"Need to Know" Exam 2

Malignant cell characteristics

-Irregular shape with poorly defined border -Cells much different from parent cells (poorly differentiated) -Anaplasia: Loss of specific appearance of parent cells (more bizarre = worse) -Loose cell adherence -Infiltrative + expansive growth -Lose specialized function -May recur after treatment -Rapid cell division -Abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy) -Spread (metastasize) throughout the body: major cause of cancer death

Benign cell characteristics

-Normal cell growth patterns -Resemble tissue of origin (differentiated) -Usually bind closely together; encapsulated with clean margins -Do not invade other tissues (non-migratory) -Once removed, do not recur

What are the five different types of shock?

1. Hypovolemic (large loss of fluid; burns) 2. Anaphylactic (allergic reaction) 3. Distributive (neurogenic, sepsis) 4. Cardiogenic (heart attack) 5. Obstructive (pulm em or cardiac tamponade)

Manifestations of PVD

6 P's: Pain Pallor Pulselessness Poikilothermia Paresthesia Paralysis

What deficiency is associated with sickle cell?

B12

What drugs do you use to treat kidney failure?

Lasix Potassium wasting

When would you see an ST elevation?

MI

Retinoblastoma diagnostic test

Most common eye cancer During an eye exam, the eye looks completely black. This indicates a tumor

Do you cardiovert someone with a pulse?

No

How do you know if a pacemaker is working?

Pacemaker Spikes Capture the QRS complex

RIFLE

Risk Injury Failure Loss End-stage kidney disease

Third Degree Heart Block (Complete Heart Block)

Totally irregular. The P's and the QRS just don't match up. They are all over the place. TREAT WITH PACEMAKER

Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)

a condition in which the heart's electrical rhythm remains relatively normal, yet the mechanical pumping activity fails to follow the electrical activity, causing cardiac arrest *check the patient and his/her pulse

mitral valve prolapse

improper closure of the mitral valve REGURGITATION