Napoleon

Alexander I of Russia (1801-1825)

-Young tsar of Russia Negotiations had to be made between him and Napoleon after Napoleon defeated the Russians at Friedland -Created Western-style ministries, lifted restrictions on importing foreign books, and founded six new universities

Napoleonic Code

body of French civil laws introduced in 1804; served as model for many nations' civil codes; Louisiana still follows it

Concodat of 1801

did not revoke the principle of religious freedom established by the revolution

Lycees

french government-run public schools; established by Napoleon

Scorched Earth Policy

military tactic in which soldiers destroy everything in their path to hurt the enemy

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from Napoleon in 1803 for $15 million

1st Consul

title Napoleon gave himself after returning to France from Egypt

Grand Army

Combined French armies under Napoleon. Virtually destroyed during Napoleon's ill-fated Russian campaign.

Crowning of Napoleon

December 2, 1804, Napoleon was crowned emperor. He walked down the aisle at Notre Dame, and there the pope handed him a crown, and he crowned himself making a gesture that he had more power than the church.

Congress of Vienna (1815)

Enacted a settlement that was acceptable to both victors and to France. Created a balance of power that lasted until the unification of Germany in 1871. Underestimated the forces of liberalism and nationalism. Used the principle of legitimacy to restore Bourbons to the French throne. United Belgium with the Netherlands to form a single kingdom of the Netherlands. Created a loose confederation of 39 German states dominated by Austria.

Confederation of the Rhine 1806

League of German States organized by Napoleon in 1813 after defeating the Austrians at Austerlitz. The league collapsed after Napoleon's defeat in Russia.

Waterloo (1815)

Little Belgian village where Napoleon was finally defeated after his 100 days

Nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality; used by Napoleon to create unity

Josephine de Beauharnais

Napoleon's first wife. After failing to give birth to an heir, Napoleon divorced her in favor of the younger Archduchess Marie Louise.

Continental System

Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.

100 days

Period of time when Napoleon returned to France a year after his exile to Elba and restored himself as emperor for a few months. He was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo

Elba and St. Helena

The respective first and second locations of Napoleon's banishment. Elba is off the Italian coast, and St. Helena is in the South Atlantic.

"Consul for Life" (1802)

Title Napoleon gave himself after a referendum

Haitian Revolution (1791-1804)

War incited by a slave uprising in French-controlled Saint Domingue, resulting in the creation of the first independent black republic in the Americas. Napoleon attempted to put down the revolt but his troops caught yellow fever