NDFS Final

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting our intake of _________ and replacing them with _______

(Trans Fat and Saturated Fat), (Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated, & Omega-3 Fats)

Assume that someone with a starting weight of 220 pounds is trying to LOSE weight at a healthy rate (10% of their initial weight in a 6-month period). Most people rarely lose a consistent amount of weight each week over an extended period of time -- even when they're engaging in healthy behaviors. However, for the sake of this question, assume that after 3 months, this person (who started at 220 pounds) is "right on track" to lose 10% of their initial weight in a 6-month period. In theory, what would you expect their weight to be 3 months in?

209 pounds

A pound of body fat provides about ________ kcal

3500

Per serving, which of the following foods is the most energy-dense?

4-ounce chocolate doughnut

If you consumed a total of 2200 kcals (Calories) per day and 25% came from fat, how many GRAMS of fat are you consuming?

61 grams

_____ is a chemical pathway involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid and occurs in the mitochondria

Beta-oxidation

You have decided to choose foods that are nutrient dense. One day, you go to the store for some orange juice. Which of the following is most nutrient dense? Brand A (84 mg of Vitamin C, 100 kcals) Brand B (97 mg of Vitamin C, 125 kcals) Brand C (80 mg of Vitamin C, 104 kcals) Brand D (90 mg of Vitamin C, 115 kcals)

Brand A

Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes, and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

Case-Control

In a person with type 2 diabetes, the blood sugar level remains high after a meal because ______

Cells do not respond to insulin

In order for proteins to be used for energy, amino acids must be _____________

Deaminated

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to _______

Dehydration

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ______

Eat breakfast daily

T/F Body Mass Index (BMI) is a reliable measure of body "fatness" and overall health and well-being

False

T/F Males generally have a HIGHER percentage of lean body mass than females and because of this, their BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is LOWER

False

T/F Secretin (a hormone) is stimulated by the presence of acidic chyme in the small intestine and triggers the liver to secrete cholecystokinin (CCK) until chyme is neutralized

False

T/F The term "appetite" describes a biological need for food

False

T/F When ground beef is no longer pink, you can assume it is safe to eat

False

Rebecca has hypertension. To help lower her blood pressure, she should ________

Follow the DASH diet

Which of the following hormones stimulates hunger sensations?

Ghrelin

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits

Glucagon

Which of the following statements is false?

Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland and is a result of cancer

The risk of dehydration in older adults compared to younger adults is

Higher

Which of the following statements about diabetes is MOST CORRECT?

In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin

On the 'Intuitive Eating Spectrum', where would 'Awareness, Balance, Variety, and Moderation' exist?

In the middle of the spectrum

The synthesis of fatty acids is known as _______

Lipogenesis

The synthesis of fatty acids is known as _____________

Lipogenesis

A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________

Measles

Which of the following statements is true?

Most enzymes have names that end with -ase

A deficiency of this water-soluble vitamin is characterized by "the 4 D's" (dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death) are characteristics of a deficiency of this water-soluble vitamin.

Niacin

Which of the following statements is true?

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate way to defrost raw meat?

On the counter

Which of the following is not a typical feature of fad diets?

Physical activity

An online magazine article about weight-loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual. The faulty information is an example of...

Pseudoscience

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ________ study

Retrospective

What happens to carbohydrates and proteins when their intakes exceed the body's energy needs?

They are converted to triglycerides and stored in adipose cells

T/F A person who has a BMI of 17.0 has a greater risk of infections than a person who has a BMI of 21.0

True

T/F Cross contamination occurs when cooked foods come in contact with surfaces touched by raw meat

True

T/F Excessive upper-body weight is associated with an increased risk of sleep apnea. And yet, there are many individuals who are considered overweight who don't have sleep apnea and many individuals with sleep apnea who don't have an elevated BMI

True

T/F Our body is capable of withstanding short-term fasting, maintains normal activities, and providing the necessary energy needed, thanks to the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles

True

T/F Vitamin D may reduce the risks of heart disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and depression

True

T/F Vitamin D may reduce the risks of heart disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and depression.

True

Which of the following Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommendations were developed to guard against overconsumption?

UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Levels)

Which of the following populations is at the greatest risk for a vitamin B-12 deficiency?

Vegans

This water-soluble vitamin is only found in animal products and is sensitive to microwave heating

Vitamin B12

Which of the following is NOT true about water?

Water is necessary for immune function

Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should ________

add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil

In human cells, many B vitamins ______

are needed to make coenzymes

In human cells, many B vitamins _______

are needed to make coenzymes

parathyroid hormone ________

enhances the body's ability to retain calcium

Calcitonin ______

is secreted when blood levels of calcium are too high

Calcitonin _______

is secreted when blood levels of calcium are too high

The bleeding gums, easy bruising, and poor wound healing that characterize scurvy are all related to vitamin C's role in _______

synthesis of collagen