Natural Selection

Why are there so many breeds of dogs?

Because dogs mate with other breeds which can create new breeds.

Who was Charles Darwin?

Charles Darwin is a biologist from England.

What is Charles Darwin known for?

He is known for developing a theory called natural selection.

How does selection favor calling? How does selection favor not calling?

Selection favors it because it attracts females, but it also attracts sneaky males + predators.

What does it mean to selectively breed an organism?

Selectively breed an organism means to actively mandate an organism's phenotypic features.

Why is selective breeding useful to farmers?

Since farmers want to produce crops that will resist diseases, high growth rate + etc.

How does mimicry benefit an organism?

benefits an organism because mimicry is a similarity of one organism, to another species that is more evolved → the likeness is selectively favoured by the behavior.

What is mimicry?

the close external resemblance of an animal or plant (or part of one) to another animal, plant, or inanimate object.

Explain how industrial melanism has affected moths

Industrial melanism changes the color of the moth. The dark colored moths starts which is industrial melanism.

Is calling good or bad for a cricket's fitness?

It's bad since it calls attention, which leads to them getting eaten by bats. However it can be good at certain times to mate, but you have to be careful of predators.

When it comes to crickets, what does fitness mean?

It's not all about being the toughest, most talented singer, or the most attractive it's about having the the genes that encode traits and certain behaviors down to offspring.

Does natural selection act on individuals or does it act on something else?

Natural selection acts for good of the species. The fittest organisms in the population are the strongest, healthiest, fastest, + largest. Natural selection is all about survival of the very fittest specimen in a population.

What does the phrase "survival of the fittest" mean?

Survival of the fittest means, "where the organisms most suited to their environment had more chance of survival if the species falls upon hard times."

Give some examples of selection at work in this cricket story.

The sneaker cricket noticed the song of the nice cricket + joined the mating bandwagon, catching the female before it got to the original singing cricket.

3. Which part of the finch has changed over time?

Their beak shape, body size, song + feeding behavior. The changes in the beak shape was enabled them to utilize different food resources like insects, seeds, + nectar from cactus flowers.

All dogs are of a single species, regardless of what they look like. They are all descended from what animal? Give the scientific and common names.

They are descended from gray wolves → domesticated around 13,000 years ago. Canis familiaris and Canis lupus

How did organisms arrive at the Galapagos Islands?

Wind + sea currents moved seeds, plants, + insects, which made up the ecosystem.

Did Darwin first believe that each finch he found was a different species? Was he right or wrong?

Yes, when he first arrived he believed that each finch were different specimen. He was wrong.