin II

Which of these ions plays an important role in pH homeostasis? potassium bicarbonate chloride sodium

bicarbonate

The glomerulus is a: cluster of capillaries that filters blood collecting area for urine triangular section in the kidney flared portion of the ureter type of diagnostic test

cluster of capillaries that filters blood